t.M^
I^viaon of MsUibEeb
Sectional T.ibratv
CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA
ILLUSTRATIONS
SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS
VOL. IX.
CONTAINING MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENEK.'
SPONPYLl'S. NATICA. NERITA.
NERITIXA. NAVICELLA. LATIA.
SIPHONARIA.
LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.L.S., F.G.S.,
CORKESPDNDINO MEMBER OF THE NATUKAL niSTORY SOCIETY OF WURTEMBEKG. AND OF THE LVCEl'M OF NATURAL
HISTORY OF NEW YORK.
" The works of God are so worthy of their author, that besides the impresses of his wisdom aud
goodness that are left as it were upon their surfaces, there are a great many more curious and
excellent tokens and effects of Divine artifice in the hidden and innermost recesses of them ; and
these are not to be discovered by the perfunctory looks of oscitant and unskilful beholders ; but
require, as well as deserve, the most attentive and prying inspection of inquisitive and well-
instructed considerers. And sometimes in one creature there may be I know not how many ad-
mirable things, that escape a vulgar eye, and yet may be clearly discerned by that of a true
naturalist." — Boi/le.
LONDON ;
LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
ISofi.
JOHN EUWAKD TAVLOB, PKINTEK,
UTILE qUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS.
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
SPONDYLUS
" Not a s/ie//
But shows scjiuc touch, in freckle, stnak, or stain.
Of His uurivaUcd pencil."— Cowpcr.
SpCNdxIu^sJH.J.
W40r
:> W
in
Vf-W^n
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,%,!
h/^<^
V ^.^.r'
S^weiby '1.1 rt, lull
SPONDYLUS.
Genus SPONDYLUS. Lnni^tus.
Tcsin affixa, i>i,pi/>iiriilrix, ir mi id, iris, plus minus aiiricti-
lata, rniVuitiiii xtriatu et tirnlii, runt costata, varie nm-
ricata el spiiiom ; uhiboiiibiis icqitaUbus, area cardinali
permtiplfi, plmin, eetate productiore, pecuUariter sepa-
ratis. Cardo dentihus duohm solidis, re/lexis in ntrn-
qm valvfl, valide intersertis, ligamenUmi in cavHalem
inter se recipleiitibns. Impressio muscularis mbla-
teralis.
Shell attached, inequivalve, irregular, more or less auricu-
lated, radiately striated and ridged, rarely ribbed, va-
riously prickled and spined ; umboes equal, peculiarly
separated by a very large flat hinge area, more and
more produced with age. Hinge with two solid re-
flected teeth in each valve, strongly interlocking, and
receiving the ligament between them. Muscular im-
pression sublatcral.
The Spondylus, or Thorny Oyster, is one of the earliest
known shells. When Aristotle occupied himself with phi-
losophic interest in describing the animals of the Mediter-
ranean, the -S". (jftdaropus lived, as now, in all its royal
panoply of purple and white, and the name adopted by
Linnaeus when engaged upon the grand formula of nomen-
clature which has become the law of naturalists, was that
of the old philosopher of Greece, namely, SiroVSuXos. The
species added to this genus in modern times are compa-
ratively few ; Lamarck numbered twenty-one ; Sovverby, in
liis recent monograph in ' Thesaurus Conchyliorum,' only
thirty-four, and I have but two or three to add. The species
are mostly well known to collectors, all having an attrac-
tive interest from their singularity of form and beauty of
colouring. Their grow'th is peculiar and extremely irre-
gular, varying according to the circumstances of their place
of attachment ; it may be remarked, however, that it is on
the upper valve that the shell developes its truest specific
cliaracter.
The Sporiihjll are confined to no particular locality.
Limited as they are in species, they are distributed very
generally over the globe south of the latitude of the Medi-
terranean. There are no sjiecies on the coast of Britain.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus Pacificus. Spond. testa, oblique late trigonii,
compressd, radiatim tenue imhricato-striatd et liratn,
Januar
liris subcoiitorli''Jte.rHOsis, tenuissime sqnamatis, squumis
interdumfere obsoletis ; rtibidd vel rosed, interdmii al-
lidd, minio radiatd.
The Pacific Spondylus. Shell obliquely broadly tri-
angularly compressed, radiately finely imbricately stri-
ated and ridged, ridges somewhat twistedly flexuous.
very finely scaled, scales sometimes almost obsolete;
ruddy or rose-coloured, sometimes whitish, rayed with
vermilion.
Ilab. Lord Hood's Island, Pacific Ocean ; Cuming.
This species has been sometimes regarded as a variety
of S. ««(/h.s which follows, but it is uniformly distinguished
by a characteristic obliquely triangular compressed growth,
rayed with exceedingly fine squamate ridges and striae.
Mr. Cuming possesses it in several varieties.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Si'ONDYLUs NUDUS. Spoiid.. testd snbelongato-lriijoiiii, (jib-
Losii, nmbones versus rotundato-tumidd, radiatim, deiisi-
slrialn et interdum. liratd, siriis vix imbricatis, sublo'-
ribiis, liris posticis versus marginal interdum squama-
tis, auriculis Icevibus ; vivide minid, lineis albis remotis
plerumqne radiatis.
The denuded Spondylus. Shell somewhat elongately
triangular, gibbous, rotundately swollen towards the
umboes, radiately densely striated and sometimes
ridged, strife scarcely imbricated, nearly smooth, pos-
terior ridges sometimes scaled towards the margin,
auricles smooth ; bright scariet, generally rayed with
distant white lines.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 233. pi. 203. f. lOS'J,
1990.
Hab. Mauritius and Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
A richly painted vermilion shell, mostly rayed at rather
distant intervals with white lines. It is at once distin-
guished from the preceding species by its elevated regular
gibbous growth, and ab.sence of scales, except in advanced
specimens at the ends of the posterior ridges.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus varians. Spond. testa oblongo-orbicidari,
convexo-depressn, suUrregulari, spinis brevibtis sqiiu-
?iiatis copiosP radiata, spinis valde irregularibws, valvd
1856.
SPONDYLL'S.— Plate I.
siiperiori prope umbonem liris parvis aciilia Irihus xqim-
miferis distantibtcs radiata, valvd infcrinri /ili'i-nunii"-
muUo foliata et concameratd ; alba, cin-a ih,ilioii.u,i
piirptireo-roseo et aurantio titidd, liris Iribiin pan-is
radlantibus mturatiorihus.
Thf. vakiable Spondylds. Shell oblong-orbicular, con-
vexly depressed, somewhat irregular, copiously rayed
with very irregular short squaraate spines, upper valve
rayed near the umbo with three small sharp sealed
ridges, lower valve generally much foUated and cham-
bered ; white, stained around the umbo with pui-jjle-
rose and orange, the three small radiating ridges be-
ing darker in colour.
^JowEiuiv. \ii(i' ii(li\ lo Catalogue of Polynesian Shells
coll' I . ^ ''• 'I I -lutchbury.
A'/j'j'M ' ■ v /) , • ■//■(. Chenu.
Hab. Pacific Islands.
This tine species is distinguished in all its stages ol'
growth by three widely separated fine squamate ridges
radiating from the umbo, of a darker red tiut than the sur-
rounding colour of the shell. It is of very irregular growth,
sometimes depositing a series of basal laminae in the lower
valve one over the other, and hermetically closing water in
the chambers, in which state, often of great size, it is
known to collectors by the name of the Water Spondylus.
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
Sl'ONDYLUS CILIATUS. Spoiid. Ustd suhorbiciilari, lenui,
convexo-diprtssd, liris eximiis radiald, liris spinis
Iriiiiihiis .•iiibiiiPiiibraiiaceis longis erectis copiose acii-
/,'ii/i.s, /h-nrihi/ i//lrrs/i/iis sitbtilissime dense striatis ;
.\friiiiiiiieij-albd, purpiirascente sparsim pundatd.
The ciliated Spondylus. Shell suborbicular, thin,
convexly depressed, rayed with fine ridges, ridges
copiously thorned with rather long, erect, thin, sub-
membranaceous spines, interstices between the ridges
very finely densely striated ; straw-tinged white, spa-
ringly dotted with light purple.
Bkoderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 5.
Hab. Lord Hood's Island, Pacific Ocean (found on the
reefs attached to a piece of coral) ; Cuming.
Copiously ciliated throughout witii long erect spines,
which are exceedingly tiiin and have a submembranaceous
character.
Species o. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus Gussoni. Spuiid. tesld ocali, subijibbusd, nm-
boues versus subatieuimld, radiotiin slriald, striis mi-
nute imbricatis ; alba.
Gusson's Spondylus. Shell oval, rather gibbous, a
little attenuated towards the umboes, radiately stri-
ated, striae minutely imbricated ; white.
Costa, Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 87.
Spoitdi/l/is minimus, Chemn.
Spondylus albidus, Broderip.
Ilab. ilediterraneaii.
Of small gibbous size, with somewhat the aspect of
a TercbraUda, attached mostly in groups.
•S'pvndyliis ^ Ply II.
Tmuero BToois Ix
SPONDYLUS.
Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.)
SroNDYLus LEUCACANTHA. 5/jojirf. tcsld orhkulari, vel
sitbtrigono-ovatd, crassiusculd, venirieosd, cosiis sex
priHcipalibiiS radiatd, costis spinis squamatis elongaUs
mbarcuatis inegularibus armatis, iuterstitiis minute
imbricato-striatls, liris Iribus aculeato-squaniatis ; cro-
ceo-rubrd vel vivide minio-rubrd, spinis albis.
The white-spined Spondylus. Shell orbicular or
somewhat triangularly ovate, rather thick, ventricose,
rayed with six principal ribs, ribs armed with ii'regu-
lar slightly arched elongated squaraate spines, inter-
stices minutely imbricately striated, with three thorny
squamate ridges ; yellowish-red or bright scarlet-red,
spines white.
BuoDERiP, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. .5.
Hah. Island of La Plata, West Columbia.
A very rare and beautiful species at once distinguished
by its pure white areuately squamate spines springing out
of a deep ochre or vermilion-red ground.
the umbo. The shell is extremely irregular in growth, and
the spines mostly terminate in a characteristic palmate
contortion.
Species 7. (^Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylcs Sinensis. Spond. lesid sHblnyoHO-orbiciduri,
depressinscidd, valde irreyulari, radiatim tiiuUistriatd
et interdum cosfatd, profuse sqmmatd, sqmmis versus
margineni magis numerosis et planipalmatis, et plus
minus lateraliter contorlis ; spadiceo-carned, circa um-
bonem pallide sanguineo nebulatd, interdum alba, pur-
purea sparsim variegatd.
The Chinese Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly
orbieidar, rather depressed, very irregular, radiately
many-striated and sometimes ribbed, profusely scaled,
scales more numerous towards the margin and flatly
palmated, and more or less twisted on one side;
fawn-flesh, clouded with pale blood-colour about the
umboes, sometimes white, sparsely variegated with
purple.
Sowerby, Thesaurus Couch, vol. i. p. 437. pi. 87. f. 32-34..
Hab. China.
Distinguished by a peculiar fawn-flesh colour, with no
marking except a little iuiut clouding of blood-smear about
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus yariegatus. Spond. testd suborbiculari, Pec-
tiiiiformi, gibbosd, snbaquivalvi, radiatim cosfatd et
striata, costis spinis longiusculis recitrvis armatis;
albd, lineis atigulato-flexuosis purpureo-fuscis pictd.
The variegated Spondylus. Shell somewhat orbicular,
Pecten-shapcd, gibbous, nearly equivalve, radiately
ribbed and striated, ribs armed with rather long re-
curved spines ; white, painted with angulariy flexuous
purple-brown lines.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. pi. 45. f. 464.
Eadem, Spondylus muricalus, Chemnitz.
Ilab. Amboyna.
A very characteristic feature in this species are the an-
gularly flexuous purple-brown lines with which it is more
or less profusely painted upon a white ground. The valves
are nearly alike, and the spines mostly curved backwards.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus princeps. Spond. testd subrotundatd, crassd,
interdum ponderosd, radiatim costatd et liratd, costis
lirisque copiose squamato-spinosd, spinis valde irregu-
lar ibus, nunc postice nunc ant ice distortis ; intense
corallo-rnbrd.
The prince Spondylus. Shell somewhat rounded,
thick, sometimes ponderous, radiately ribbed ami
ridged, ribs and ridges copiously squamately spined,
spines very ii-rcgular, distorted sometimes in a poste-
rior direction, sometimes anterioriy ; deep coral-red.
Bboderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 4.
Hab. Island of Plata, West Columbia (found attached to
coral rocks at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ; Cu-
ming.
Chiefly distinguished from S. pictorum, to which it is
neariy allied by the irregular laterally inclined contortions
of the spines, and deep coral-red colour.
January, 1856.
Spondyhis,rlUIl
■mva^y -fiU'J"' ^i
SPONDYLUS.
Plate III.
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus aur.intius. Spoiid. testa subcoittorto-ovatd,
ventricosiusculd, racUaiim multicostatd, costis snperfi-
ciariis, spinis hreviusculis acutis copiosi niuricatis ;
viride ntirantid, circa umbonem alhd, imiuacidafd, plus
minus denitdald.
The orange Spondylus. Siiell somewhat twistedly
ovate, rather ventricose, radiately many-ribbed, ribs
superficial, copiously prickled with rather short sharp
spines; bright orange, around the umboes unspotted
white, more or less denuded of spines.
Lamarck, Auim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 190.
Hal). Seychelle Islands.
This well-known species is chiefly distinguished from its
nearest ally S. Butleri, by the sharp curved prickly cha-
racter and abimdance of the spines, and by the absence
of marking in the vicinity of the umbo.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus multisetosus. Spend, testa ovatd, fenuicnid,
irregtdari, radiatini dense striata et liratd, liris spinis
tenuibns tirevibus armatis, et copiose mimite muricutis;
purpurascente-carned, croceo undique plus minus ob-
scure maculatd, circa umbonem smujuineo nebulutd,
valde mnricatd.
The many-bristled Spondylus. Shell ovate, rather
thin, irregular, radiately densely striated and ridged,
ridges armed with short tliia spines and copiously
minutely prickled; purple -flesh, more or less ob-
scurely spotted throughout with yellow, clouded with
blood-smears, and very prickly about the umbo.
Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
It is a striking characteristic of this species to be every-
where crowded with small prickles, iu addition to the
prickly spines.
Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus mus. Spond. iestd triyono-orbiculari, gib-
bosdy subirregulari, radiatini striata et liratd, liris
sMistantibus, spinis longinscnlis, irregtdaribus, ad
terminum coutorto-spathulatis sparsini armatd ; pur-
purascente, Jdc illic saturate nebulatd, circa umbonem
albd, spinis albis.
The mouse Spondylus. Shell triangularly orbicular,
gibbous, somewhat irregular, radiately striated and
ridged, ridges rather distant, sparingly armed with
rather long irregular spines, twistedly spathulate at
the end ; light purple, here and there dark-clouded,
white around the umbo, spines white.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Of swollen growth, distinguished by half-a-dozen prin-
cipal ribs, out of which the spines spring in a peculiar
contorted manner, and become spathulate at the extremity.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
bio\DYLU'5 gedaeopus Spo7id testd obloiigo oibicidan,
lad/fif/ni denne sfiiatd et li/ala stim g)an%dato-as
I I I s] iii(i\n iiiuiicatti spinis valde
III it il Hic illic ti imcatis ,
uil hp III I juipmea vahd iiife-
1 101 1 alba, uui uutio pa> tiiii tmUa
The ass's rooT Spondylls Shell oblong orbicular n
diately densely striated and ridged, striK granularly
roughened, ridges squamately spined and prickled,
spines very irregular, promiscuously twisted, here and
there truncated ; upper valve everywhere deep pur-
ple, lower valve white, partially tinged with orange.
L1NN.EUS, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1136.
Hub. Mediterranean.
This well-known species has a very characteristic plan
of sculpture, and is readily distinguished by its peculiar
contrast of colouring ; the upper valve being of a uniform
rich purple, whilst the lower valve is white, partially
tinged with orange.
Januarv, 185G.
Spondvlus,Pl.IV.
Ymccnt BrooV. Imj
SPONDYLUS.
Plate FV.
Sjjecies 14. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus Butleri. Spond. lestd trigono-omtd, rndta-
tim striata et Virata, liris versus marginem obsolelis,
prope wmbonem oiscure squamato-miiricatis, delude
spinosis, spinis siibnmptis, talis, pancis, promiscue con-
tort is ; piirpiin-n-iiiijricanle, circa umbonem nebidatd,
spinis r/n,/,' ti//,-ii,:iii.i.
Butler's Sri>Miyi,i s. Shell triangularly ovate, radiately
striated and ridged, ridges obsolete towards tUc iiiar-
gin, obscurely squamately prickled near the umbo,
then spined, spines rather large, broad, few, promis-
cuously twisted ; purple-blackish, clouded around the
umbo, spines bright orange.
ffab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Uniformly distinguished from S. aurdutliis by its more
regular Pecten-shape growth and blackish ground-colour-
ing, and by the broad straggling character of the spines,
which are much fewer in number and more distant.
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus multimuric.\tus. Spond. testa ovatd, gib-
bosd, suhrmli, irrn/nlari, rudintim dense elevato-stri-
i///ie ariile sqiiiiiiiiild-iiinriciitis, spinis
cop
illide
aid, striis undii^
paucis, brevibus, m/di- irriyiilni-ilinf:
aurantid, circa iniiboni-in ulbd, purjii.
latd.
The m.\.ny-pi!1ckled Spondylus. Shell ovate, some-
what gibbous, rather rude, irregular, radiately densely
elevately striated, strias everywhere sharply squa-
mately prickled, with a few short very irregular
spines ; bright scarlet -orange, white, faintly spotted
with purple around the umbo.
Ilab. Philippine Islands; Cuming.
A shell of somewhat rude growth, of a bright scarlet-
orange colour throughout, everywhere covered with mi-
nute prickly scales, iuterspersod with a few irregular short
spines.
Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus bakbatus. Spond. testa subtriijouo-ovatd,
radiitfivi conspiciic lirntd et striata, liris sqnarn,ato-
'innncdlix, rersns i.iniujiiirui dense spinosis, spinis nunc
anr/nsf/s, pun-is, nunc lute squamato-spathidatis,varie
contortis ; pallide spadiced, carneo-roseo plus minus
tinctd, prope umbonetn intense rnfo sparsini pnnctatd.
The bearded Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly
ovate, radiately conspicuously ridged and striated,
ridges squamately prickled, densely spined towards
the margin, spines now narrow, small, now broadly
squamately spatbulate, variously twisted ; light fawn-
colour, more or less stained with flesh-rose, sparingly
dotted near the umbo with deep red.
Ilab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Of the same peculiar typical character as S. Sinensis,
from which it differs, nevertheless, specifically in detail of
sculpture. The spines are of a curiously mixed kind,
some being small and narrow, others broadly squamately
spathulate and contorted.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus Ajiericanus. Spond. lestd ocafd, nunc Pec-
tiniformi, nunc rude ijibbosd, radiatim striatd et liratd,
liris se.v principalibus squamato-spiinosis, spinis inter-
dnni lonffis, ad termitium foliaceo-palmatis, liris parvis
infermediis plus minus muricatis ; alba, circa umbo-
nem pnrpureo- vel coccineo-rufd.
The American Spondylus. Shell ovate, sometimes
Pecten-shaped, sometimes rudely gibbous, radiately
striated and ridged, six principal ridges squamately
spined, spines sometimes long and foliaceously pal-
mated at the end, ridges small, more or less prickly ;
white, purple or scarlet-red around the umbo.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 185.
Eadcm. Spondylus arac/enoides, lont/ispina, et aricularis,
Lamarck.
Ilab. Hennudas.
This well-known species varies extremely in growth,
being sometimes rudely gibbously formed, with the spines
crowded and irregular, as in the specimen here figured,
sometimes with the spines fewer and more regular, and
much longer.
January, 1856.
Sprndv/n.^.PlY.
-^i^-^
^'
SPONDYLUS,
Plvte V.
Species IS. (Fig. u, 4, Mus, Cuuiiiig.)
Spondylus PLUKispiNOsis. Spoiid. testa ovaid, radia-
tim mhobscure liratd, liris profuse spinosk, spinis at-
tetiiiatls pralongk, Idc ilUc promiscue curvatis, spinis
circa mnbonevi numerosis, minutis; Candida, circa
umbonern, fmco-nigro ptmctaid, spinis interduni vivicle
aurantiis.
The many-spined Spondylus. Shell ovate, radiately
somewhat obscurely ridged, ridges profusely spined,
spines attenuated, very long, here and there ])romis-
cuously curved, spines around the umbo numerous,
minute ; white, dotted around the umbo with brown-
black, spines sometimes bright orange.
Encyclope'die Methodique, pi. 194. f. 1.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuniiiig.
This species, it will be seen, is quite distinct from S.
auraHtius, the spines being more delicately attenuated and
much more numerous, while the shell is chai-acterized in
the young state by a multitude of fine prickles, interspersed
at the base with brown-black s])ots.
Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spo.N'DYLUs CROCEUS. SpO'iid. Icstd ovutd, veutricosd,
valvis sicbfeqimlibus, rude irregulariter costati-s, costis
retusis, Idc illic squamatis, squamis brevibiis, latiuscu-
Us, valde irrec/ularibus, interdum spatlmlads ; undiqv.e
rivide aurantid-croced.
The yellow Spo.xdylus. Shell ovate, ventricose, valves
nearly equal, rudely irregularly ribbed, ribs blunt,
here and there squamate, scales short, rather broad,
very irregular, sometimes spathulate, every whci-e
bright orange-yellow.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. 7. p. 77. pi. -15. f. l-G:!
llab. Moluccas.
A shell of somewhat gibbous growth, rudely spathu-
lately scale-spined, of a uniform rich orange-yellow colour
throughout.
Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spokdylus kegius. Spoiid. testd ovatd, ventricosd, valcis
aquaUlus, radiatim costatis ttt liratis, liris miuuti
(inilrulo-squaiiialis, costis spinis solidis longissimis
ariiKilis. iircii curdinali pared; purpurasceHle-rosed,
spinis iiiterdniii albidis.
The royal Spondylus. Shell ovate, ventricose, valves
equal, radiately ribbed and ridged, ridges minutely
prickly scaled, ribs armed with very long solid spines,
cardinal area small ; purple-rose, spines sometimes
whitish.
LiNX.EUS, Syst. Nat. (12th edition), p, 113tJ.
Hab. Sooloo Islands ; Cuming.
This fine species, admirably figured by Chemnitz, is of
deep ventricose growth, with the valves of equal form and
of similar sculpture. It is of a rich purple rose-colour,
with the spines sometimes inclining to white.
Februarv, 1850.
S/H'in/' //'■': /'■ '/.
SPONDYLUS.
Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.)
Sfondylus flabellum. Spond. lestd late trirjond^Jlahel-
Uformi, suitus eoncavo-pland, supra radiatim ohscuri
liratd, lirk priticipaUhm pecuUariter rude, brevisqiia-
matis, sguamu Idc illic plus minus obsoletis, ared car-
dinali perampld; pnrpwrascente-rufd.
The little fan Spondylus. Shell broadly triangular,
fan-shaped, concavely flattened beneath, radiately
obscurely ridged above, principal ridges pecidinrly
rudely short-scaled, scales here and there more or
less obsolete, cardinal area very large ; purple-red.
Hah. ?
Characterized in all its stages of development by a pe-
culiar fan-shaped growth, and by a stunted character of
sculpture on the radiating ridges.
Species 32. (ilus. Cuming.)
Spondylus candidus. Spond. tesld suborhiculari, valde
irregulari, ared cardinali latimculd, radiatim liratd,
liris rudibus, subflexmsis, gemmato-imbricatis, inter-
stitiis striatis ; candidd, carneo-tinctd, liris interdum
vivide roseis.
The white Spondylus. Shell somewhat orbicular, very
irregular, cardinal area rather broad, radiately ridged,
ridges rude, rather flexuous, bead-imbricated, inter-
stices striated ; white, flesh-tinged, ridges sometimes
bright rose.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 185.
Hab. Australia. Lord Hood's Island ; Cuming.
The name given to this species, from iliscoloured speci-
mens, is rather an unfortunate one, the ridges being cha-
racterized in fine examples by a particularly bright rose
colour. The ridges, which are of an extremely irregular j
flexuous growth, are delicately begemmed throngho
with close-set imbrications.
Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus tenuispinosus. Sp07ul. testd orbiculari, sub-
tm concavd, conspictie spinosd et spathulato-squamatd,
stipra pland, radiatim mnltistriatd et liratd, liris pro-
fuse spinosis, spinis plerumque mimitis, pecuUariter
erectis; alba, valvd superiori nurantio-roseo varie
tinctd et maculatd.
The fine-spined Spondylus. Shell orbicular, concave
beneath, conspicuously spined and spathulately scaled,
flat above, radiately many-striated and ridged, ridges
profusely spined, spines generally minute, peculiarly
erect ; white, upper valve variously stained and spotted
with orange-rose.
SowERBY, Thesaurus Conch, vol. i. p. 421. pi. 87. f 37.
Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming.
Covered with a multitude of delicate prickly spines, pe-
culiarly erect in their development.
Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus pjctorum. Spond. lestd triijuiM-ooatd, ra-
diatim costatd, costis sex priiicijw/ibus furliler lingu-
lato-spino-us, interstitiis se.ccostatis, cot/is jjarci-t, breei-
■spinosis ; vivide aurantio-riifd.
The painters' Spondylus. Shell triangularly ovate,
radiately ribbed, six principal ribs strongly lingularly
spined, interstices six-ribbed, ribs small, short-spined ;
bright orange-red.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. p. 94. pi. (J'J f tl, V.
Spondylus crassisquamatus, Lamarck.
Spondylus dubius, Broderip.
Hab. Island of Plata, West Columbia (ibuud attached to
coral rocks at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ;
Cuming.
Two very characteristic features in this fine species are
the regularity of its plan of sculpture, and its rich orange-
red colour.
February, 18.5G.
.Spondylufi, Pi . ill.
'/"**-'
^'
"Kncmt Bro„W. Imi.
SPONDYLUS,
Species 25. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus foliaceus. Spond. testa, orbicularis valdi
(jihhom, valvis siibaqualilius, radiatim costatd, costis
latis, obtims, subsuperjiciariis, lonffiticdinaliter siilca-
tis, sex principalibus spinosis, spuds interdum distauti-
htts prcelongis, interdum brevioribus, pitkherrimi fivi-
briato-spathulatis ; albidd,purpura»ce)ite-rospO plus mi-
nus vivide pietd.
The foliated Spondylus. Shell orbicular, very gib-
lious, valves nearly equal, radiately ribbed, ribs broad,
obtuse, somewhat superficial, longitudinally grooved,
six principal ribs spinous, spines sometimes distant,
very long, sometimes shorter and beautifully fimbri-
ately spathulate ; whitish, more or less vividly painted
with purple-rose.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. p. S5. pi. 4(1. f. 472,473.
Spoudylns midlilamellatus, Lamarck.
Spondylus Petroselinum, Sowerby.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
This species, of which a very characteristic figure ap-
pears in Chemnitz' ' Conchylien Cabinet,' is finished with
large distant spines, sometimes beautifully fimbriately
spathulate at the extremitv.
Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus ducalis. Spoud. testa triyoiiu-ovatd, valvis
subeequalibits, radiatim dense serrato-striatis, costis sex
principalibus siiperfciariis, sqnamis amplis spathulatis
iviij'erli,,! n-y II I artier iirnmtis ; squamis alhis, niriis i/i-
lersUtialiljus candeo-uiyro tinctis vt p2(iictatis.
The ducal Spondylus. Shell triangularly ovate, valves
nearly equal, radiately densely serrately striated, six
principal ribs superficial, closely regularly armed with
large scales ; scales white, interstitial striw stained and
dotted with blue-black.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. p. 89. pi. 47. f 477, 47.S,
Spondylus spatayus, Chemnitz.
Spondylus spatltuliferus, Lamarck.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Variable rather in growth, but always distinguisheil by
the contrast of the rows of white scales upon the blue-grev
ground of the interstices.
Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus lingua-felis. Spond. testa oblonyo-ovutd,
depressinscnld, spinis prirvis brevibus, subsquamulatis,
inidiipti- ite,t>,r ,,' , ./,N , ii'xro-aurantid, circa uinlio-
uem iiilrntii,,, , , ; .. • -rnseo tinctd.
The cat's-toxi.i 1 ^iw,M,iirs. Shell oblong-ovate,
I'ather depressed, everywhere densely prickled with
small short subsquamate spines ; brownish-orange,
sometimes tinged with purple-rose around the nmbd.
SowEHBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847.
Hab. ?
Curiously distinguished by its flat-spread oblong growtii,
prickled throughout with small close-set spines.
Spvmlyhus.Pl. VIII.
^:^^^'i^^
Vmcejit Broolcs Imp
SFONDYLUS.
Plate VIII
Species :J8. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Sponuvlus impeeialis. Spond. testa trigono-ovatd, sub-
mwpremi, valvia mpmlibus, radiathn, crebricostatd,
.',',. s, ^„ ;,,.■,, ,'/,',,v,v longkp'mosis, spinis fortibm
; ' -> , . / riroatatis, costis squamis acutii
,/' , v" ,.,■,. , ■:■,: . I-' , •-ranicu.
TnK IMPERIAL Sfoxdvlus. Shell triangularly ovate,
rather compressed, valves equal, radiately closely
ribbed, six principal ribs long-spined, spines strong,
appressed, interstices three-ribbed, ribs densely set
with sharp prickly scales ; rose-flesh colour.
C;he.\u, Couch. Illus. p. G. pi. 26. f. 2, 3.
Hub. China.
This very beautiful, but not uncommon species, is very
closely allied to S. regius, and is characterized by the same
plan of sculpture, but the shell is uniformly more com-
pressed, and the prickly scales of the interstitial ribs more
sharply developed.
Species 29. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus zoNALis. Spotid. testa ovatd, vatde irregn-
luri, profuse radiatim liratd, liris plus mimis obsoletis
rude Jlexnosis, brevisquamatis, squamis irregulariter
acideatis, cuca umlonem magis aculeatis ; alba, nigro-
punctatd, deinde purpurea autfusco conceutrice zonatd,
squamis interdum aurantio-luteis.
The zoned Spondylus. Shell ovate, very irregular,
profusely radiately ridged, ridges more or less obso-
lete, rudely flexuous, shori-scaled, scales u-rcgularly
prickly, more prickly round the umbo ; white, black-
spotted, then concentrically zoned with ])urple ov
brown, scales sometimes orange-yellow.
Chenu, Illus. Conch, pi. 7. f. 3 and 1.
Spondylus Iterinaceus, Chenu.
Hub. Mauritius, Australia, and Philippine Islands,
Of rude flexuous growth, promiscuously bristleil
throughout with irregular short prickly scales.
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus Lamarckii. Spotid. testa ovatd, Fectirdformt
radiatim costatd, costis obtusis, subdistani
bus, rude Jiexuosis, lavibus, aculeis parv/s perpaucis
prope miibonem ; c<Brulescente-albd, purpureo-radiatd.
Umbo interno intense purpurea.
Lamarck's Spondylus. Shell ovate, Pecten-shaped,
u'regular, radiately ribbed, ribs obtuse, rather dis-
tant, rudely flexuous, smooth, with a few small
prickles near the umbo ; bluish-white, purple-rayed,
inner lip deep purple.
Chenu, Conch. Illus. p. 6. pi. 'J. f. 4.
Hub. ?
A very characteristic Pecten-like species, chiefly distin-
guished by its comparatively smooth, widely rayed, flattened
ribs ; but liable to be confounded with worn specimens of
S. ducalis.
February, 18.56.
SprJKhfu.s.ri.IJ.
SPONDYLUS.
Plate IX.
Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.)
Si'ONDYLUS VIRGINEUS. Spoiid. testd Sttbtrigouo-ovatd,
irregulari, radiatim liratd, /.iris alternis xpinis exiniiis
armath, spinis longimculis, promiscue incwrvis, spinis
valvee inferioris fortioribiis, longioribus ; alhidd, fer-
rugineo-fusco prope xmihonvm niaculatd, spinis pui-pii-
rascentibus.
The maiden Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly
ovate, irregular, radiately ridged, alternate ridges
armed with delicate spines, spines rather long, pro-
miscuously curved inwards, spines of the under valve
stronger and longer; whitish, spotted with rust-
lirowu near the umbo, spines light purple.
Ualj. Philippine Islands ; Cuniiog.
A very delicate, white, rust-spotted shell, profusely or-
namented with conspicuous gracefully curved piukish-
purple spines.
Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus albibakbatds. Spond. testa late orbicularis
valvd superiori gibboso-convexd, radiatim multicostatd,
costis superfwiariis, spiiwsis ; fjisco-rufescente, costis
spinisque albis.
The white-bearded Spondylus. Shell broadly orbi-
cular, upper valve gibbously convex, radiately many-
ribbed, ribs superficial, spined ; brownish-red, ribs
and spines white.
llai. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Characterized by a profusion of white spines, protruding
from white superficial ribs upon a decided brownish-red
ground.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus tenebrosus. Spond. It-std ohlungu-ovatd,
depressimcidd, irregulari, radiatim copiose elemto-
striata, striis acukatis, sparsim sgimmatis ; ciuereo-
fuscd, ttlbipimclatd, circa umbonem albd.
The dusky Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather de-
pressed, irregular, radiately copiously elevately stri-
ated, striffi prickly, sparsely squamate; ash-brown,
dotted with white, white around the umbo.
Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia ; Strange.
Of rather rude growth, beset with short prickles and a
few scales. Of a white-speckled ash-brown, while round
the umbo.
Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus limbatus. Spond. tesld oblotigo-ocatd, irrt-
gtilari, radiatim dense striata et liratd, liris superji-
ciariis dense palmato-squamatis, sqiiamis rudibus, irre-
gidaribns; intense aurantio-riifd, sqiiamis interdum
pins aurantiis, intus aurantio-rufo late limbatd.
The bordered Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, irre-
gular, radiately densely striated and ridged, ridges
superficial, densely palmately scaled, scales rude,
irregulai- ; deep orange-red, scales sometimes lighter
orange, interior broadly bordered with orange-red.
SovvEEBY, Thesaurus Conch, vol. i. p. 437. pi. 88. f. .51.
Hab. Panama and Mazatlan.
Chiefly characterized by its orange-red colour, the scales
being not unfrequently of a lighter colour, and by its broad
orange-red border in the interior.
,Si>,'iuhln.s. PI. X
SPONDYLUS.
Species 35. (Fig. n, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Si'OXBYLfS Cu.MiNoli. Hpond. testa suborhiadari, de-
prcmusciila, radiotha dome imbiicato-liratd, costis
iiamque principalibus subdidantibus, costis spiiiosis,
Hpiitk longia, fortibns, inlerduni palmath, ad latera
pi-cid'mrUi'r jimbriata ; aurnntio-rufd.
('i-Mi\r,'s Spondylus. Shell nearly orbicular, rather
depressed, radiately densely imbricately ridged with
five principal rather distant ribs, ribs spined, spines
long, strong, sometimes palmated, curiously fimbri-
ated at the sides ; orange-red.
SowLKHV, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. SG.
Hah. Japan.
Thi* species, which is inliuiately allied to the S. rwjim
and imperiaUs, is beautifully characterized by a peculiar
tiinbriated structure along the sides of the spines.
Species 'id. (Mus. Cuuiing.)
SvoxDYLUS CAMURUS. Spoiid. iestd siibtrii/oiui, irrci/ii-
luri, depressd, 7-adicdim costatd, contis rude squamcdis,
squaittis erectia, interstit'ds imbricato-striatis ; cal-
careo-albd, kic ilUc purpureo-violaceo tinctd et macii-
hdd.
Thk CRUMl'LED Sl'OMDYLUS. Shell somewhat triangular,
irregular, depressed, radiately ribbed, ribs rudely
scaled, scales erect, interstii-es imbricately striated ;
chalk-white, here and there stained and spotted with
purple-violet.
Hab. Philippiue Islands ; Cuming.
Of white chalk-like aspect, stained here and there with
purple-violet, irregular in growth, rayed with rows of
short erect scale-like spines.
Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus unicolor. Spond. testa SKbob/iqite Irigond,
snbrrqiiicaki, cram, va/de gibbosd, radiatim costatd
et lirald, costis lirisque rudibtis, irregulanbits, pru-
Mixciie obtuse sqtiamatis, squamis depresse palniatis ;
iidetise corallo-rnbrd.
The one-colodred Spondylus. Shell somewhat ob-
liquely triangular, nearly equivalve, thick, very gib-
bous, radiately ribbed and ridged, ribs and ridges
ruue, irregular, promiscuously obtusely scaled, scales
depressly palmate; deep coral-red.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 86.
I Hab. ?
A solid gibbous shell, nearly equivalve, of rather oblique
growth, beset with four or five rows of irregular distortedly
palmated scales, the intermediate ridges being sculptured
I with smaller scales, more crowded towards the margin.
.May, 13.56.
Spr,uh/n,',P/.IL
'^ ^
Sow«l-g di-l ^ ]ll}
Vmc^lft Brofi;!
SPONDYLUS.
Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus gilvus. Sponcl. testa SHblrifjono-ovatd, rnrfr
globosd, racliatim supKifivialiter lirnfn, Uris (jiialiiur
distantibus obsolete obtuse sqtmniatis ; it/fei/se Jlcid"-
rufd, versus mnbonem coceined.
The beick-colouued Spondylu.s, Shell somewhat
triangularly ovate, rudely globose, radiately superfi-
cially ridged, four distant ridges obsoletely obtusely
scaled ; deej) livid red, scarlet towards the umbo.
Hah. Guadaloupe.
A rude gibbous species, of a deep livid purplish-red,
almost denuded of sculpture beyond the traces of four row.^
of obtuse worn scales.
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus euinaceus. Sjjuud. testa gibboso-globosd .
mbaquivaled, radiatini temdUratd, Uris crenulatis,
costis quinqiie principalibus in utrd valvd, squamis
erectis palmatis irregularibus dense vwuilis ; r/i/ex-
cente-croced, squamis saturate rujis.
The hedgehog Spondylus. Shell gibbously globose,
nearly equivalve, radiately finely ridged, ridges erenu-
lated, with five principal ribs in both valves, beset
with irregular erect palmate scales ; ridges yellow,
scales darker red.
JIab. West Indies.
A nearly equivalve shell, of a peculiar reddish-saffron
colour, characterized on both sides with five rows of erect
reddish scales.
Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus ictericus. Spotid. testa obloiigo-omtd, valvd
iiiferiori valde coiivexd, superiori snbplanatd, radiatini
tenniliratd, Uris quatuor principalibus subdistanlibus,
sparsim squamatis ; croceo-rvfd, ad mnbonem maculatd.
The jaundiced Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, lower
valve deeply convex, upper valve nearly flat, radiately
finely ridged, four principal ridges rather distant,
sparsely scaled ; yellowish-red, spotted at the uinl)o.
Ilab. Bermuda.
Of a peculiar gamboge-red colour, with little indication
of sculpture.
Species 41. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Spondylus basilicus. Spond. testa suborbiculari, sub-
depressd, valvd superiori convexd, radiatim liratd et
strlofd, squamis frondosis profuse ornatd ; intense pur-
jmrasceute-rufd.
The princely Spondylus. Shell suborbicular, rather
depressed, up])cr valve convex, radiately ridged and
striated, profusely beset witii frondose scales ; deep
purple-red.
Hah. ?
This shell, which was
priiiceps, is well charact
growth,
spiues.
sidered to be a variety of 5'.
id by its depressly convex
by the peculiar frondose development of the
Sporuhln.s .Pl.Xn.
Vincent Brooks' Im];
SPONDYLUS.
Species 4)3. (Mus. Cuming.)
SpoNDVLUS HYSTKix. Sjioud. lestd ovatd, radiatim UraU'l
et striata, spinis curvaiis longiuseuUs undique dense
muricatd; parpurascente-carned, ad umbonem suhma-
ctdatd.
Thf. porcupine Spondylus. Sliell ovate, radiately
ridped and striated, densely prickled throughout
with rather long curved spines ; purplish flesh-colour,
slightly mottled at the umbo.
Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Armed as profusely with rather long curved spines as
.■?. aurantius, but uniformly distinguished amongst other
ciinracters by its peculiar purple flesh-colour.
Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus ocellatus. Spond. testa oblique ovatd, vakd
superiori planimculd, radiatim multistriatd, striis un-
dique acute muricatis ; alba, versus margineni rufes-
cente-cinered, prope iimboneiii ferrugineo-nigro ocel-
latu.
The eyed Spondylus. Shell obliquely ovate, upper
valve rather flat, radiately many-striated, stria; every-
where sharply prickled ; white, reddish-ash towards
the margin, ocellated with rusty-black near the
umbo.
Huh. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Of rather oblique growth, delicately sculptured through-
out with sharp erect prickles.
Species tt. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus coccineus. Spond. iestd oblique orhiculari,
tenuiculd, radiatim temdliratd et striatd, undique pro-
fuse muricatd; albd, versus marginem coccineo-pur-
purascente tinctd, ad umbonem maculis couspicue ra-
diutd.
The crimson-dyed Spondylus. Shell obliquely or-
bicular, rather thin, radiately finely ridged and stri-
ated, everywhere profusely prickled ; white, stained
with crimson-purple towards the margin, eouspicu-
ously rayed with spots from the umbo.
Lamarck, Anim. sans. vert. vol. vii. p. 18S.
Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cumiug.
A delicately prickled species, chiefly characterized by
its purple-stained and rayed painting.
Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus asperrimus. Spond. testd
plano-coHvexd, dense radiatim liratd, liris undique
aculeatis ; carneo-fuscd, aIbd,rvfo-maculatd prope um-
bonem, aculeis interdmn albidis.
The very rough Spondylus. Shell triangularly ovate,
flatly convex, densely radiately ridged, ridges every-
where sharply prickled ; flesh-brown, white, spotted
with red next the umbo, prickles sometimes whitish.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 87.
Hub. Philippine Islands ; Cumiug.
Very closely finely ridged throughout, the ridges being
copiously beset with sharp prickles.
SpcnMisJ'/.IIU.
rhf 3A a ]«li
^ftncent Brooks Irop
SPONDYLUS.
Plate XIII.
Species 46. (.Mus. Cuiuiiig.)
Spondyli's longitudinalis. Spoiid. testa oblongo-ovald,
crassi/iscuM, dense cosiaict et lirata, liris muricato-
spinosh, codis confertim rude sqnamatis, squamis erec-
tk, coticavis ; purpureo-nhldd, sqnmms pullidi s/ra-
rdiiieis.
The longitudinal Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate,
rather tliick, densely ribbed and ridged, ridges prickly
spined, ribs closely rudely scaled, scales erect., con-
cave ; purple-red, scales pale straw-colour.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. li)0.
Spond'i/lns 7nuUila»u'lhitm, Cheiiu.
Hab. West Indies.
It is impossible to determine which is the species La-
marck had in view for his S. longitudinaUs, either by his
description or reference to Chemnitz. The shell here
figured having been selected by INIr. Sowerby as the type
of S. longitudinalk, it may, in this state of uncertainty,
be fairly retained.
Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus castus. Spond. testa depresse ovatd, versus
nmljoncm sttbatteimatd, radiatim liratd et siriatd, liris
longis plano-depressis copiose armatis ; Candida, ma-
culisferrugineo-fuscisprope umhouem radiatim tinetd.
The chaste Spondylus. Shell depressly ovate, rather
attenuated towards the umbo, radiately ridged and
striated, ridges copiously armed with long slightly
depressed spines ; wiiite, stained near the umbo with
rays of rust-brown spots.
Ifa'j. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
A delicate profusely spined species, distinguished by
the thinly iiattened structure and depressed position of
the spines.
Species 48. (olim Mus. Sowerby.)
Spondylus fragilis. Spond. testa tenui, ovali, teiuiis-
sii/ie striaid, auricuUs panis ; sqnamis erectis, tenuis,
niat/erosis, palmatis, subdivisis 2>sr series sex pricipa-
libus, alternis minoribus, acideatis dispositis ; inters/ i-
tiis imbricatis ; colore paUidissinie fulvd, prope uni-
bonem macnlis fuscis interrtiptim radiato, ad interstiliis
piinctato, ad squamas roseo-tincto : imlrd inferiori
nculeatd, inter spinas scabrlcnld.
The fragile Spondylus. Shell thin, oval, very finely
striated, auricle small; scales erect, thin, numerous,
pahnated, subdivided in six principal rows, alter-
nately smaller, prickly ; interstices imbricated ; very
light fulvous, interruptedly rayed near the umbo with
brown spots, dotted at the interstices, stained with
rose at the scales ; lower valve jirickly, rough between
the spines.
SowEKBY, Thesaurus Conch, vol. i. p. 43(j.
Hah. ?
The accompanying figure is enlarged from a reduced
representation, in Sowerby's ' Thesaurus Conehyliorum,'
of a shell formerly in the collection of the late Mr. G. 15.
Sowerby, Sen. The description is also quoted from the
same work.
Fig. 31 /a (Mus. Cuming.)
A fine adult specimen of S.fiahellmn tigiu-ed at PI. \'i.
in a young state.
,S//i'/n/i///s./'/..]'/V.
Av del etliA
Vmcent Brocks Im],.
SPONDYLUS.
Plate XIV.
Species 49. (llus. Cuming.)
Spondylus spectrum. Sponcl. testa trigono-ovatd, irre-
gidari, radiatim tenuUiraid, liris aculeis tirevibus an-
fjidatis promisciie armatis ; alba, versus ntarginem
fused inter liras, circa umbonem nigra maculatd.
The spectre Spondylus. Shell triangularly ovate, ii-re-
!;ular, radiately finely ridged, ridges promiscuously
armed with short angular prickles ; white, brown
towards the margin between the ridges, spotted with
black ai-ound the umbo.
Hab. PhOippine Islands; Cuming.
Of a rude triangularly ovate form, rayed with fine
I'idges, beset throughout with short angular prickles,
which towards the margins become more dense and ap-
pressed one upon the other.
Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus Nicobaeicus. Sjjond. testa ocatd, concexo-
d^pressd, radiatim striata, aculeis erectis imdique ar-
mald ; alhd, purpureo-fusco partim tincld, circa um-
bonem maculis purpureo-iiigris radiatd.
The Nicobar Spondylus. Shell ovate, couvexly de-
pressed, radiately striated, beset throughout mth
erect prickles ; white, partially stained with purple-
brown, rayed with purple-black spots round the
umbo.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. pi. 45. f. 469, 470.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Covered throughout with short erect prickles, and
rayed iu a characteristic manner with purple-black spots.
Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus ramosus. Spoud. testa ovatd, siibdepressd,
subirregulari, radiatim tenuiliratd, liris spiuis ramosis
07-i/atis ; vivide croceo-aurantid.
The branched Spondylus. Shell ovate, rather de-
pressed, somewhat u-regidar, radiately finely ridged,
ridges ornamented with branched spiues ; bright
saffron-orange.
Hab. West Indies.
Chiefly distinguished by the elegantly branched growth
of most of the spines.
Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus radula. Spond. testd ovatd, radiatim tenui-
liratd, liris subdistantibus, iuterstitiis striatis, dense
promiscue ramoso-spinosd ; cariieo-albidd, purpureo-
rufo plus minus tincld .
The rasp Spondylus. Shell ovate, radiately finely
ridged, ridges rather distant, striated in the inter-
stices, densely promiscuously branch-spined ; flesh-
white, more or less stained with purple-red.
Hab. Tehuantepec, West Mexico ; Captain Dare.
The leading characteristic feature of this species is a
dense promiscuous covering of spines, some small and
prickly, others palmately branched.
May, 185(5.
Sprin/vUs-.H.B'.
SPONDYLUS.
Plate XV.
Spccif;s 53. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus setiger. Sponcl. iestd ovatd, coiivcxo-ile-
pressd, radiatim Virata, liris fortiter spinosis, spiiiii
valde irregularihus, subconcentrice disposiiis ; rubido-
f/iscd, circa nmbonerii albd, savguineo-macidatd.
The bristled Spondylus. Shell ovate, convexly de-
pressed, radiately ridged, ridges strongly spiucd,
very irregular, spines an-anged somewhat concen-
trically ; ruddy brown, white, blood-spotted, about
the umbo.
Hal). Philipi)iue Islands.
Of a peculiar ruddy brown colour, ornamented with
strong very irregular spines, ranged somewhat concentri-
cally.
Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus electrum. S^iond. tedd suborbiculari, con-
vexo-depressd, radiatim tenuilirald et striata, liris wn-
ricato-spinosit, spinis niinierosis, parvis ,• r/ifisce/ifc-
aurantid, spinis saturalioribus.
The amber Spondylus. Shell suborbicular, convexly
depressed, radiately finely ridged and striated, ridges
prickly spined, spines numerous, small; reddish-
orange, spines darker in colour.
Hab. V\est Indies.
k delicate conxexly depressed orbicular species, rayed
with very flue ridges of smaU prickly spines, the whol'
being of a semitransparent amber-orange colour.
Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus imbutus. Spond. testd suborbiculari, irregv-
lari, vix striata, rude aculeatd et squamatd, sqnamk
palmato-ramosis, d^presse curvotis ; intense purpurea-
r„fd.
The dyed Spondylus. Shell suborbicular, in-egular,
scarcely striated, rudely prickled and scaled, scales
palmately branched, depressly curved ; deep purple-
red.
Hab. ?
A shell of somewhat rude growth, of a deep burnt-red
colour, armed with a few fine prickles and palmately
branched scales, depressly bent forwards.
Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus cuneus. Spond. testd oblongo-ovatd, radia-
tim liratd et striata, liris snbconfertis, irregularibus,
widiqiie promiscue spinosis; purpureo-riifd.
The wedge Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, radiately
ridged and striated, ridges rather close-set, irregulai-,
promiscuously spined throughout ; purple-red.
Hab. West Indies.
Of a characteristic purple-red colour, beset rather closely
with irregularly spined ridges.
spcuMus. pim.
l.-''
SPONDYLUS.
Fig. 28 b. (Mus. Cuming.)
The very elegant shell here represented is a white va-
riety of S. iniperialis, in which the spines are unusually
elongated.
57. (Mus. Cuming.)
SpoNDYLUS viOLACEUS. Sjiotid. testd nubtrigono-ovatd,
solidiusculd, gibbosa, radiatim Uratd et striata, liris
spinis brevibm fortibtm subdistatitibus armatk ; nlbidd,
pttrpurascente-violaceo plus minus tinctd.
The violet Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly
ovate, rather solid, gibbous, radiately ridged and
striated, ridges armed with short strong rather dis-
tant spines; whitish, more or less tinged with purple-
violet.
Hab. ?
A rather solid gibbous Pecten-shaped shell, armed at
distant intervals with spines, peculiarly short and strong.
58. (Mus. Cuming.)
SroNDYLUs USTULATUS. 5^;oKf7. testd ovatd, densl radia-
tim Uratd, liris priiicipalibus plam-sqimmaiis, squamis
spatkulatis, tmmerosis, regularibus, liris intermediis
tenuispimsis ,• intense nstulato-riibidd, infra squamas
The burnt Spondylus. Shell ovate, densely radiately
ridged, the principal ridges flatly scaled, scales spa-
thulate, numerous, regular, intermediate ridges finely
spined ; rich burnt-red, white beneath the scales.
Ilab. Bermudas.
Chiefly distinguished by its regular rows of flat spa-
thulate scales, the shell being of a rich burnt-red colour,
except at the root of the scales, where it is white.
Species 59. (JIus. Cuming.)
Spondylus vexillum. Spond. testd subtrigono-ovatd,
planiuscttld, radiatim Uratd, liris distantibus, squa-
mis spathulatis armatd, interstitiis tenuistriatis, spar-
sitn. spinosis ; rufescente-spadiced, sangvineo circa uni-
bonem undnlatd.
The flag Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly
ovate, rather flat, radiately ridged, ridges distant,
armed with spathulate scales, interstices finely stri-
ated, sparsely spined ; reddish-fawn, waved with
blood-red round the umbo.
Hab.
Of a peculiar reddish-fawn tint of colour, rayed with
distant rows of spathulate scales, the interstices between
which are loosely set with prickly spines.
June, 1856.
Sprmhlu.s.Pl.XTff.
SPONDYLUS.
Species 60. (Miis. Cuming.)
Spondylus eubicundus. Sjjotid. testa oblowjo-omtd, ra-
diatim tenuiliratd, liris suhrudibus, acute spinosis,
spinis valde irrecjularih'UH, breviitscidis, curvntis ; vivide
coccineo-ruhrd.
The kouged Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, radiately
finely ridged, ridges somewhat rude, sharply spined,
spines very irregular, rather short, curved ; bri^lit
crimson red.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
Characterized by an oblong-ovate form, crowded with
rather small rude ridges, sparsely furnished with shcnt
irregular curved spines.
Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus fragum. Spond. testa ovatd, pectini/ormi,
radiatim liratd et striatd, liris spinosis, spinis forli-
bus, suberectis, striis eximie mwricatis ; fuscesce/i/t'-
rosed, veisus umboneni albidd, nigra cocciiieoqiie pmic-
tatd, spinis et aculeis albis.
The str.^wberey Spondylus. Shell ovate, pecteii-
shaped, radiately ridged and striated, ridges spined,
spines strong, rather erect, strife delicately prickled ;
brownish rose, whitish towards the umbo, dotted
with black and scarlet, spines and prickles white.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
Distinguished by a peculiar tone and pattern of colour-
ing, rayed with alternate rows of white spines and prickles.
Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus afpinis. Spond. testa subtriz/ouo-omtd, ra-
diatim costatd, cosiis subdistantibus, sr/immis lonyins-
culi.'i, promisc/ie contortis, arnw/is, iniersiifiis qidmiue-
seriatim mwricatis; ftiscescente-ptcrpiovd, circa kiu-
bonem rosea punctata, squamis albis.
The allied Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly
ovate, radiately ribbed, ribs rather distant, armed
with rather long promiscuously twisted scales, in-
terstices with five rows of prickles ; brownish-purple,
dotted with rose about the umbo, scales wbit-e.
flab. Phihppine Islands.
Tills species has very much the appearance of -S'. a/bt-
barbatus, the scales being similarly white upon a dark
ground, which in the present species has a more purple
tone, while the umbo is rose-spotted. The chief diiference
is in the more rudely angular form of this shell.
Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus aculeatus. Spond. testa oblongo-ovatd, valde
irreyulari, radiatim tenuistriatd, scfimnis rudibns
dense obsitd; purpurascente-rubrd, squamis albis.
The prickly Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, very ir-
regular, radiately finely striated, densely beset with
rude scales ; purple-red, scales white.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. p. 74. pi. 44. f. i6U
Hab. ?
Mr. Sowerby refers the shell here represented to tli(
above-cited figure of Chemnitz, but it does not agree with
it satisfactorily.
June, 1856.
H
SiMVLdciln.s riXllll
V'iiiwni. Brooss-Oav 5
SPONDYLUS.
Fig. -HO. (Mus. Cumin-.)
A variety of .5^. coccineus, showing the purple-rayc
painting and prickly margin.
Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus nux. Spond. testa sxihcjloJiom, quinqueUratd
et striata, liris squamatis, squamis late ramose sjiatJiii-
latis et foriiicatis ; saturate corallo-rubrd.
Thk nut Spondylus. Shell subglobose, five-ridged and
striated, ridges scaled, scales broadly ramosely spa-
f hulnte and vaulted ; deep coral-red.
Hah. ?
A small dark coral-red species, in which the scales, few
in number, are broadly ramosely spatbulate and elegantly
vaulted.
•Species 65. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; fig. b, Mus. Hanley.)
SpoNBYLUS MICKOLEPOS. Spoiul. testd ovatd, irregulari,
radiatim liratd et striatd, liris striisque gemmatis,
versus margiitem retu-se brevisquamatis ; vivide corallo-
rubrd.
The small-scaled Spondylus. Shell ovate, irregular,
radiately ridged and striated, ridges and strise beaded,
bluntly short-scaled towards the margin ; bright
coral-red.
Lamakck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 190.
Hab. China.
The radiating ridges and striae of this species are dis-
tinguished by a peculiar short-scaled blunt beaded sculp-
t\u-e, which differs from that of all other species of the
2,enus.
Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.)
•Spondylus Layakdi. Sjmiid. testa irigono-ovatu, irregu-
lari, radiatim dvim striata, vi.r liratd, sparsim mu-
ricato-squamatd ; iiitiiisi- purpurea, versus uuibouem
nll/idd.
Layard's Spondylus. Shell triangularly ovate, irre-
gular, radiately densely striated, scarcely ridged,
sparsely prickly scaled ; dark purple, whitish towards
the umbo.
Hah. Ceylon.
A dark purple species, of rather thin substance and
irregular growth, densely striated and sparsely prickly
scaled.
Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus tenellus. Spond. testd ovatd, radiatun
teuuiliratd, interstitiis minute striatis, liris eximii
brevisquamatis ; cocciueo-rufd, squamis pallidis.
The delicate Spondylus. Shell ovate, finely radiately
ridged, the interstices minutely striated, ridges deli-
cately shortly scaled ; scarlet-rose, scales pale.
Eab. ?
The sculpture of this species is of a characteristic mi-
nute pattern, and the colouriug of almost transparent de-
licacy.
Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.)
Spondylus dioitatus. Spond. testd late ovatd, radiatim
liratd, I Iris acideis tenuibm et squamis peculiariter
trifurcathu ramosis dense obsitis ; aurantio-mfd, squa-
mis interdum luteo-tinctis.
The fingered Spondylus. Shell broadly ovate, radi-
ately ridged, ridges densely beset with fine prickles
and peculiarly three-forked branched scales ; orange-
red, scales sometimes tinged with yellow.
SowEEBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 18-17, p. 87.
Hah. Bermudas; Belcher.
Remarkably distinguished from all other species of the
<;enus by the pretty three-forked termiuatiuu of the scales.
June, 1856.
SPONDYLUS.
aculeatus, Chemnllz
affiuis, Reeve
albibarbatus, Reeve
alhidus, Broderip . .
Amcricanus, Lamarck
arachuoides, Lamarck
aspirrimus, Sowerby
aui'antius, Lamarck
amcidaris, Lamarck
barbatus, Reeve . . .
basilieus, Reeve . . .
Butleri, Reeve ....
camurus, Reeve . . .
caudidus, Lamarck
castus, Reeve
ciliatus, Broderip . .
cocciueus, Lamarck
crassisquamatus, Lam;
croceus, Cliemnit:
Cumingii, Sowerhy
cuneus, Reeve . . .
Delemertll, Chenu
digitatus, Sowerby
ihdn.H^, Bi-oderip .
ducalis, CJiemnitz .
electrum. Reeve . .
erinaceus, Reeve .
flabellura, Reeve . .
foliaceus, Chemnitz
I'ragilis, Sowerby .
fragum, Reeve . . .
gilvus. Reeve ....
Gussoui, Costa . . .
gffidaropus, Linncevs
//erinaceus, Chenu
liystris, Reeve . . .
ictericus. Reeve . .
imbutus, Reeve .
imperialis, Chenu
Lamarckii, Chemi
Layardi, Reeve . .
leucacantba, Broderip
xvn.
XVIL
IX.
L
IV.
IV.
XII.
III.
IV.
IV
XI.
IV.
X.
VL
XIII.
I.
XIL
VI.
V.
X.
XV.
I.
XVIII.
VI.
VII.
XV.
XL
VI.
VII.
XIIL
XVII.
XI.
I.
in.
VIII
XII.
XL
XV.
VIIL
VIII.
XVIII.
IL
Plate
limbatus, Sotcerhy IX.
lingua-felis, Sowerby . VII.
lonyispina, Lamarck IV.
longitudiualis, Lamarck XIIL
microlepos, Lamarck XVIIL
minimus, Chemnitz I.
midtilamellatus, Clienu XIIL
mnltilamellatus, Lamarck .... VII.
multimuricatus, Reeve IV.
multisetosus, Reeve III.
muricatns, Chemnitz II.
mus, Reeve III.
Nicobaricus, Chemnitz XIV.
nudus, Chemnitz I.
nus, Reeve XVIIL
oceUatus, Reeve XII.
Pacificus, Reeve . I.
PetroseUnum, Sowerby VII.
pictor\im, Cliemnitz VI.
plurispiuosus, Reeve V.
princeps, Broderip II.
radula, Reeve XIV.
ramosus, Reeve XIV.
regius, Linnmis V.
rubicundus, Reeve XVIL
setiger, Reeve XV.
Sinensis, Sowerby II.
spatagus, Chemnitz VII.
spathdiferus, Lamarck VII.
spectrum, Reeve XIV.
tenebrosus, Reeve IX.
tenellus. Reeve XVIIL
tenuispinosus, Soioerby VI.
unicolor, Sowerby X.
ustulatus. Reeve XVI.
varians, Sowerby I.
variegatus, Cliemnitz II.
vexillum. Reeve XVI.
violaceus, Reeve X'V I.
virgincus, Reeve IX.
zonalis, Chenu VIII.
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
N E R 1 T I N A
■A- in .-I |H-r.|,l(Hl kwii>,mr^-S/„iL:si„:
%
Nmtina ,PI. I.
%
Sowa-fcj adetliA
"Vjucent Blocks Imp
NERITINA,
Ge
NERITINA, La
Testa subglobosa, ep'nJermide oiivaci'd plcniimpif iiidufii,
spird pared, lalerali, raro exsertd ; anfractibus nunc
lavilius, nunc spinis coronatis ; ared columellari plana,
sape perampld, wargine inlcgrn ; npiniiirdscmirotundd,
labro plus minus dlffuso, iiilrrdinii nlrinqiie dilaialo.
Operculum testaceum, seiniofalHiii, apjii'iullce laterall
acuta iuHiructum.
Shell subglobose, generally covered with an olive epider-
mis, spire small, lateral, seldom exserted ; whorls
sometimes smooth, sometimes coronated ; columellar
area flat, often rather large, entire at the margin ;
apertnre semicircnlar, lip more or less diffused, some-
times dilated on both sides. Operculum testaceous,
semiovate, furnished with a sharp lateral piece.
The NerltiucB, or Freshwater Nerites, are distinguished
from the Nerilcc proper, or Marine Nerites, chiefly by their
more gloomy aspect, thinner substance, and absence of
sculpture and of columellar teeth ; there are, nevertheless,
some species of extremely brilliant colouring, and some
characterized by a conspicuous variously developed crown
of spines. Considerable attention has been given to this
genus by M. llecluz, and by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jnu.,
both in his ' Conchological Illustrations ' and in bis ' The-
saurus Conchyliorum;' but the additions made to the species
from various sources during the last five years by Mr.
Cuming, have increased the number one-half, and rendered
a further monograph desirable.
The NerUiiue are chiefly inhabitants of the Old World,
ranging from our own continent and islands through the
islands of the Pacific and Eastern Seas to Australia and
New Zealand. In the New hemisphere the genus is re-
presented mainly in the streams of the West Indies aud
Central America.
Species 1. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neeitina canalis. Ner. testa oblongo-ovatd, subtus con-
cavo-depressd, spird parvd, fere occultd, arifractibus
convexis, angustis, ared columellari perampld, ad latus
cunaliculald ; caruleo-nigrd, ared columellari san-
guineo tiitctd.
The channelled Neritina. Shell oblong ovate, con-
cavely dejiressed beneath, spire small, almost hidden,
whorls convex, narrow, columellar area very large,
channelled at the side ; blue-blaek% columellar area
blood-stained.
SowEKBY, Tankerville Catalogue, p. U, no. 1094.
llab. Tahiti (on stones in a rivulet) ; Cuming.
Of a compressly expanded form, with a very large coin
mellar area more or less stained with blood-red.
Species i. (Fig. u, h, JIus. Cuming.)
Neeitina olivacea. Ner. testd oblongo-ovatd, subgib-
bosd, solidd, spird convexo-pland, fere obsoletd, aufrac-
tibus rotundatis, promiscue concentrice striatis, area
columellari latiusculd, declivi, mbcallosd ; sordidi
olioaced, ared columellari carulescente-albd.
The olive Neeitina. Shell oblong ovate, rather gib-
bous, solid, spire convexly flattened, almost obsolete,
whorls rounded, promiscuously concentrically striated,
columellar area rather broad, slanting, somewhat cal-
lous ; dark olive, columellar area bluish-white.
Le Guillou, Revue Zool. Cuvierienne, 18U, p. 3I+.
Ner i la sol Ida., Recluz.
Hub. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stones in a rapid
river) ; Cuming.
Chiefly distinguished by its gibbous, solid, oblong form,
the spire being almost obsolete.
Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina labiosa. Ner. festd orato-globosd, spird parvd,
impressd, anfrarlihtix com-i'.rix, riiiiuso-slriiilis, prope
spirum contradi^, nr-^ii'i npninniui ruliiiidido-ex-
pansis, ared cohihiilhiri luupld, lull: rxfarutii ; oliva-
ceo-pi.ridi, lineis ft in-aciilis nigris jiivtd, iulus san-
guineo tinctd.
The full-lipped Neritina. Shell ovately globose,
spire small, impressed, whorls convex, roughly stri-
ated, contracted near the spire, towards the aperture
rotundately expanded, columellar area large, broadly
excavated ; olive-green, painted with black lines and
spots, interior tinged with blood-red.
Sowerby, Conch. Illustrations, f. 48.
Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stones in a rapid
river) ; Cuming.
This fine species, first collected in the Philippine lsla^d^
by ]Mr. Cuming, is chiefly distinguished by its bold circu-
larly expanded aperture.
NERITINA.— Plate I.
Spt-cifb i. (i'ig. a, i, Mas. Cuming.)
Nbritina squamapicta. Ner. tedd ohlongo-ovatd, avb-
tns concavo-exjjumd, solidd, spirdfere obsoletd, anfrac-
libus convejck, coucenlrice Jltxuose striatis, superit}
leciter imjiressis, ared columellari ampld, ad lattts
cmialiculatd ; oUvaceo-liited, nigro tcnm reiicidatd,
obscure fasciatd.
The scale-painted Nekitina. Shell oblong-ovate,
concavely expanded beuealh, solid, spire almost obso-
lete, whorls couvex, concentrically flexuously striated,
faintly impressed round the upper part, columellar
area large, channelled at the side ; olive-yellow, finely
reticulated with black, obscurely banded.
Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10, p. 513.
Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stones in a rapid
river) ; Cuming.
Of a more compressed solid growth than tlie preceding
species, painted with a fine network.
Species 5. (i'ig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Newtina bicolor. Ner. tedd mbconico-oblorujd, crassd,
spird ohtml exserld, eroad, anfraciibm supertie cou-
cavo-impressis, deinde convexis, suirude plicato-drialis,
ared columellari subangudd, declivi ; virescente-olwa-
ced, munaculatd, inliis ccerulescente-albd.
The two-coloured Neritina. Shell somewhat coni-
cally oblong, thick, spii'e obtusely exserted, eroded,
whorls concavely impressed round the upper part,
then convex, somewhat rudely plicately striated, colu-
meUar area rather narrow, slanting ; greenish-olive,
unspotted, interior bluish-white.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1843, p. 300.
Ilab. Island of Luzon (on stones in a mountain stream) ;
Cuming.
The whorls of this species are faintly concavely impressed
round the upper part, and rather rudely flexuously striated
across.
NtTiiwa. VI. U.
%
Sowaiv ad-etlth
A^Ticent BrodiS In
NERITINA
Species 6. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Knokri. Ner. tedd ovatd, solidkiscula, spmi
plano-mpressd, p/ir.s minus erosd, anfraclibiis subaii-
gustk, concentrice slrlatis, labro miperne subauricidalo,
area columellarl lata, ampld; liUesce)ite-olivaced, vu-
dato-nigro fasciatim variegatd, labro intus aurautio-
rufo, area columellari nigricante-caruled.
Knorr's Neritina. Shell ovate, rather solid, spire
flatly impressed, more or less eroded, whorls rather
narrow, coucentrically striated, lip slightly auricii-
lated at the u]iper part, columellar area broad, flat ;
yellowish-olive, variegated with bands of black waves,
lip orange-red within, columellar area blackish-bluc.
Eecluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, ISil, p. 274.
Hab. Madagascar.
Distinguished as in N. jmlligera by the charactcri.stic
smoky blue-black colour of the columellar area and orange-
red interior, but less expanded in form.
Species 7. (.Fig. a, b, Mu.s. Cuming.)
Neritina cornea. Ner. tesld ovatd, spird mbexnertn,
aiifractibns convexis, spiraliter superJicialUer sulcatis,
ared columellari snbangustd ; nigrd, sordide luteo ma-
culatd et fmciatd, ared columellari superne i/ifci/se
nigrd, niteiite.
The hoeny Neritina. Shell ovate, spire slightly ex-
serted, whorls convex, spirally superficially grooved,
columellar area rather narrow ; black, banded and
sprinkled with dark yellowish spots, columellar area
intensely black at the upper part, shining.
Nerita cornea, LinniEus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1258.
Neritina amphibia, Lesson.
Ilab. Philippine Islands.
This characteristic dull orange-blotched species was
found by Mr. Cuming in the above-named locality,
eighteen feet high upon Palms, a quarter of a mile from
any river.
Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Pktitii. Ner. testa orbiculari-omitd, subglo-
bosd, spird obtasi- planatd, anfractibus convexis, versus
aperluram latioribus, concentrice irregulariter striatis,
spiraliter obsolete impresso-Uneatis, aperturd expansd.
ared col mnellari concavo-pland ; intense brunneo-nigrd,
labro et ared columellari intense sangitineis.
Petit's Neritina. Shell orbicularly ovate, subglobose,
spire obtusely flattened, whorls convex, broader to-
wards the aperture, concentrically irregularly striated,
spirally obsoletely impressly lineated, aperture ex-
panded, columellar area concavely flattened; dark
brown-black, lip and columellar area deep blood-
stained.
Eecluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 18-il, p. 373.
Ilab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines (on stones in a
deep river) ; Cuming.
Well distinguished by its fine expanded globose form,
with ruddy blood-stained lip and columellar area.
Species 9. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina pulligera. Ner. tesld orbiculari-ovatd, sub-
(Iprcssd, spird concavo-impressd, anfractibus convexis,
versus aperluram latioribus, concentrice rugoso-stria-
tis, aperturd ctpansd, labro superne acute aurieulato,
ared columellari leviter concavd ; aperturd carules-
cente, labro intus aurantio-rvfo, ared colmnellari nigro-
cirrnled.
Tee dusky Neritina. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather
depressed, spire concavely impressed, whorls convex,
broader towards the aperture, concentrically roughly
striated, aperture expanded, lip shaq)ly auriculated
at the upper part, cnlumellar area slightly concave ;
aperture bluish, lip orange-red within, columellar area
black-blue.
Nerila pulligera, Linnfeus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p.
1353.
Nerita rubella, Muller.
Hab. Molucca and Philippine Islands.
This fine species is chiefly distinguished by its broad
openly expanded aperture, and the peculiarity of colouring
noted in speaking of N. Knorri.
Species 10. (Fig. ,/, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina subsulcata. Ner. testd suboblongo-ovatd, sub-
■oentricosd, spird obtusd, anfractibus superne concavi-
usculis, sulcatis, sulcis fere obsoletis, ared colmnellari
NERITINA.— Plate II.
subangustd ; sordide olivaced, area colmnellari carideo-
albd, mperne nigro-nebulatd.
The faintly grooved Neeitina. Shell rather oblong-
ovate, somewhat ventricose, spire obtuse, whorls
slightly eoncave round the upper part, faintty
grooved, grooves almost obsolete, columellar area
rather narrow; dull olive, columellar area bluish-
white, clouded with black at the upper part.
SowERBV, Conch. Illustrations, Xeritinn, f. 50.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
Of a uniform dull olive-colour, correctly distinguished
by Mr. Sowerby, Jun., in his ' Conchological Illustra-
tions,' but confounded subsequently in his ' Thcsaunis '
with N. cornea, from which it differs iraporlantly in
form.
^'^ilula flJJI.
'•\
;■
NERITINA.
Plate III.
Species 11. (Fig. a, I/, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Beckii. Nir. testa depresso-ovatd, subtus cou-
caviusculd, spird plano-bnpressa, anfractibits coiiceu-
trice irregulariter striatis, area columellari Icn'ujald ,■
nigra, lahro bitiis aurantio-rufo, area columellari
fumeo-Uvidd.
Beck's Neritina. Shell depressly ovate, rather cou-
cave beneath, sph'e flatly impressed, whorls concen-
trically ii'regidarly striated, columellar area smooth ;
black, lip orange-red within, columeUar area smoky
livid.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuviericune, 184.1, p. 275.
Hab. ?
Scarcely distinguishable from varieties of N. indUc/era,
and of somewhat doubtful specific value.
Species 13. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina IMakcuionata. Ner. testa depresso-orbicidari,
tenuicidd, spird siibe.vsertd, anJ'ractUms convexis, jiixla
spirau conciiBo-imjiressis, aperturd suhexpansd, area
columellari margine vuriuti denticulatd ; nigra, sapis-
siwi luteo consjiicue undulatd.
The ]\lAKauESAS Neritina. Shell depressly orbicular,
rather thin, spire slightly exserted, whorls conve.x,
coucavely impressed next the spii-e, aperture rather
expanded, columeUar area rather narrow, minutely
toothed at the edge ; black, mostly conspicuously
waved with yellow.
Hab. Marquesas Islands.
A light elegantly convoluted sjiocies, with the whorls
impressly concave next the spii-c, with the columella nar-
row and minutely toothed at the edge, and the aperture
rather expanded. The yellow waved marking is some-
times boldly zigzag, sometimes minutely freckled.
Species 13. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
N ERITINA latissima. Ner. testa depresso-ylobosd, utrinqite
latissime alatd, spird pared, distinctd, anfractibus ro-
tundatis, juxta spirant impresso-concavis, lavigatis,
subplicato-corrngatd, aperturd expausd, labro utriiique
peciiliariter dilatato, area columellari latd, convexius-
ctdd; olivaced, maculis minutis luteis idgro-imbratis
deme lentiginosd, area columellari carulescente, carneo-
tiuetd.
The very broad Neritina. Shell depressly globose,
very broadly winged ou each side, spire small, dis-
tinct, whorls rounded, impressly concave next the
spire, smooth, somewhat plicately wrinkled, aperture
expanded, lip peculiarly dilated on each side, colu-
mellar area broad, rather convex; olive, densely
speckled with minute dark shaded yellow spots, co-
lumeUar area bluish, flesh-tinged.
Buodeeip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 300.
Hab. Real Llejos (adhering to fluviatile rocks) ; ( fuming.
This very remarkable species is distinguished from all
others of the genus by the prolonged wing-like dilatation
on each side of the lip.
Species 14. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina intermedia. Ner. testd subglobosd, iutcrdnm
tumidiusculd, spird subexsertd, rude convoluld, aiifrar-
libus conve.m, interdum pUcato-corrugatis, aiwrturd
late expamd, ared colnmellari latd, convexiusculd ;
ulivaceo-fused, luteo dense lentiginmd.
The intermediate Neritina. Shell subglobosc, some-
times rather swollen, spire a little exserted, rudely
convoluted, whorls convex, sometimes plicately
wrinkled, aperture broadly expanded, columellar area
broad, faintly convex ; olive-brown, densely freckled
with yellow.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 201.
Eadcm var. N. globosa, Broderip.
Hab. Central America (found abundantly on stones in a
mountain stream in the Isle of Lions, Bay of Mon-
tejo) ; Cuming.
Very like N. hUissima, despoiled of the winged dilata-
tion of the lip, but specifically distinguished in having the
spire more rudely convoluted.
Species 15. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina dolium. Ner. testd subanguste globosa, so-
lidd, spird obtusd, vix exsertd, anfractibus superue
concavo-declivibus, delude convexis, ared columellari
submigustd ; oUvaceo-nigrd.
The tdn Neritina. Shell rather narrowly globose, solid,
spire obtuse, scarcely exserted, whorls concavely
slanting round the upper part, then convex, colu-
mellar area rather narrow ; olive-black.
Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Beneoonet, Sumatra (in a muildy stream) ; Cuming.
A solid, obtuse, smooth, olive-black shell, impressly
concave beneath the sutures.
October, 1855.
NcriUiKt ,Pl.iy.
\ ^\
M
f^
NERITINA.
Species 16. (Fig. a, h, Miis. Cumiug.)
Neritina Macgillivkayi. Ner. testa ilepresso-auriformi,
siilitii.s concavd, spird suliexsertd, plemmqne plus ndniis
erosd, anfractihus convexis, lavigatis, aferturd fere
circulari, expansd, area colnmellari latissimd ; oliva-
ceo-niffrd, aperiurd caridescenie, ared columellari
wiujidneo-tinctd.
Macgillivray's Neritina. Shell depressly ear-shaped,
concave beneath, spire rathei- exserted, generally
more or less eroded, whorls convex, smooth, aperture
nearly circular, expanded, columeUar area very broad ;
olive-black, aperture blue, columellar area blood-
stained.
Hah. Port Carteret, Solomon's Island.
An elegant ear-shaped light depressed species, with a
broad expanded bluish aperture and large blood-tinged
columellar area.
Species 17. (Fig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina ovalis. Ner. testa depresso-ovali, tcniiicidd,
spird suban(/uste productd, vix exsertd, anfractihus spi-
raliter striatis, apc7'fiird sut/expansd, ared columellari
latissimd; nigra, aperturd ceerulescente, area colu-
mellari sanguineo-tinctd.
The oval Neritina. Shell depressly oval, rather thin,
spire rather narrowly produced, scarcely exserted,
whorls spirally striated, aperture rather expanded,
columellar area very broad ; black, aperture bluish,
columellar area blood-tinged.
Soweuby, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, p. ."jO?.
Hab. Tahiti.
Very like the preceding species, but narrower in form,
with the spire more centrally produced.
Species 18. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina granosa. Ner. testa oblique trigono-ovatd,
depressissimd, utrinque dilatato-alatd, spird fere ohso-
letd, granuMs amplis tumidis dense sculptd, ared colu-
mellari latissimd, convexiusculd ; nigra, intus cmruleo
marmoratd, ared colmnellari snperne sangnineo-tinctd.
The grained Neritina. Shell obliquely triangularly
ovate, very depressed, dilately winged on each side,
spire almost obsolete, densely sculptured throughout
with large swollen granules, columellar area very
broad, rather convex; black, interior blue-mottled,
columellar area blood-tinged at the upper part.
SowERUY, Tankcrville Catalogue, App. p. xi.
Neritina papillosa. Jay.
Rah. Sandwich Islands.
This fine depressly winged species is distinguished frc
all olhers by its characteristic sculpture of swollen gi
Species 19. (Fig. n, b, ilus. Cuming.)
Neritina piperina. Ner. testa globosd, soliditisculd,
spird obtuse planald, anfractibus supenie leviter con-
cavo-impressis, delude rotmulatis, lavigatis aut con-
centrice striatis, apertnrd semioirculari, ared colu-
mellari subangnstd, margine minwtissime dsnticidatd ;
olivaceo-lnted, macidis nigris trigoiiis nndique tessel-
laid, ared columellari carneo-anranlid,.
The pepper Neritina. Shell globose, rather solid, spii-e
obtusely flattened, whorls slightly coneavely im-
pressed at the upper part, then rounded, smooth, or
concentrically striated, aperture semicircidar, colu-
mellar area rather narrow, very minutely toothed at
the ridge ; olive-yellow, tessellated throughout with
triangular black spots, columellar area flesh-orange.
Nerita piperina, Chemnitz, vol. xi. p. 173. pi. 197. f.
1905, 1906.
Uah. ?
A solid globose species, peculiarly characterized by a
neat tessellated pattern of triangular black spots upon an
olive-yellow ground, while the columellar area and interior
are of a pale salmon-colom-.
Species 30. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.)
Neritina Californic a. Ner. testd ovatd, temdculd, infra
concavd, spird subangustc' productd, apice obtuse pla-
natd, anfractibus Itsvigatis, aperturd expansd, ared
coluvtellari concavo-planatd, latiusculd; nigra, intus
cceruled, area columellari intense sanguined.
The Californian Neritina. Shell ovate, rather thin,
concave beneath, spire rather nai-rowly produced, ob-
tusely flattened at the apex, whorls smooth, aperture
expanded, columellar area coneavely flattened, rather
broad; black, blue witliin, columeUar area deep
blood-stained.
Hab. Gulf of California.
This appears to be distinct from any of its congeners in
form, while the deep-toned colouring is chai'acteristic.
October, 1855
y
ynilina . PI Y.
^^K
^^^v
#
NERITINA.
Species 21. (Fig. a, h, c, Mas. Cuming.)
Neritina longispina. Ni'i: tf-itd siibyWmd, spird plm
iuiiiiis exserid, atifmctihiis supcnti: coiicavo-di'duHbiis,
delude spiiiis longissunk seriatim coroiiatis, aperturd
expai/sd, rnnrf/iue jit.tta spinas siuitato vel cmaftjinalo,
an'd cuhtmcllari suhaiu/nstd ; iidcnsii ni/jrd, an-d colii-
mi'Uan iulerdtim puUidii sanrjuinco-thtctd.
The long-spined Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire
more or less exserted, whorls concavely slanting at
the upper part, then coronated with a row of very
long spines, apertiu'e expanded, simiated or notched
at the edge next the spines, columellar area rather
narrow ; intense black, columellar area sometimes
faintly blood-tinged.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1S41, p. 313.
Nerita corona, Chemnitz (not of Linnanis).
llab. Island of Rodriguez (on stones in small streams) ;
Hinds.
This very remarkable shell, described by Chemnitz and
Lamarck as the Linna3an Nerita corona, is fully proved by
the specimens of the author of the ' Systcnia Natura-,' in
the possession of the Linnrean Society, to belong to an-
other species.
Species 33. (Fig. a, i, JIus. Cuming.)
Neeitina diadema. Ner. testd snlMjlohosd, tmuicidd,
spird ahhreriato-tmritd, anfrucliljus siipernii concavis,
deinde anfjulatis, ad anijiduufortilcr spinosis, obliqw
corrugato-siriatis vel lavibits, area columellari siib-
auyustd, subveriicali, marijine deidicidatd ; corneo-
brmnu'd rd nigricante, interdi/m :onidis ani/nsiis lideis
clnijidaid.
The diadem Neritina. Shell subglobose, rather thin,
spire shortly tun-eted, whorls concave round the
upper part, then angled, strongly spined at the angle,
obliquely wrinkle-striated, or smooth, columellar area
rather narrow, nearly vertical, finely toothed at the
edge ; horny-brown or blackish, sometimes encircled
with narrow yellow zones.
Reclifz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1841, p. 277-
Ilab. Philippine Islands (on stones in small streams) ;
Cuming.
Of a horny-brown or black, sometimes ycllow-zoued,
wrinkle-striated or smooth, coronated with strong re-
cm'ved spires.
Species 23. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina obscdrata. Ner. testd ylobosd, sotidinscnld,
spird obhisi depressd, anfractibns superni I'lcetiribus,
deinde seriatim brevispinosis, undiipie lomjilndintditcr
corrwjatia, aperturd snbcirctdari, area columellari sub-
anffustis, marffine arciiatd; fusco-rdgrd vel olivaced,
nigro-:onatd.
The obscure Neritina. Shell globose, rather solid,
spire obtusely depressed, whorls slanting round the
upper part, then short-spined, everywhere longitudi-
ually wrinkled, aperture somewhat cu-cular, colu-
mellar ai-ea rather narrow, arched at the edge;
brown-black or olive, black-banded.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1842, p. 183.
Ilab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming.
Of rather solid globose foi-m, with a wrinkled surface,
crowned with short irregular spines.
Species 24. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina subgranosa. Ner. testd globosd, spird ub-
hreriato-turrild, interdmu rude obtusd, anfractibus
superii!} iiiigidatis. nunc hivihiis, nunc angulatis et
spinosis, J'nrliti'r enrn'gidn-xl riatis, snbgranosis, area
columellari m/gnstd, iidi-rdm.i expansd ; vireseente-
ol.ivaccd.
The GiiANULATED Neritina. Shell globose, spire shortly
turreted, sometimes rudely obtuse, whorls angled
round the u]Dper part, now smooth, now angled and
spined, strongly wrinkle-striated, granulated, colu-
mellar area narrow, sometimes expanded ; greenish-
olive.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1841, p. oil).
Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Of this subgrained wrinkle-striated specimen Mr.
Cuming possesses specimens, as illustrated in the accom-
panying Plate, convoluted into a smooth, obtuse, rudely-
constructed spiral, as weU as into one concavely turreted
and spined. They present little or no variation of coloiii-,
all being of a uniform greenish-olive.
October, 18.5 .5.
ymtiiia .Pl.VI.
(^
W
#
w
XI)
0
iNERITINA.
Plate VI.
Species 25. (Fig. n, h, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Neeitina Donovan a. Nt'i-. testa suhglohosd,.'ijnrd ohlime
exsertd, mij'i-avl'ihiix xiipcrm' iln-l'iriliiia, dehide aiiijii-
latis, ad aiiijuliiiii npinis i-nrralis disluiiiiluis coronatls,
tenuUer cornyalu-drkUis, and coluMtilarl augustd,
iasin versus arcicatim sulcata, margiue minute graim-
latd; oUvaceo-liited, nigro strigatd ant subtlUler re-
tiridatd.
Donovan's Neritina. Shell subglohoso, spire obtusely
exscrted, whorls slanting round the upper part, then
angled, coronated at the angle with ciu'ved distant
spines, finely wrinkle-striated, columellar area nar-
row, grooved in an arch towards the base, minutely
granuled at the edge ; olive-yellow, streaked or finely
reticulated with black.
Uecluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conchylioruni. part Id. ]).
53(5. pi. 110. f. 39, 40.
H'lli. Island of Guimaras, Philippines (on stones in a
small rivulet) ; Cuming.
Distinguished by its very neatly reticulated pattern of
streaked markings, and by a small arched groove at the
basal end of the columellar area.
Species 26. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.)
Neritina subpunctata. Ner. lestd globosd, erased,
■sulidd, spird obtuse plauatd, unfraciibus supenie de-
c/ivibus, dei/tde obtuse ai/gulatis ef rotundatls, longi-
f/idinaliter snbrudi' plicuto-slriails, aperturd subex-
pansd, area coluiiiellari coiicavo-declivi ; olivaced,
striis siiboc/iraceis, interstltiis subpunclatis.
The faintly-dotted Neeitina. Shell globose, thick,
solid, spire obtusely flattened, whorls slanting round
the upper part, then obtusely angled and rounded,
longitudinally rather rudely plicately striated, aper-
ture slightly expanded, columellar area concavely
slanting ; olive, stri.e yellowish, interstices faintly
dotted.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soo. 1813, p. 199.
Hub. Province of Xorth Ilocos, Island of Luzon, Philip-
pines (in a small mountain stream) ; Cuming.
A solid shell, of somewhat rude obtuse structure, longi-
tudinally plicately striated, the interstices being profusely
faintly dotted with colouring matter.
Species 27. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Cuming.)
Neeitina corona. Ner. tesld snbglobosd, spird vix ex-
sertd, arij'ractibns superii^ coneavo-declivibus, superficie
corrngato-striatd, deiiide augnlatis, ad angulwni spiuis
snbdistantibus eoronatis, infra convexis, lavigatis, area
columellari subaiigustd ; nigra vel olivaced, luteo vurie
fasciatd et ptinciatd.
The ceown Neeitina. Shell snbglobose, spire scarcely
exscrted, whorls concavely slanting at the upper
part, with the surface wrinkle-striated, then angled,
crowned with rather distant spines at the angle,
below convex, smooth, columellar area rather naiTow ;
black or olive, variously banded and speckled with
yellow.
Nerita corona, Linnreus, Sy.st. Nat. (13th edit.) p. 1352.
Neritina brnnspina, pars, Lamarck.
Neritina tnontacuta, Eecluz.
Hah. Island of Burias, Philippines (on stones in rivulets) ;
Mostly of a dark olive or sombre brown, variously
painted with yellow, now in bands, now in dots or splashed
speckles.
Species 28. (Mns. Cuming.)
Neeitina beevispina. Ner. testa snbglobosd, spira cix
exsertd, obtusd, anfractibns svperne plano-decUvibus,
deinde angulatis, spinis ad angulnw eoronatis, uudique
conspicne corrugato-striatis, area colmnellari suhan-
gustd, coHcaw-declii-i; olivaced,fusco pins viiniis tinctd.
The siioRT-spiNED Neeitina. Shell subgloljose, spire
scarcely exscrted, obtuse, whorls flatly slanting at
the upper part, then angled, coronated with spines
at the angle, everywhere conspicuously wrinkle-stri-
ated, columellar area rather narrow, concavely slant-
ing ; olive, more or less brown-tinged.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 572.
Nerita corona anstralis, Chemnitz.
Clillion variabilis, Lesson.
Ilab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Of smaller .size than the preceding species, conspicu-
ously wrinkle-striated throughout.
October, 1S55.
Xmliiui .PL m.
#
^
#^.-
#
\iiK8m. Btooki Imp
NERITINA.
Plate VII.
Species 29. (Figs. 29, 32, and 33, Mus. Cumiug.)
Nekitina zigzag. N'er. testa oblonyo-ylobosd, spird siii-
promimdd, mifractihus superue dedixibus, deiiide con-
vexis, laviffatis, area columdlari mbangHstd, marybie
nd>/ii(e denticidatd, apertiird mhangmtd ; oUcaceo-
nlgrd, macuUs Ittteis trigonii vel strigis tmdatis nUkle
picta.
The zigzag Nekitixa. Shell oblong-globose, spire
rather prominent, whorls slanting at the upper part,
then convex, smooth, columellar area rather narrow,
minutely toothed at the edge, aperture rather small ;
olive-black, neatly painted with triangular yellow
spots or zigzag streaks.
Lamakck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 570.
Hab. Pacific and Pldlippine Islands ; Cuming.
The shells represented at Figs. 29, 32, and 33 of the
accompanying Plate illustrate three characteristic varieties
of this species.
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
Neeitina plumb e a. Ner. teatd subglobosd, tumidimcnld,
spird acnmhiato-productd, anfractibtm siiperne con-
cavo-dedivibus, conceatrice tortnoxo-striatis, area co-
lumellari suhangnsid, h/iuitlu nidi dodkulald ; oU-
vaceo-plumbed, immamlatd.
The leaden Neritina. Shell subglobose, rather
swollen, spire acuminately produced, whorls con-
cavely slanting round the upper part, concentrically
tortuously striated, columellar area rather narrow,
minutely rudely toothed ; olive - lead colour, un-
spotted.
Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 538.
pi. 112. f. 119 and 120.
Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cimiiug.
Of a imiform dull leaden-olive colour, rather
slanting round the upper part of the whorls.
sly
Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina tuurita. Nvr. testd oblongo-globusd, tumidi-
vsculd, spird acumii/afd, anfradihux .siiporne di-clivi-
bus, deiitde convexis, Itcmgatis, area columdlari twiuidd,
margine miu/ite rude deiiticulald, tiperturd mbex-
pansd; nigra, olivaceo-luteo longitiidimdikr drigutd,
area columdlari palUde cameold.
The tukreted Neritina. Shell oblong-globose, rather
swollen, spire acuminated, whorls slanting round the
upper part, then convex, smooth, columellar area
swollen, minutely rudely denticulated at the edge,
apertui-e rather expanded ; black, longitudinally
streaked with orange -yellow, columellar area ])ale
carnelion.
Nerita turrita, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ix. part 3.
p. 71. pi. 12-i. f. 1085.
Neritina strigiUala, Lamarck.
Neritiua Boi/ssiaiia, liecluz.
Hab. Madagascar.
Distinguished chiefly from N. zebra by its oblong tiir-
reted form.
October, 1855.
Xiiitimi .Fl.m.
tJ
#
Vincent Brooks Imp
NERITINA.
Plate VIII.
Species 34. (Tig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina eeclivata. Ner. testa, /jloboso-conoidca, tu-
Midd, soUdd, spird olitmd, sidijjroductd, aufmctibits
concavo-declwihits, turn rolundutk, area colnmdlari
tmiiidd ; li/icis oUvaceo-nlgm iindiqiti' (/eiisissime
pictd.
The bulging Neuitina. Shell globosely conoid, swoUen,
solid, spire obtuse, rather produced, vvliorls concavely
slanting round the upper part, rounded at the base,
columellar area swollen; very densely painted through-
out with olive-black lines.
Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pluladelphia, vol. ii. p. 3.57.
Hub. Jlexico.
This peculiar conically bulging species is painted longi-
tudinally with fine olive-black lines, so densely as to give
the appearance of a uniform tint.
Species 35. (Fig. a, b, j\[us. Cuming.)
Neritina circumvoluta. Ner. lestd suborbicu/ari,
spird obtuse iii/pressd, anfractibus convexis, plicato-
corruffaiis, dei.iule Itni/jatu, area volmnellari acute
declivi; olimceo-li'ted, fasciis duatms nir/ris distan-
tibifs cingidatd.
The encircled Neritina. Shell suborbicular, spu-e
obtusely impressed, whorls convex, plicately wu-inkled
round the upper part, then smooth, columellar area
sharply slanting ; olive-yellow, encircled with two
distant black bands.
Eecluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 537.
pi. 115. f. 203, 203.
Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines (on stones in a moun-
tain stream) ; Cuming.
An obtuse orbicidar shell, encircled with two charac-
teristic uarrow black bauds.
Species 36. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina semiconica. Ner. testa oblongo-fjlohosd, spird
subobtuse couicd, anfractibus concavo-hnpressis, deiiule
convexis, Icevigalis, area cohmiellari sabangustd, cal-
losd, margine minute denticulatd ; lutescente-olivaced,
maculis nigris quadratis sparsim fasciatd, area colu-
mellari carneold.
The semiconical Neritina. SheU oblong-globose,
spire rather obtusely conical, whorls concavely im-
pressed round the upper part, then convex, smooth,
columellar area rather narrow, callous, minutely den-
ticulated at the edge ; yellowish-olive, sparingly
banded with square black blotches, columellar area
carnelioa.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 574.
Hub. Banks of the Gauges, Calcutta.
The spots of this species, usually of an obliquely square
form, sometimes flow longitudinally into each other.
Species 37. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Caffra. Ner. testa glohoso-couoided, solidd,
spird obtuse productd, anfractiljus superne co/icavo-
impressis, deiiide convexis, ttevigatis, area cohmiellari
luliiiscidd, callosd, aperticrd subcontnictd i oli.mceo-
aird.
The Caffre Neritina. Shell globosely conoid, solid,
spire obtusely produced, whorls concavely impressed
round the upper part, then convex, smooth, colu-
mellar area rather broad, callous, aperture rather
contracted ; olive-black.
Gray, Wood, Index Test. Supp. pi. 8. f. 10.
Hub. Mauritius.
An intensely dark oljtusely conoid species, of somewhat
rude growth.
Species 38. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Crepidclaria. Ner. testa ovatd, Crepidula-
foridi, spird antice intortd, subtm concavo-planatd,
area colmnellari latissima, margine integro, undiqm
expanso, aperturd parvd; olivaced, aperturd et area
colmneUuri intense carneolis.
The Crei'idiila-like Neritina. Shell ovate, Crepidula-
shaped, spire twisted inwards anteriorly, concavely
flattened beneath, columellar area very broad, with
margin entire, expanded throughout, aperture small ;
olive, aperture and columellar area deep earnelion.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 572.
Clithon C'repidiilaria, Lesson.
Neritina Touranensis, Souleyet.
Neritina nielanostoma, Trosehel.
Ilab. Ceylon, Bengal.
Distinguislied from aU other species by its Crcpidula-
like plan of convolution.
yaitiiw ,TI II.
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i&.vTit &ot3:s Tmc .
NERITINA.
Species 39. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina zebba. Ner. testa ovatd, spird parvd, e.vsertd,
mifmcti/jt/s snpeme decUvibus, deinde convexis, area
columellari acute decUvi, margbie ii/imife denticidatd ;
niijrd, I'meis fidvis ol/lir/iie lo/dii/is loiigitndiiialiler
Htriijutd.
The zebra Neritina. Shell ovate, spire small, exserted,
whorls slanting round the upper part, then convex,
columellar area sharply slanting, minutely denticu-
lated at the edge ; black, striped with obliquely
waved longitudinal yellow lines.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. .57'l.
Hab. Tahiti.
An ovate species, with a small obtruded spire, obliquely
longitudinally striped with yellow linos upon a black
ground.
Species 40. (Fig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina sobrina. Ner. testd compresse fflobo.sd, spird
obiiisd, vix exsertd, anfractihm siiperne dccliribiis,
siibanffiisfis, snbtits planatis, lavib/is, area cuhimeUarl
callosd, nxbveriicaU ; Inteo-oUvaced, striylt m/dalis
siibdistantibiis pictd.
The allied Neritina. Shell compressly globose, spire
obtuse, scarcely exserted, whorls slanting roimd the
upper part, rather narrow, flattened beneath, smooth,
columellar area callous, rather vertical; yellowish-
olive, marked with rather distant zigzag black streaks.
Reoluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Couch, part 10. p. 536.
pi. 113. f. 100.
JIab. ?
Of a peculiar obtuse flatly slanting growth about the
spire, descending vertically beneath.
: 41. (Fig. a, b, ]\Ius. Cuming.)
Neritina Cumingiana. Ner. testd pyramidali-conicd,
spird ampld, erecid, anfractihm superne plano-decU-
vibus, basi convexis, area colmnellari callosd ; vires-
cente-nigrd, lineis albis tenuibus lomjitndimtliter imdu-
latis uiidiqiie notatd, area columellari earmold.
Cdming's Neritina. Shell pyramidally conical, spire
large, erect, whorls flatly slanting round the upper
part, convex at the base, columellar area callous;
greenish-black, marked throughout with fine longi-
tudinally waved white lines, columellar area carne-
liou.
Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1842, p. 77.
Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (on stones in moun-
tain streams) ; Cuming.
This fine species is weU characterized liy its solid erect
pyramidal form.
Species 43. (Fig. n, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina S.miteii. Ner. testd globosd, solidd, spirdsnb-
cuiiicu, (iiij'ractibiis siiperiie in/jux'sso-plaiiatis, deinde
rot Hilda lis, leecibns, area colioiiellnri callosd ; carules-
crtiti'-albd, fasciis niyris liiieisqne capillaribus inter-
niptis irreytdariter longitudiHaliter pictd, ared colu-
mellari sangidneo-tinetd.
Smith's Neritina. Shell globose, soUd, spire sub-
conical, whorls irapressly flattened round the upper
part, then rounded, smooth, columellar area callous ;
bluish - white, painted with irregular interrupted
longitudinal black bands and hair-lines, columellar
area blood-stained.
Gray, Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Neritina, f. 30.
Hab. Banks of the Ganges, Calcutta.
Distinguished by its peculiar mottled grey painting and
porcelain-like substance, and characferistic blood-stain on
the columellar area.
Species t3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina morio. Ner. testd ovatd, spird parvd, iinpressd,
aiifractibus supeme plaHO-declivibus, subangnstis, ared
colnmellari acute concavd ; intense carbonarid, ared
colmnellari lutesceule.
The pool Neritina. SheU ovate, spire small, impressed,
whorls flatly slanting round the upper part, rather
narrow, columellar area sharply concave ; deep coal-
black, columellar area yellowish.
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 201.
Hab. Ducie's and Easter Islands, South Seas (on coral
reefs) ; Cuming.
This species, partaking of the marine character of
Nerita, is perhaps more strictly referable to that genus.
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NERITINA.
Plate X.
Species 44. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina SANGUiNEA. Ner. tentd ovatd, spird obfiixd,
vij) exserld, aii/rac/lbus superne concavo-plmmlis, sit/j-
angustis, (ortuoso-striuiis, ared columella ri laid ; oli-
raceo-lided, niijro reticiilato-martuoratd, ared columel-
lari intense sauffuiiied.
The blood-stained Neritina. Shell ovate, spire ob-
tuse, scarcely exserted, whorls coticavcly flattened
round the upper part, rather narrow, tortuously stri-
ated, columellar area broad ; olive-yellow, reticulatcly
mottled with black, columellar area deep blood-
stained.
SowEiuiY, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. .513.
Hii6. New Ireland (ou stones in mountain streams) ;
Iliads.
-V dark reticulatcly mottled shcl
luid the columellar area.
lood-staincd
Species 43. (Fig. n, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nkiutina asi'ERULAta. Ner. testa depresso-ovutd, siillns
coiicard, spird pand, vix exserld, anfructihus sitliai/ffiis-
fis, versus aperturam.ejpansis, undlfpiemiiinte crispiito-
corr/iffatis, ared columellari lata, declivi, aperturd
ampld, expansd ; olioaceo-fuscescente, nigro reticulata,
aperturd carulescente, ared columellari rujo tinctd.
The kougiiish Neritina. Shell dcpressly ovate, con-
cave beneath, spire small, scarcely exserted, whorls
rather narrow, expanded towards the aperture, every-
where minutely crispatcly wrinkled, columellar area
broad, slanting, aperture large, expanded ; olive-
brown, reticulated with black, aperture bluish, colu-
mellar area tinged with red.
Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. .513.
Hall. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on small stones in a
rivulet) ; Cumiug.
Curiously sculptured throughout with line crisply
wrinkled strire, and painted with faint openly reticulated
network of black lines upon an olive-brown ground.
Species 46. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neuitina BEUGUiEra. Ner. testa oblomjo-ovatd, depressd,
spird pared, ohtusd, vix exsertd, anfractibus suhauyns-
tis, superne plano-mpressis,Jlexuoso-striatis, ared co-
lumellari lata, ampld; intense carbonarid, ared colu-
mellari vivide rufd.
Brugl-iebe's Neritina. Shell oblong-ovate, depressed,
spire small, obtuse, scarcely exserted, whorls rather
narrow, flatly impressed round the upper part, flexu-
ously striated, columellar area broad, large; dark
coal-black, columellar area deep red.
Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaiu-us Conch, part 10. p. .513.
pi. 114. f. 1.59.
Hab. New Ireland (on small stones in a rivulet) ; Hinds.
Plainly distinguished from N. canalis, to which it is the
nearest allied species, by the lip, on joining the body-
whorl, not being raised into a ridge.
Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita gagates. Ner. tesld subdepresso-globosd, solidd,
spird vix exsertd, anfractibus superne concavo-impressis,
delude rofmidatis, Jlcxuoso-striatis, ared columellari
ampld, callosd ; olivaceo-nigrd, lineis tmdaiis hileis
undupie pallide notatd.
The agate Neritina. Shell subdepressly globose, solid,
spire scarcely exserted, whorls concavely impressed
round the upper part, then rounded, flexuously stri-
ated, columellar area large and callous; olive-black,
marked throughout with faint yellowish zigzag lines.
Lamarck, Aniiu. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 570.
llab. Siuuatra (on stones) ; Cuming.
A solid callous species, of very dark olive-colour, which,
on close examination, appears to be marked throughout
with close-set zigzag yellow lines.
Species 4S. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita punctulata. N'er. tesld depresso-ovatd, subtus
coiicavd, expansd, spird parvd, fere obsoletd, anfractibus
late convexis, lavibus, ared columellari ampld, leviter
conci'xd; nigricanie-olivaced, punctis luteis undique
asprrsd, aperturd carulescente, ared columellari pal-
lide sumjuineo-tinctd.
The dotted Neritina. Shell depressly ovate, concave
and expanded beneath, spir-e small, almost obsolete,
whorls broadly convex, smooth, columellar area large,
slightly convex ; blackish-olive, sprinkled throughout
with yellow dots, aperture bluish, columellar area
faintly blood-tinged.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 584. Euc. Metiio-
dique, pi. 455. f. 2.
Ilab. Jamaica, Guadaloupe.
A rather depressly expanded species, charac'teristically
sprinkled tiu-oughout with yellow dots upon an olive-
black ground.
October, 1855.
Xnin/ia , //, XI.
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NERITINA
Plate XI.
Species 19. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina sriNiFERA. iV«'. tedd suhglobosd, teuidcithi,
spirit obtusd, anfractibus mperne concavis, delude aii-
ffidaiis, ad aiignlnm spiniferis, area columellari anb-
auffustd, /,///,' r .'': iii!d; oUcaceo-rufd, pHiictis
viresceute-i ■ ; .
The spined >>i,:iii\\. >\\r\\ subglobose, rather thin,
spire obtuse, nlioi-ls cuucave round the upper part,
then angled, spined at the angles, columellar area
rather narrow, denticulated at the margin ; olive-red,
freckled with greenish-white dots.
Eecluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1843, p. 183.
Hab. Philippine Islands (on stones in small streams) ;
Cuming.
Neatly freckled throughout with greenish-white dots
iijiou a peculiar ruddy olive ground.
Species 50. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritixa Bengalexsis. Ner. iesld ijlobund, splrd pUniij-
obttisd, anfractibus concavo-decUvibus, deinde subun-
ffidaiis, ad angnlmn obscure spiniferis, spinis brevibus,
area coliimellari stibangustd ; Jlavescente-brunned, oli-
vaceo-niijro palUde reticulata.
The Bengal Neritisa. Shell globose, spire flatly ob-
tuse, whorls concavely slanting round the upper part,
then slightly angled, obscurely spined at the angle,
spines short, columellar area rather narrow ; yellow-
ish-brown, faintly reticulated with olive-black.
Nerila Bengalensis, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 176.
pi. 197. f. 1911.
Uab. Bengal.
Of a peculiar dull yellowish-brown, faintly reticulated
with olive-black, obtusely keeled at the angle, where the
spines are short, blunt, and sometimes partially wanting.
Species 51. (Fig. a, b, Itus. Cuming.)
Neritina angulosa. Ner. testa globosd, spird plano-
obtusd, anfractibus obtuse angulatis, rude plicato-cor-
rugatis, basin versus lavigatis, area columellari e.cca-
vatd, margine arcnatd ; fusco-atrd, intm carulescente.
The angblose Neritina. Shell globose, spire flatly ob-
tuse, whorls obtusely angled, rudely plicately wrinkled,
smooth towards the base, columellar area excavated,
arched at (he margin; brown-black, bluish within.
Recluz, ]\IS. Mus. Cuming. ■' ''"
Neritina corona, var., Sowerby.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
There is a spineless variety of N. corona, very closely
resembling this species, but it nevertheless possesses a
character iieculiar to itself.
Species 52. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina spinosa. Ner. ti-sid snbglobosd, spird obtusd,
anfractihm rulinuliiti.s, „/rdio.sjiini,sis, .spinis nninerosis,
reguhtrihnx, ,u;;i r,,luui,U„ri pluno-drvlivi ,■ jhivicaule,
perne sanguineo-tinctd.
The spiny Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire obtuse,
whorls rounded, spined in the middle, spines nume-
rous, regular, columellar area flatly slanting ; yel-
lowish, encircled with numerous black Hues, colu-
mellar area blood-tinged at the upper part.
SowERBV (Budgin MS.), Tankerville Catalogue, p. 45.
no. 1103.
Hah. Tahiti.
The very pretty species is distinguished by the whorls
not being angled, and the spines being unusually nume-
rous and regular. The linear painting is characteristic, and
also the blood-stain on the upper edge of the columellar
area.
Species 53. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Recluziana. Ner. testa sulglobusd, spird
obtusd, anfractibus superne subangulatis, ad angulum
spinosis, .yiiuis brevibus, urea columellari plano-decUvi,
subarcuatd ; fusco-nigro, pnnctis luteis asj>ersd.
Recluz's Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire obtuse,
whorls slightly angled at the upper part, spined at
the angle, spines short, columellar area flatly slant-
ing, slightly arched ; brownish-black, sprinkled with
yellow dots.
Le Guillou, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 345.
H(dj. New Ireland (on stones in rivulets) ; Hinds.
Of a characteristic browu-blaek sprinkled throughout
with yellow dots.
November, 1855.
y mill to, PI. XII.
#
#
#
NERITINA.
Species 54. (Fig. a, I, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina lineolata. Ner. teatCi conico-ylohom, fioUdd,
spird obtusd, mifractibns plano-decUvibm, debule (jih-
bosis, area colmtwllari subangndd, callosd ; oUvaceo-
liited, Unek nigris conferlis midutk oblique strigatd.
The li.veolate Neritina. Shell coiiically globose,
solid, s]iire obtuse, whorls flatly slanting round the
upper part, then gibbous, columellar area rather nar-
row, callous; olive-yellow, obliquely streaked with
close-set waves of black lines.
Lamarck, Anini. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 57-t,
//„/,. ?
This shell answers to Lamarck's description of the
above-named species, but not to the figures referred to by
him in Chemnitz and in the ' Encyclope'die jMcthodiquc,'
which, auain, difler materially from each other.
Species 55. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina sereulata. Ner. tedd depresso-globosd, spird
parvd, pariiM exsertd, anfractibus cotwexU, lavibiis,
area columeUari plano-decUvi, margine serrulatd ; oli-
vaceo-nigrd, hikscente-albo promiscue punctata.
The finely serrated Neritina. Shell depressly glo-
bose, spire small, but little exserted, whorls convex,
smooth, columellar area flatly slanting, finely seiTatcd
at the edge ; olive-black, promiscuously dotted with
yellowish-white.
Eecluz, MS. Mas. Cuming, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch.
part 10. p..") 18. ^ '*
Jlab. Cape Palmas, Sumatra (on stones in a river); Cuming.
A depressly ovate, somewhat tumid shell, dotted in a
very promiscuous manner with yellowish-white upon a
dark olive-black ground.
Species 56. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina squamosa. Ner. testa glohom-ttirbinatd, eras-
siusculd, spird obtuse exsertd, anfractibus convexis, ua-
diqiie peculiariter verrucoso-sqitamosis, ared columel-
lari plano-declivi ; fidvo et olivaceo obscure faseiatd.
The scaly Neritina. Shell globosely turbinated, rather
thick, spire obtusely exserted, whorls convex, eveiy-
where peculiarly wart-scaled, columellar area flatly
slanting, obscurely banded with fidvous-olive.
Recluz, MS. Mus. Cuming, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch.
part 10. p. 527.
Ilab. Isle of Ncgros, Philippines (on stones in a mountain
stream) ; Cumiug.
Sculptured throughout with a peculiar wart-like sha-
green coating.
Species 57. (Fig. n, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina auumbkata. Ner. tesid depresso-glotmsu, spird
parM, aciimiiiaiti, anfractibus convexis, tmnidinsculk,
Icecibns, ared columelluri plano-declici ; olivaced,
pimclis minutis albis nigro-umbratk aspersd, ared co-
Imnellari superne iniense sanguined.
The shaded Neritina. Shell depressly globose, spin-
small, acuminated, whorls convex, rather swollen,
smooth, columellar area flatly slanting ; olive, sprin-
kled with minute black-shaded white dots, columellar
area deep blood-stained at the upper margin.
nab. Solomon's Island.
Distinguished by a profuse sprinkling of white dots,
shaded on the anterior side with black, and by the upper
margin of the columellar area being deeply blood-stained.
Species 58. (Fig. a, b, JIus. Cuming.)
Neritina Sandalina. Ner. testd globosd, solidd, spird
fix exsertd, retusd, anfractibus supierne leviter concaois,
flexuoso-pllcntis, deinde convexk, ared columellari sub-
excacato-declivi, margine arcuatd; olioaceo-nigrd.
The Sandal Bay Neritina. Shell globose, solid, spire
scarcely exserted, blunt, whorls slightly concave
round the upper part, flexuously pleated, then con-
vex, columellar area slightly excavately slanting,
arched at the margin ; olive-black.
Eecluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1843, p. 76.
Ilab. Sandal Bay.
A blunt rudely pleated species, of a uniform olive-black
colour.
November, 1855.
Xmliini.H.M.
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^
NERITINA.
Plate XIII.
Species 59. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Oivexiana. Ner. tedCi cotwexo-depressd, (niid-
ciilci, lad} exjjausci, spira pand, vie exsertd, aiifrnclihns
convexis, lavihm, area columellari permupld, luhro ili-
latato, suhauriculalo ; paUitJe fahd, oUmcco-ulr/ro re-
ticulatd, area colmneUari carneUo-carided.
Owen's Neritina. Shell convexly depressed, ratbcr
thin, broadly expanded, spire small, scarcely exserted,
whorls convex, smooth, colnmellar area very large. Up
broadly dilated, subanriculated ; pale fulvous, reticu-
lated with olive-black, columellar area carnelion-bluc.
Gk.\y, Wood, Index Testaoeologicus, Supp. f. S.
Hub. Fernando Po (on stones in small streams) ; F)-azer.
A depressly convex species, with a fine expanded slightly
auriculated lip.
Species 60. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina cauiosa. Ner. testa angriste globosd, nlriiiqiif
conspicue dilatatd, spird siibverticali, inlortd, aiifrac-
tibita convexis, sulirnr/osis, area columeUarl perumpld,
aperturd parvd, lahro expauso ; caruleo-nigrd, piniclis
ulbidis aspersd.
The worm-eaten Neritina. Shell narrowly globose,
conspicuously dilated on each side, spire subvertical,
turned in, whorls convex, subrugose, columellar area
very large, aperture small, lip expanded ; blue-black,
sprinkled with white dots.
Gray, Wood, Index Testaceologicus, Supp. f. 0.
Nerita NiittaUi, Recluz.
Uab. Sandwich Islands (on stones in rivulets) ; Nuttall.
Convoluted in an obliciucly vortical manner, with the
sides prominently dilated.
Species 61. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina vespertina. Ner. testd depressissimd, utriii-
que late alatd, tenia, spird oblique verticali, obi/isd,
radiatim striata, ared columellari perampld, aperturd
parvd ; limdo-olicaeed, subcorned.
The siJN-SET Neritina. Shell very depressed, broadly
winged on each side, thiu, sjiire oblicpiely vertical,
obtuse, radiately striated, columellar area very large,
aperture small ; livid-obve, subearneous.
Nuttal),, Jay's Catalogue of Shells, p. 66
Hab. Sandwich Is'
(on stones in small
Nuttall.
A remarkably wi
abstance.
1 species, of thin subcorneous
Species ()2, (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Taiiitensis. Ner. testd depresso-ovatd, siibniiri-
cidatd, spird obliqiii verticali, obtusd, radiatim Minute
striatd, ared columdlari perampld, leoiter concexd ;
nlyrieante-olivarcd.
The Tahiti Neritina. Shell depressly ovate, subauri-
cidated, spire obliquely vertical, obtuse, radiately mi-
nutely striated, columeUar area very large, slightly
convex ; blackish-olive.
Lesson, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. ."jii'.i.
Hah. Sandwich Ishmds (on stones iu a small stnani) ;
Nuttall.
An oblong-ovatc species, sipiarely
spire.
jlatcd
Species 63. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina cornuta. Ner. testa ovatd, spird ohliqni: in-
tortd, anfraetibtts rotundatis, ad sutiiras pecidiariter
coHcavo-carinatis, ared columellari lata, superne si-
nuatd ; olicaceo-fulcesceute, nigro sparsim reticulata,
intus Ucido-pluiiibed, carnelio marginatd.
The horned Neritina. Shell ovate, spin- obliquely
turned in, whorls rounded, peculiarly eoncavely
keeled at the sutures, columellar area broad, sinuated
at the upper part ; pale olive-fulvous, sparingly reti-
culated with black, interior livid-lead, edged with
carneliou.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
Distinguished by a peculiar eoncavely keeled appeudagi'
next the suture.
November, lS.5c
W'fiiuia .viuy.
> m
'^m'
N E R ITI N A.
Plat:. XIV.
Species 64. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina avellana. Ner. tesld globo-w, solidd, spird
vix ex-tertd, obtiisd, atifradibits rotimdiito-aiigulatix,
medio snbplanalis, area columellari marghie dense scr-
ruhdd ; paUkle oUvaceo-cinered, ptmctis albidis nic/ro-
umbratis profuse aspersd.
The nut Neuitixa. Shell globose, solid, spire exsertcd,
obtuse, whorls rotunilately angled, rather flattened
rouud the middle, columella densely serrulated at
the edge ; pale olive-horny, profusely sprinkled with
whitish black-shaded dots.
Recluz, Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 184i, p. 76.
Ilab. Philippine Islands.
Of a peculiarlv blunt solid structure, resembling a com-
Spccies 65. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neuitixa faba. Ner. testd globoso-couoklm, soVuld, spird
uribjiromiiiitld, plus minus erosd, anfraclihus siiperni'
concavis,Jkxuose pUcalo-striatis, deinde convex is, Uevi-
bus, art'd columellari ahrupte declivi ; nif/ricunte-oli-
vaced, lutescenfe-albo promiscue slrigatd et piiiiclald,
inicnlum fasciatd, fascid vioide sanguiaeo tenue reii-
culutd.
The beax Neritixa. Shell globosely conoid, solid,
spire rather prominent, more or less eroded, whorls
convex, flexuously plicately striated, then convex,
smooth, columella abruptly slanting; blackish-olive,
promiscuously sti'eakcd and dotted with yellowish-
white, sometimes banded, the band finely reticulated
with bright blood-red.
SowEURY, Conch. Illustrations, f. lU.
J lab. ?
Extremely variable in painting, but of a uniform solid
globosely conoid form.
Species 66. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina interrupta. Ner. testd globoso-couoided, so-
lidd, spird snbobtmd, plerumipie erosd, anfractibiis
coHcavo-declivibus, deinde co)ivexis, Jlexuoso-striatis,
area columellari declici ; olivaceo-virescente, subtil iter
oblique alho-lineatd, fascid luted latiusculd peculiari-
ter obliqui' ciiigulatd.
TiiE ixrEni:i-"TED Neiutixa. Shell globosely conoid,
solid, spire rather nlMuse, generally eroded, whorls
eoncavely slanting, then convex, flexuously striated,
columellar area slanting; olive-green, finely oblin^uely
white-lined, peculiarly obliquely encircled with a ra-
ther broad yellow band.
Recluz, MS. Sowerb}', Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 526.
JIab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stones in a rapid
river) ; Cuming.
This species is remarkable for having the apex generally
much eroded.
Species 07. (Fig. a, b, :Mus. Cuming.)
Neritixa c.elata. Ner. iestd ovato-globosd, solidd, spird
pared, obtusd, noil exsertd, ai/fractibus superne plauo-
drrlifib/is,/j('rutiariterJle.vHo.io-impresso-striatis, deinde
rill II lid, I In, ai-i'd ciiluiiifllari e.vcavafo-declivi; carbo-
iiariu-alrii, liueis Jlrxuosis pallide ferrugineis.
The exguaved Neritixa. Shell ovately globose, solid,
spire small, obtuse, not exserted, whorls flatly slant-
ing, pceuliarJy flexuously impressly striated, then
rouuderl, columellar area cxeavately slanting; coal-
black, flexuous lines pale rust.
PiECLUz, MS., Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. f. 538.
IM. South Sea Islands.
An obtusely conoid species, sculptured with impressed
strife running flexuously from the apex.
Species 68. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina tritonensis. Ner. testd globoso-conoided, so-
lidd, -ipird 2>lits minus erosd, anfractibus superne con-
caco-declivibus, deinde rotundatis, area columellari
subangustd ; lutescente, nigro-oliraceo dense sabtiliter
reliculatd.
The TRITON Neritina. Shell globosely conoid, solid,
spire more or less eroded, whoils eoncavely slanting
round the upper part, then rounded, columellar area
rather narrow ; yellowish, densely finely reticulated
with black-olive."
Le Guillou, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 345.
Ilab. North Australia.
Very densely reticulatrd ivith dai'k ol.
around.
a yellowish
November, 1855.
.\Wiiiiui, PL XV.
0
%
#
¥
0
0
S.r.-ra-Vy ie'.. etlit
NERITINA.
Species 09. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
NeriTINa KUGATA. Nc'i-.te-ifd ohJique orafn, .vihglohnm,
sphi'i ci.r exsn-tu.aiifmdUnts xiih,ni,i, ::,:,,., ,- ,v,'r ,.s„-
riKjiilix, ml aiKiiihiiii oi.w/r
sp,.
declii
fijn
siiln
intns candf'scente .
The wrinkled NeritIxNa. Shell obliquely ovate, sub-
globose, spire scarcely exserteil, whorls faintly an-
gled, wart-wrinkled, obsoletely spinous at the angle,
columellar area slanting, slightly sinuated next the
apex ; coal-black, bluish-red within.
Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1843, p. 7.5.
Hob. Island of Negros, riiilippiues (in mountain streams) ;
Cuming.
Well characterized by a line wart-wrinkled sculpture.
Species 70. (Fig. a, b, iVIus. Cuming.)
Nekitina insculpta. Nit. testa ovatii, spird obUqni
exsertd, aiifractibiis siiperiie leriter cot/cnvin, deiudc
roiundatis, snlcis linmribus spiralibua iitscii/ptis, area
columellari mibconcavd ; intense ccendeo-nifjrd.
The engraven Neritina. Shell ovate, spire obliquely
exserted, whorls slightly concave on the upper part,
then rounded, engraved with s|)iral linear grooves,
columellar area rather concave ; dark bluc-black.
Hab. Sandwich Islands.
A dark blue-black shell, engraved throughout with
spiral linear grooves, partaking largely of the characters of
Nerita.
Species 71. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neeitina Listeri. Ker. testa oblique ovatd, spird sub-
conoided, parum exsertd, anfractibus convexis, Itcvibus,
area columellari decliri, callosd, aperturd parviasciild,
tabro coiitructo ; nigricante-olivaced, punctis lineisque
viinutis lutels aspersd.
Lister's Neeitina. Shell obliquely ovate, spire sub-
conoid, but little exserted, whorls convex, smooth,
columellar area slanting, callous, aperture rather
small, lip contracted ; blackish-olive, sprinkled witli
yellow dots and minute lines.
Pfeiffee, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. ~>Zi.
Hab. Cuba, Nicara-jfua.
Of a pel
n, the columellar area being v
usuallv attenuately contracted.
Species H. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Macgillivrayi. Ner. testd ovato-globosd, spird
sitbexsertd, anfractibus superue concavis, deinde rotitn-
datis, dense elevalo-striatis, ared columellari excaoato-
declioi ; sordide atrd.
Macgillivray's Neritina. Shell ovately globose, spire
slightly exserted ; whorls concave round the upper
part, then rounded, closely elevatety striated, colu-
mellar area excavately slanting ; dull black.
Ilab. Solomon's Island ; JMacgillivray.
Well characterized in form, while tlie surface has a
finely-striated satiny hue.
Species 73. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina aquatilis. Ner. testd conoideo-glolmd, so-
lidd, spird subobtttsd, anfractibas stqiermt leviler con-
cavis, deinde coiire.ris, IrPBibiis, ared columellari cal-
losd; olivaceu-liited, liiieis iiiyrls acute undutis dense
pietd.
The eippled Neeitina. Shell conoidly globose, solid,
spire rather obtuse, whorls slightly concave round
the upper part, then convex, smooth, columellar area
callous; olive-yellow, thickly nuu-ked with black zig-
zag lines.
Hah. ?
Very densely painted throughout with fine black zigzag
lines upon an olive-yellow ground.
November, 1855.
Xmlwa .Pl.m.
%-^
0
%
^
Vmren* Brorfc %
NERITINA.
Species T-t. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Turton'I. Ner. tmtd globoio-conoiilm, soUJil,
spim suhproiii;,iiih1, ohtiisa, aiifnictihiis fnqjerne levUcr
nmniris, ih-iiiile r<,t:i,i,h,l,s, l,rri/,i!.^, ami roliiwelhin
■HHlirnifjiiata, adlom, hianj'iur i.iiiiiil? daitiviihilil ; hrun-
neo-ltitesceute, niyro lonijUiiiVinaliiL'r hdidr'ujnti'i, ami
colamellari carneold.
Tuiiton's Neritina. Shell globosi'ly conoid, solid, spire
rather prominent, obtuse, wliorls slightly concave on
tlie upper part, then rounded, smooth, columellar
area rather narrow, callous, minutely toothed at the
edge ; brownish-yellow, longitudinally broadly striped
with black, columellar area carnelion.
SowEEBY, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 530.
Hah. New Ireland ; Hinds.
A dark solid brownish-yellow conoid shell, longitudi-
nally painted with broad waved black stripes.
Species 75. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.)
Nehitina Natalensis. Ner. testa (jloboso-conoided, spird
.vdqjrominuld, obfnsd, anfractibus sitperiie coucavo-de-
idivibiis, deinde coiivexis, Itevibus, area colnniellari siib-
unfjmtd ; fnlvo-olwaced, nigra oblupii strigatd.
The Natal Neritina. SheU globosely conoid, spire
rather prominent, obtuse, whorls concavely slanting
round the upper part, then convex, smooth, colu-
mellar area rather narrow ; fulvous-olive, obliquely
streaked with black.
Hah. Natal.
Of a more slantingly convoluted form than the preced-
ing species, with the black stripes narrower and ranging
obliquely in a contrary direction.
Species 7(). (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina Powisiana. Ner. testa trausmrsi ovatd, de-
pressd, spird oblique intortd, anfractibus subangustis,
concentrice siriatis, area cobimellari lata, juxta apicem
in sinu productd; oUvaceo-luted, purpurascente fas-
ciatd, fasciis nigris iuterrvptis marmoratd.
Powis's Neritina. Shell transversely ovate, depressed,
spire obliquely turned in, whorls rather narrow, con-
centrically striated, columellar area broad, produced
into a sinus next the apex; olive-yellow, faintly
banded with purple, and mottled with interrupted
black bauds.
Eecluz, Sowcrljy, Thesaurus Coneh. part 10. p. 511.
Hah. New Ireland (on stones in a mountain stream) ;
Hinds.
An elevated involuted shell, with the edge of the last
whorl next the apex produced into a sinuated horn.
Species 77. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina solidissima. Ner. testd dejiresso-orbiculari,
solidd, spird oblique ititortd, anfractihus subaiigustis,
versus aperturam expansis, striis iinpressis spiraUbus
sculptis, area columellari subcallosd ; carbonario-atrd,
punctis minutis albis aspersd.
The very solib Neritina. Shell depressly orbicular,
solid, spire obliquely turned in, whorls rather narrow,
expanded towards the aperture, engraved with spiral
impressed strise, columellar area rather callous ; coal-
black, sprinkled with minute white dots.
SowERBY, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 511.
IM. ?
A very characteristic species, round and expanded in
form, engraved with spiral impressed striae ; deep coal-
black, sprinkled with minute white specks.
Species 78. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina ateuiiima. Ner. testd globoso-conoided, spird
siibiirdiiiiiiiilii, anfractibus superne concavis, dciude ro-
tiindalis, lrcrihiis,ared columellari angustd ; atcrrimd,
intus carulesceute-albd .
The very black Neritina. Shell globosely conoid,
spire rather prominent, whorls concave round i\u-
upper part, then rounded, smooth, columellar area
narrow ; deep black, bluish-white within.
Kocii, Philippi, Abbild. und Bescli. Conch, pi. 1. f 11.
Hab. ?
Of a simple globosely conoid form, deep black, withoul
indication of any pattern.
November, 1855.
^Wanla . PL 'XVll.
ft
'^
V^L>
^^
«1
NERITINA.
Species 79. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.)
Neritina bicanaliculata. Ner. testa oi-ntd, siiliJe-
pressd, ntrinque peculiar iter caiialic/i/ii/o-n/n/a, sjtirti
obtique intortd, lamgatu, area cohimclhiri peraiiijilii,
aperturd parvd ; pnUkJe. filivuceo-lidni, ii'ujro ivnuc
reticulata.
The double-channelled Neritina. Sliell ovate, ra-
ther depressed, peculiarly canaliciilately winged on
each side, spire ol)liquely turned in, smooth, colu-
mellar area very Lnrge, aperture small ; pale olive-
yellow, finely reticulated with black.
Eecluz, MS., Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch., part 10. p. 50'.).
Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stone^^ in small
ponds) ; Cuming.
Peculiarly distinguished by its channelled auricular
wings.
Species SO. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina subauriculata. Ner. tentd ovafd, mlidiiis-
ciilii, rpird oblique intortd, concentrire slriuld, nrrd
colinneUari perampld, superiie subaitriciihihi ; imllide
olioaceo-luted, nigro teiiue reticulata.
The slightly-eared Neritina. Shell ovate, rather
solid, spire obliquely turned in, concentrically stri-
ated, columellar area very large, slightly auriculated
at the upper part ; pale olive-yellow, finely reticulated
with black.
Reclvz, MS., Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch., part 10. p. .510.
Hab. Island of Ncgros, Philippines (on the trunks of
palms growing in brackish water) ; Cuming.
Exactly like the preceding species in detail of painting,
and very similar in form, the channelled auricles being
simply indicated.
Species 81. (Fig. «, i, Mus. Cumuig.)
Neritina dilatata. Ner. testa .'ndjorbiciilnri-ovatd,
iitriiiqne peridiariler dilalnld, xpird peeidiariter in-
tortd, concentrice striata., ared coliim<-IIarl tatissiind,
iipertiird parrd ; paltidi ollrnci'o-lnti'd, niijro aperti'
prondscue reticulata, area columellari carneold.
The dilated Nekitina. Shell suborbiculately ovate.
peculiarly dilated on each side, spire obliquely turned
inwards, coneontrieally striated, columellar area very
liroad, aperture small; pale olive-yellow, openly pj-n-
miscuously reticulated at the back, columellar aiva
earnelion.
Hroderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833.
Hub. Tahiti (on stones in rivers) ; Cuming.
The reticulated painting of this species is more open
and irregular than in the preceding, and the cohniiellai-
area is dilated outwards on each side.
Species 82. (Fig. <?, i, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Sandwichensis. Ner. testa oblique oratd,
■ipird depresse intortd, Imviyatd, ared colnmetlari In-
tlnsculd.
vta
pr
idiictd .
illidi
oUmceo-luted, linti.s nndnlatis nii/ris concrntriris dni-
sissiuie pictd.
The Sandwich Islands Neritina. Shell oblit|uely
ovate, spire depressly turned inwards, smooth, colu-
mellar area rather broad, produced into an auricle
next tlie spire ; pale olive-yellow, very densely painted
with concentric black waved lines.
Oesiiayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. .57!).
Neritina Mauritii, Recluz.
Hab. Sandwich Islands, Mauritius.
Curiously obliquely convoluted, with the outer surlaiv
very closely ))aiuted with concentrically waved black line?.
Species S3. (Fig. a, b, ^lus. Cuming.)
Neritina auriculata. Ner. testa ovatd, utriuque m
naticalato-anricntatd, spird oblique intortd, dernswtii.
striata, ared columellari subampld ; olivaeeo-nKjru
ared colmnellari rnfescente.
The eared Neritina. Shell ovate, conspicuously ca
naliculately eared on each side, spire obliquely turnei
inwards, decussately striated, columellar area rathe
large ; olive-black, columellar area tinged with red.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 572.
Hab. New Holland.
The auricles in this species are distinguished from tluisi
of its allies by a more horizontal lateral gi'owth.
November, ISoo.
Kernma , PI . XYIIL
NERITINA.
Plate XVIII.
S])ccies 81. (Fig. a, h, c, d, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina aculeata. Ner.tfdddqiresso-ovatd, tenid, .yiird
oblique iutortd, planatd, anfractihus convexis, xplru-
Uier liratis, lirii sernitk vel acnleatk, ared cdmacl-
lo.ri siiperficicditer excavatd ; sordide fused, corin-d.
The prickly Neritina. Shell depressly ovate, thin,
spire oblicpiely turned inwards, flattened, wliorls con-
vex, spirally ridged, ridges serrated or ])i-ickly, co-
lumellar area superficially excavated ; dull brown,
horny.
Gmelin, Syst. Nat. loth edit. p. 3GS6. Cheniiiitz, Couch.
Cab. vol. X. pi. ir.!l. f. 1643.
Xeritiiia micatu, Nyst.
Unit. Sumatra.
(Jf a distinct subgeneric type, thin and hi
auce, partaking of the character of Fuliidoi,/
sub-
Nei
Species 85. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cumiug.)
Neritina Floridana. Ner. testd compreiso-ijlohom., so-
lidiiisculd, spird obtusd, mifractihm s/ijicn/i jjlmdus-
rnlis, ared columellarl callosd ; virescenfc-alhd, Uneis
olivaceis siiltlUssimis dense eleymile)' pictd.
The Florida Neritina. Shell corapressly globose, ra-
ther solid, spire obtuse, whorls rather flattened at the
upper part, coluniellar area callous ; greenish-white,
densely elegantly painted with very fine olive lines.
Shuttlewokth, MS. Mus. Cumiug.
Neritina recUvata, var., Sowerby.
Hub. Florida.
Closely allied to Neritina redivata, from ivhieli it
scarcely differs except in being of a more stunted growth.
ipeeies 80. (Fig. ,/, i, Mus. Cuming.)
depressa. Ner. testa comjjressii oratd, snlidi-
iisciild, spird oblique intortd, anfractihus nni/uslis, ro-
tniidiitis, deciissatiin minntr sfriatis, ared colnmellnri
(unpld, ninrfine continao ; olivaceo-fuscd, ptiis minux
rarieijatd, npertnrd curneold.
The depressed Neritina. Shell compressly ovate,
I'ather solid, spire obliquely turned inwards, whorls
narrow, rounded, decussately minutely striated, co-
lumcUar area large, with the margin continuous ;
olive-brown, more or less variegated, aperture carne-
lion-tinged.
Benson, JIS. Mus. Cuming, 'y^
ITab. Calcutta.
Of a solid Crepididit-XxVit form, with an expanded con-
tinuous aperture.
Species 87. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Cuvieriana. Ner. testd ocato-rjlobosd, solidi-
iiscutd, spird sutjprominuld, anfraclibus rotundatis,
t/eribits, ared columellari .vibantjHstd ; olivaceo-nigrd,
luteo piuwtatd et variegatd.
Cuvier's Neritina. Shell ovately globose, rather solid,
spire slightly prominent, whorls rounded, smooth,
columellar area rather narrow : olive-black, dotted
and variegated with yellow.
Eecluz, Bevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienue, 1841, p. :i38.
Hub. New Ireland.
Of simple form, but varying considerably in painting.
iber, 18.53
]((Titma,I'(.UX.
#
#
^^
IJP
/
Scwei'l^y (M ethtli
NERITINA.
Plate XIX.
Species 88. (Fig. a to k, Mus. Cuming.)
Neuitina communis. Ner. testa, yloboso-conoided, qnrd
prommdd, anfractihm superm concavo-dt'cUvibiis, de-
inde convexis, lavigatis, nitidis, area columellari cat-
Insd ; lutescente-albd, intense rosea varie fasciatd,
st riff is obliguis nigris interdum pictd.
The common Neritina. Shell globosely conoid, spire
prominent, wborls coucavely slanting round the upper
part, then convex, smooth, shining, columellar area
callous ; yeUowish-white, variously banded with deep
rose, sometimes painted with oblique black stripes.
QuoY and Gaimard, Voy. de 1' Astrolabe.
Ilab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines ; Cuming.
Of this very beautiful and extremely variable species, it
has been necessaiy to give specimens under several dif-
ferent aspects of colouring. The predominant colouring
is deep rose, variously interrupted with bands of pale yel-
low, marked with regular oblique black bands ; but these,
as it may be seen in Fig. 88 k, are sometimes absent,
while in other specimens, as at Fig. 88 i, the black bands
are conspicuous, and the rose colouring is wanting.
November, 1855.
ymtnui .n.XX^
^c
#
Vmcent Broob Imp-
NERITINA.
Species 89. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Soveebii. Ner. tedd glohosd, solidimculd, spird
vix exsertd, oblusd, anfractihus siipertie rude pUcato-
rugatis, deinde rotiindatis, rugis evanidis, aperturd
parvd, area columellari perdecUvi ; sordide grised,
carideo-nigro phm minus varie marmoratd ct fasciatd.
Sowerby's Nekitina. Shell globose, rather solid, spire
scarcely exserted, obtuse, whorls rudely plicately
wrinkled round the upper part, then rounded, with
the wrinkles fading, aperture small, columeUar area
very slanting ; dull grey, more or less variably mot-
tled and banded with blue-black.
Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaunis Conch, part 10. p. 528.
Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on the stony bed of a
small river) ; Cuming.
Distinguished by a characteristic globose nut-shaped
form, variously mottled with blue-black and grey.
Species 90. (Fig. a to/, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina dubia. Ker. testa ovatd, spird leviler exsertd,
lulerali, anfradihus subangustis, rotmidatis, Icevibus,
area columellari snhexcavatd ; fulvo-auraniid, fasciis
vel strigis undatis nigris varie pictd, interdum omnino
fulvo-aurantid, area columellari intense sanguined.
The doubtful Neritina. Shell ovate, spire slightly
exserted, lateral, whorls rather narrow, rounded,
smooth, columeUar area faintly excavated ; fulvous-
orange, variously painted with black bands or waved
stripes, sometimes altogether fulvous-orange, with
columeUar area deep blood-red.
Chemxitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 324-. pi. 193. f. 2019,
2020.
Neritina fasciata, Lamarck .
Neritina zebroides. Lesson.
Neritina reticulata, Quoy and Gaimard.
Neritina Philipineann.,, Sowerby.
Neritina tiella, Busch.
Gab. Eiver Pisag, Bay of Manilla (adhering to the piles
of wharfs) ; Cuming.
Though varying considerably in pattern, the ground-
colour of this species is invariably a rich fulvous-orange.
The columeUar area is sometimes tinged, sometimes deeply
stained with blood-red, but verv rare in the latter state.
November, 1855.
,\,riliii<i .11 XXL
^
^
nrtv (U ft litii
lincenl Bronlis Imp
NERITINA.
Plate XXI.
Species 91. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Neeitina pulchella. Ner. testa suhglobosa, spird ob-
tuse planntd, mifractibm convexk, nunc lavibns, nunc
plicato-siriatis, area columellari subangusid, declivi;
luiescente -rosed, caruleo-niffro, punctis internipio,
tinctd ml fasciatd.
The peetty Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire obtusely
flattened, whorls convex, sometimes smooth, some-
times plicately striated, columellar area rather nar-
row, slanting ; yellowish-rose, variously stained or
banded with blue-black, interrupted with dots.
Hub. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stones iu a small
stream) ; Cuming.
A small globose shell, variably painted, very much re-
sembling N.faha, but wanting the depression which cha-
racterizes the upper portion of the whorls of that species.
Species 92. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina virginea. Ner. testa oblique eonoided, swb-
globosd, spird parvd, subobtusd, anfraclibns siiperm
declivibus, lavibus, nitidis, aperturd parvd, area co-
lumellari percallosd ; albidd vel pallide grised, nigri-
cante-griseo plus minus reliculatd, interdimi rosacea. I
The virgin Neritina. Shell obliquely conoid, sub-
globose, spire smaU, rather obtuse, whorls slanting j
round the upper part, smooth, shining, aperture
small, columellar area very callous ; whitish or grey,
more or less reticulated with blackish-grey, some-
times tinged with rose.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 575.
Neritina; Brasiliana and Leucliii, Eecluz.
Hab. AVest Indies.
Of a pecidiar grey reticulated pattern, the network being
sometimes broken up into oblique irregular bands.
Species 93. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina pupa. Ner. tesfd subobliqtie globosd, spird pa-
rum exsertd, anfractibus convexis, lavibns, ared colu-
mellari plaiio-declivi ; alba, cceruleo-nigro plus minus
confertim strigatd vel reticulata.
The pupa Neritina. Shell somewhat obliquely globose,
spire but little exserted, whorls convex, smooth, co-
lumellar area flatly slanting, white, more or less
closely striped, or reticulated with blue-black.
Neritapupa, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1353.
IIuL. Jamaica.
A globose species, convoluted somewhat obliquely, re-
ticulated or striped with blue-black, varying more or less
iu the closeness of the pattern.
November, 185
Xmiiiia . PlJllL
#
#
*i
#
ttm'ect pToolis Imp
NERITINA.
Plate XXII.
Species 9-i. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina chlorostoua. Ner. tedd globosd, tenui, tu-
midiusculd, spird sulexsertd, anfractihus superne im-
pressis, delude rotundaiis, substriatis, area columeUari
declivi; interne ferritgineo-grised, albipmiclatd, ad sii-
turam vittaid, aperturd luted.
The yellow-mouthed Neritina. Shell globose, thin,
rather swollen, spire slightly exscrLed, whorls im-
pressed round the upper part, then rounded, sub-
striated, columeUar area slanting; dark rusty-grey,
dotted with white, filleted at the sutures, aperture
yellow.
Huoderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 201,
Hub. Tahiti (at the mouth of a small stream, at times
covered with salt water) ; Cmning.
Of somewhat light structure, dark grey, thickly studded
uith minute white dots, with the aperture yellow.
Species 95. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina triserialis. Ner. tesld subglobosd, spird vix
exsertd, anfractlbus mpenie subplanatis vel decUvibus,
area columeUari angustd, callosd ; tdgricanle-grised,
raaculis albidis aspersdju seriebus tribus distinctioribus.
The triserial Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire scarcely
exserted, whorls rather flattened round the upper
part, or slanting, columellar area narrow, callous;
dark grey, sprinkled with white spots, more distinct
in three rows.
SoWERBY, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. f. 521.
Hub. ?
A dark grey white-spotted shell, in which the spots in-
dicate, more or less distinctly, three interrupted bands.
Fig. 'JO. (Ml
ng-)
Species 97. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina cuprina. Ner. testa oblongo-conicd, spird tur-
binutd, anfruclibus superne impressis, deinde convexis,
oblique striatis, area columeUari subcallosd ; nigrd,
lineis uudutis luteis pallidi notatd, ared columeUari
aurantio tiiictd.
The copper Neritina. Shell oblong-conical, spire tur-
binated, whorls impressed round the upper part,
then convex, obliquely striated, columellar area rather
callous ; black, marked with very faintly indicated
zigzag lines, columellar area tinged with orange.
Recli'z, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Uab. ■ ?
A well-deliued conically turbinated black species, marked
with faintly indicated waved yellow lines, which impart a
coppery hue to the shell.
The fine specimen here figured proves to be a variety of
A', communis, represented nl I'l. .\ IX.
Species 9S. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina apiata. Ner. testd globoso-turbinald, tenuis-
simd, spird parviusculd, anfractibus superne planulatis,
delude rotundaiis, subangustis, ared columeUari sub-
uiupld ; cinereo-grised, punctis nivosis trausversis as-
persd.
The bee-marked Neritina. Shell globosely turbinated,
very thin, spii'c rather small, whorls flattened round
the upper part, then rounded, rather narrow, colu-
mellar area rather large ; ash-grey, sprinkled with
snow-white transverse dots.
Uecllz, Sovverby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 518.
Ilab. Island of Negros, Philippines (on stones in a moun-
tain stream) ; Cuming.
An unusually light turbinated species, of distinct ty])ical
character, dull grey sprinkled with small transverse whitish
flakes.
Xmtina.Pl.Xm.
^
#
VinMit Bitiols Imp
NERITINA.
Plate XXIII.
Species 99. (Tig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina spikalis. Ner. testa transvejse ovatd, tenui-
culd, spird parvd, parum exsertd, laterali, anfractibus
decussatim striatk, sidaiiffustis, ultimo mitice descen-
dente, aperturd oi-hiculari-ovatd, ared columellari ex-
cavatdj virescenle-ollvaced, sulipeUttcidd.
The spiral Nekitina. Shell transversely ovate, rather
thin, spire small, but little exserted, lateral, whorls
decussately striated, rather narrow, the last descend-
ing in front, aperture orbicularly ovate, columeUar
area excavated ; greenish-olive, subtrausparent.
Hai. ?
Of a characteristic spiral growth, and of a peculiar light
substance.
Species 100. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina striolata. 'Ner. testd snhglolosd, spird parvd,
oMusd, a)ifractibus convexis, coiicentrice tenid-striatis,
ared columellari callosd, aperturd parviiiscidd ; pal-
lida ciuereo-olivaced, puiiclis sparsis nigricautibus as-
persd.
The finely-striated Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire
small, obtuse, whorls convex, concentrically iinely
striated, columeUar area callous, aperture rather
small ; pale ash-olive, sprinkled with scattered black
dots.
Eecluz, Sowerby Thesam-us Conch, part 10. p. .537.
Iliib. ?
Of a dull Jii/punaria-Yike tone of colom', sparsely dotted
with black.
Species 101. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina picta. Ner. testd subglohosd, .spird obliisn, an-
fractibus convexis, lavibus, politis, ared cohniwllari
callosd ; pallide grised, carulescenle-nigro varie tt'iiiii
articulutd, area columellari vividc casluneo-rubrd.
The painted Neritina. Shell somewhat globose, spire
obtuse, whorls convex, smooth, polished, columeUar
area callous ; light grey, variously finely reticulated
with blue-black, columeUar area bright chestnut-red.
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1S33, p. 201.
Hub. Panama (on a raud-bauk partially overflowed «ith
fresh water) ; Cuming.
A beautifully reticulated grey porceUanous species, with
a bright chestnut-red columeUar area.
Species 103. (Fig. u, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Navigatoria. Ner. testd conico-lurbinald,
spird promimild, anfractibus siiperne decVmbus,dcinde
plarw-convexis, Icevibus, ared columellari subcallosd.
margine tciiue deuticulatd; oUvaceo-nigrd, lineis pal-
lidis lutescentibus, longitudinaliter undalis ornatd,
ared colmnellari lutescenfe.
The Navigators' Island Neritina. SheU conically
turbinated, spire ratiier prominent, whorls slanting
round the upper part, tlien flatly convex, smooth,
columeUar area rather caUous, finely toothed at the
edge ; olive-black, painted with faiut longitudinaUy
waved yeUow lines, columeUar area yeUowish.
Hab. Navigators' Island, Pacific Ocean.
Of rather light structure for this conoidal form of spe-
cies, faintly closely waveil with yeUowish lines upon an
oUve-blaek ground.
Species 103. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina pulgetrum. Ner. testd subglobosd, spird vix
conoided, obtusd, unfractibus superui concavis, delude
convexis, Icevibws, niteidibus, ared columellari callosd ;
vitreo-olivaced, lineis nigris transverse acute undatis
pulc/terrime notatd, ared columellari carneold.
The lightning-marked Neritina. SheO subglobose,
spire scarcely conoid, obtuse, whorls concave round
the upper part, then convex, smooth, shining, colu-
meUar area caUous ; glassy-olive, beautifully marked
with sharp transversely zigzag black lines, columel-
lar area carneliou.
llab. ?
A smooth yellowish-oKve shell, with a striking glassy
polish, marked with acute transversely zigzag black lines,
and having a caruelion callous columeUar area.
Species 104. (Fig. 103 b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina GuAYAauiLENSis. Ner. testd ovato-globosd,
subdepressd, spird obtuse exsertd, anfractibus convexis,
dense concentrice striatis, ared columellari callosd,
margine tenue denticulatd ; luteo-olimced, punctis re-
ticulatis marmoratd, ared columellari carneold.
The Guayaquil Neritina. Shell ovately globose, ra-
ther depressed, spire obtusely exserted, whorls con-
vex, closely concentrically striated, columeUar area
callous, finely toothed at the margin ; yellowish-olive,
mottled with reticulated dots, columeUar area carue-
Uon.
D'Orrigny, Sowerby Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. .53(1.
Hub. llealcjos, Guayaquil.
A somewhat obtuse deprcssly globose species, mottled
throughout with light black-edged dots upon a bronze-
Uke oUve ground.
November, IS 55.
yminid . PL XXIY.
Ill
#
>iriccut "Brooks Imp
NERITINA
Plate XXIV,
Species 105. (Figs. 101, 105, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina Layardi. aw. icntd oiaUi, valde depressd,
teii-iil, j)eUiiciJd, fipird ohliqiii intortd, deeussafim stri-
ata, an'd colimii'Uari perampld, snperne quadrato-
alntd; olkaceo-corned, niijro temii retiodaid.
Layauu's Nekitina. Shell ovate, very depressed, thin,
transparent, spire obliquely turned in, decussately
striated, columeUar area very large, quadrately winged
at the upper part; olive-horny, finely reticulated
with black.
Ilah. Cevloii; F. Layard, Thwaites.
Ufa subtransparent horny texture, conspicuously square-
winged at the upper part.
Species 100. (Fig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritis'a Solomonensis. Xat. testa oljUquu ovatd, sub-
di'prcsm, spird parvd, fere olsoletd, aiifractihus con-
vexis, concentric!; lirato-striatis, apertiird sitbexpansd,
area culnmeUari ainpld, callom, jiixla apicem sinuatd ;
olirdceii-lirviiiivd, iiiijro oljucure reticidatd, area colu-
Tiietluri xnmjiiliK'O-carneuln.
The Solomon Island Nekitina. Shell obliquely ovate,
rather depressed, spire small, almost obsolete, whorls
convex, concentrically ridge-striated, aperture rather
expanded, columellar area large, callous, sinuated
ne.xt the apex ; olive-brown, obscurely reticulated
with black, columellar area blood-stained carnelion.
Hat). Solomon's Island.
A very characteristic species in form, and also in sculp-
ture and eolourins;.
Species 107. (Fig. a, b, ;\Ius. Cuming.)
Nekitina Novo-Caledonica. Nat. testd depresse ovatd,
teiiaicnld, radiatiiii elevato-striatd, spird obliqiii: in-
tortd, ared coliimellari ampld, subdilatatd ; .wrdide
nigra, iutna cariite.xente, ared colnmellari pallide car-
ncold.
The New Caledonia Neritina. Shell depressly ovate,
rather thin, radiately elevately striated, spire obliquely
turned in, columellar area large, slightly dilated ; dull
black, interior blue, columellar area jiale carnelion.
Hab. New Caledonia.
This species also presents a distinct typical character,
thinly ovately expanded within, radiately striated witliout.
Species 108. (Fig. a, b, JIus. Cuming.)
Nekitina acigulata. Nat. testa depresse ovatd, tenui-
ciild, spird pared, oblique laterali, arifractibus suban-
gustis, dense radiatim striatis, aperturd dilatato-e.v-
pansd, area cotumeUari decliei, margine denticutatd ;
sordide nigra.
The suakp-euged Nekitina. Shell depressly ovate,
rather thin, spire small, obliquely lateral, whorls
ratlier narrow, closely radiately striated, aperture di-
lately expanded, columellar area slanting, denticu-
lated at the margin ; dull black.
MoRCH, MS. !Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Island of Nicobar.
Of light substance, chiefly characterized by an obliqui'
convolution of the ^inre, and dilately expanded aperture.
November, 1S55.
yrritiiKi PL XXY.
#
%
%
TVoote Imp
NERITINA.
Species 109. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Ciiraiiig.)
Neeitina MiCH.iUDl. Nff. tesfd siiljf/lolwm, sp'irii phino-
ohtusd, siduris impresus, anfracdbus mperni pkino-
concavis, deinde convi'xk, lavibns, poUtis, urea colu-
mellari callosd ; luteo-oUvaced, lineis ttlgris ncii/c
tratiseerse undatis ornata.
Michaud's Neritina. Shell subg-lobose, spire llutly
obtuse, sutures impressed, whorls flatly concave round
the upper part, then convex, smooth, polished, colu-
mellar area callous ; yellowish-olive, ornamented with
sliarp transversely zigzag black lines.
Recluz, I'ro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 31.5.
Ilah. Panama.
Of a polished glassy substance, neatly paiuted with
sharp transversely zigzag black lines.
Species 110. (Fig. «, 4, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina lentiginosa. Ncr. testa, couoideo-r/lobosd, so-
lidiiisculd, splrd ohtnad, aiifnictibiis siipcnie declivlbiia
et subntde pli(;i/u-.slrui//i, ami cii/in,ie/!iii-i siibcallvm ;
oVwacL'd, jiiiiivUs iiiniiilia alhix, iihjro nmbndk, pro-
miscue leuthiinusd.
The freckled Neritina. Shell couoidly globose, rather
solid, spire obtuse, whorls slanting round the upper
part, and rather rudely plicately striated, columellar
area rather callous ; olive, promiscuously freckled
with miuute black-shaded white dots.
Hab. Pacific Islands.
A dark olive Faludinu-Vika species, freckled with pro-
miscuous black-shaded white dots.
Species 111. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina pulchra. Ni/r. testa ovato-coiwided, solidd,
spird siibe.csertd, avfractibm s/ipenie coiicavo-dect/ri-
bus, ddnde conve.vis, taeibus, niteuttbus, area cohuiii'l-
tari callosd ; intense fiilvd, macidis yrandibus niijris
tessellatd aid fasciatd, interdum rnfo parti m tinctd.
The pretty Neritina. Shell ovately conoid, solid,
spire rather exserted, whorls concavely slanting round
the upper part, then convex, smooth, shining, colu-
mellar area callous ; dark fulvous, tessellated or
banded with large black spots, sometimes partially
tinged with red.
SowERiiY, Couch. Illustrations, f 59.
Hab. Panama.
A dark shining fulvous species, prettily tessellated uidi
black blotches, sometimes ranging in bauds.
Species 113. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina meleagris. Ner. testa conoideo-ijlobosd, spird
brevi, obtiisd, anfractibus convexis, Icevibus, area colu-
mellari calloso-declivi ; albidd, yriseo rarie reticulata
et Hieoso-punctatd.
The guinea-fowl Neritina. Shell conoidly globose,
spire short, obtuse, whorls convex, smooth, columellar
area callously slanting ; whitish, variously reticulated
with grey and snow-flaked.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 575.
Hab. Honduras Bay ; Dyson.
Distinguished by a characteristic pattern of grey net-
work interspersed with small white flakes.
Species 113. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Feaseri. Ner. testa depresso-subglobosd, spird
pannii exsertd, anfractibus superne concavis, deinde
convexis, concerdrice plicato-Uratis, ared colmneltari
latiusculd, declivi ; nir/ricante-olivaced.
Frasee's Neritina. Shell depressly subglobose, spire
but little exserted, whorls concave round the upper
part, concentrically plicately ridged, columellar area
rather broad, slanting ; blackish-olive.
Hab. West Africa ; Fraser.
A dark olive species, with a characteristic sculpture of
wrinkle-ridses.
jber, 1855.
Smlnu(.J'l\\yi-
#
#
#
^
NERITINA,
Plate XXVI.
Species 114. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming-.)
Neritina aspeksa. Ner. testa suhglohosd, teuuiciila,
spird ubtiise jdanatd, anfractibus eorriiffato-lim/is,
sujjenit' inn/iihilh, ciil (iiigiihiui loiii/i-sjiiiio.sis, area
COluiin-lhin Jrrlir
rbon
alhd, piincth liiln\ uiinulk olisriire axpi'isd.
The sprinkled Nekitina. Shell subglobose, rather
thin, spire obtusely flattened, whorls wrinkle-ridged,
angled round the upper part, long-spined at the an-
gle, columellar area slanting, a little sinuated at the
upper part ; coal-black, obscurely sprinkled with
minute yellowish dots.
Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming ; Sowcrby Thesam'us Conch,
part 10. p. 534.
Hab. Sandwich Islands.
Generally of small size, wrinkle-ridged throughout, and
crowned with long spines.
Species 115. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Souleyetana. Ner. tentd sithrilobosd, spird
plano-obtmd, avfractibiis lavihiis, .snjimir cimjithifiis,
ad angulum rude tuberctdatis ccl spiiinxh, xpii/is prr-
paucis distantibiis, area colinnrllnri dfcliri, nmnjiiir
subarcuatd ; virescenie-ollvaced, liiieis liUeis luiigitn-
dinalibus mibjlexuosis uitide pictd.
Souleyet's Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire flatly
obtuse, whorls smooth, angled round the upper part,
rudely tubercled or spined at the angle, spines few
and distant, columellar area slanting, slightly arched
at the margin ; greenish-olive, neatly painted with
slightly flexuous longitudinal yellow lines.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienue, 1843, p. 183.
Hab. Marquesas Islands.
The waved linear yellow painting of this species is per-
haps the most striking characteristic.
Species IIG. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina obtusa. Ner. testd siilKiiKidniln-nrdli, spird
obtitsd, anfractibus siiperne subcunrtivii-ilfi-lirihns, de-
inde plano-convexis, midique oblique rude plicafo-
striatis, area colmnellari callosd, snjierne sinuatd,
tnargine arcnatd et deiiticulatd ; sordide olivaced,
judiclis miii/itis albidis traiisversis leiitiginosd.
The obtuse Neritina. Shell somewhat squarely oval,
spire obtuse, whorls rather concavely slanting round
the upper part, then flatly convex, everywhere ob-
liquely, rudely, plicately striated, columellar area cal-
lous, sinuated at the upper part, arched and denticu-
lated at the margin ; dull olive, freckled with small
transverse white dots.
Benson, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part. 10. p. 517.
Ilab. Banks of the Ganges, Calcutta.
A solid obtuse species, of a dark olive-colour, freckled
throughout with small white dots, splashed transversely.
Species 117. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Jovis. Ner. testa conoideo-globosd, spira bre-
viiiscidd, anfractibus superue declivibus, deinde ro-
tundatis, lambns, area, columellari declivi, margine
arcuald et iiiiniite denticulatd ; nitenle-atrd, punctis
lineisqiicfidgnratis albidis pallide uotatd.
Jupiter's Neritina. Shell conoidly globose, spire ra-
ther short, whorls slanting round the upper part,
then rounded, smooth, columellar area slanting, arched
and minutely toothed at the margin ; shining black,
faintly marked with whitish dots and lightning
marks.
Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Eab. ?
A smooth, shining, black, conoidly globose shell, marked
with faint white dots and zigzag lines.
Species 118. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina cassiculum. Ner. testd obtuse conoided, sub-
globosd, solidd, spird vix exsertd, anfractibus subplano-
coinr.fis, iired columellari callosd, margine corrugato-
striald; luleo-olimced, nigro tenue retictdatd, area
columellari pallide curneold.
The little helmet Neritina. Shell obtusely conoid,
rather globose, solid, spire scarcely exserted, whorls
rather flatly convex, columellar area callous, wrinkle-
striated at the margin ; yellowish-olive, finely reticu-
lated with black, columellar area pale flesh-tinged.
Sowerby, Conch. Illustrations, f. 55.
Hab. ?
A solid bluntly conoid species, of a dark oUve-colour,
covered with a fine lacing of black.
November, 1855.
Jendna.?lJmi.
%
0
N E R I T I N A.
Plate XXYIL
Species 119. (Fig. a, h, Miis. Cuming.)
Neuitina SiauiJORENSls. Ner. teUd oblonyo-ovald, spird
intortd, mij'ractibus suhangusth, compressis, lavihns,
area colnmeUari lata, wargine contliiuo ; sordide cor-
ned, nit/ro obscure reticulata, Interdum roseo-radiutd.
The Siquijor Neritina. Shell obloug-ovate, spire
twisted inwards, whorls rather narrow, compressed,
smooth, columellar area broad, with the margin con-
tinuous ; dull horny, obscurely reticulated with black,
sometimes pink-rayed.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 198.
Hub. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (in a small stream) ;
Cuming.
A narrow compressed species, with a broad columellar
area, having a raised edge continuous with the margin of
the aperture.
Species 120. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Guadianensis. Ner. testd obhnijo-conmded,
solidd, spird snlprominuld, obtusd, aufractibm superne
declivibus, iii/ertie gibbosis, avfractu ultimo antice de-
Hcendenie, area colmnellari callosd ; sordid^ albd,
griseo-uigro dense reticulata.
The Guadiana Neritina. Shell oblong-conoid, solid,
spire rather prominent, obtuse, whorls slanting round
the upper part, gibbous round the lower part, last
whorl descending in front, columellar ai-ea callous ;
dull wliite, densely reticulated with greyish-black.
JIoRELET, Moll, du Portugal, p. 97. pi. 9. f. 3.
Hab. Guadiana, Portugal.
A solid Natica-Yiks species, witli the last whorl un-
usually descending in front, closely reticulated with grey-
black.'
Species 121. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina reticulata. Ner. te-itd ovatd, spird sub-
exserid, anfractibus subangustis, radiatim sulco-striatis,
area colmnellari declivi, subexcavatd ; lacteo-albd, in-
tense nigro laxe reticulatd.
The reticulated Neritina. Shell ovate, spire slightly
exserted, whorls rather narrow, radiately groove-
striated, columellar area slanting, slightly excavated ;
cream-coloured, openly reticidated with jet-black.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832, Couch. lUus. f. 2.
Hab. Lord Hood's Island (on saud in brackish water) :
Cuming.
Distinguished by a loosely reticulated pattern of jet-
black upon a cream-coloured ground.
Species 122. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Danhbialis. Ner. testd ovatd, spird vix ex-
nertd, anfractibus snbai/gustis, lavibus, ared columet-
Inri excavato-declivi ; albidd, strigis nigricantibus
Jtexuosis undique tramversim pictd.
The Danubian Neuitina. Shell ovate, spire scarcely
exserted, whorls rather narrow, smooth, columellar
area excavately slanting ; whitish, painted through-
out with transverse flexuous black streaks.
Ziegler, Deshayes Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. .592.
Neritina serratiliueata, Ziegler.
Hab. The Danube.
Painted transversely with Hexuous black lines, ranged
throughout with 2;reat regularity.
Species 133. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina violacea. Ner. testd ovatd, spird vix exsertd,
anfractibus subangustis, lavibtis, area colmnellari plano-
dnTn-ibus ; violacea, lineis griseis acute undatis dense
nebulatis.
The violet-tinged Neritina. Shell ovate, spire scarcely
exserted, whorls rather narrow, smooth, columellar
area flatly slanting; violet-tinged, thickly clouded
with zigzag grey lines.
Morelet, Moll, du Portugal, p. 92. pi. 9. f 1.
HaL. Coimbra, Portugal.
A rather narrow violet-tinged species, densely clouded
throughout with sharply zigzag grey-black lines.
January, 1856.
0
Qsidra'aiK .nlarged )
NERITINA.
Plate XXYIII.
Species 13-i. (Fig. «, b, iMus. Cuming.)
Neritina Pekrotettiana. Ner. testa ovatd, suhdepressa,
spird vix exsertd, obtusd, anfractibus superne coiwavo-
impressis, deinde convexis, lavibm, ared colitmellarl
htiuscnld ; carboHario-nigrd.
Perkotett's Neritina. Shell ovate, somewhat de-
pressed, spire scarcely exserted, obtuse, whorls cou-
cavely impressed on the upper part, then convex,
smooth, columellar area rather broad ; coal-black.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1S41, p. 3.37.
Hab. Ceylon; Dr. Gardner.
A smooth, coal-black, rather depressed species, but
little smaller in size than the accompanying figure. Tlie
inscription, " considerably enlarged," in the opposite Plate,
should be " slightly enlarged."
Species 125. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina fluviatilis. Ner. testa obloiigo-ovatd, spird
parvd, perspicue convolutd, anfractibus subatujmtis,
IcBvibus, nitentibtis, ared columellari latiusculd; nigri-
cante-molaced, macuUs albis reticulate aspersd.
The fluviatile Neritina. Shell oblong-ovate, spire
small, perspicuously convoluted, whorls rather nar-
row, smooth, shining, columellar area rather broad ;
blackish-violet, sprinkled with a network of white
spots.
Nerilajliwiatilis, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1253.
Neritina Balmatica, Partch.
Hab. Elvers of France and England.
A rather narrow oblong species, painted with pale
blackish-violet, splashed ivith white subelongated spots.
Species 126. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Listeri. Ner. testd suhglobosd, spird obtuse
planatd, anfractibus convexis, lavibus, ared columellari
callosd, tumidd ; lutescente-olivaced, lineis nigris Jlexu-
osis confertis pictd.
Lister's Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire obtusely
llattened, wiiorls convex, smooth, colnmellar area
callous, swollen ; yellowish-olive, painted with close-
set flexuous black lines.
Pfeiffer, Sowerby, Thesaurus Coneh. part 10. p. .534.
Ilab. St. John's River, Nicaragua.
A subglobose, rather callous species, very i
ith close-set fle\uous black lines.
ally painted
Species 127. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina 1>aconi. Ner. testd .mboblongo-ovatd, spird
subexserlii, ohliisil^ anfractihns convexis, concentrice
stria/is, iii/('i////iin. (irrii i-uhiniellari subcallosd ; sor-
dide ciiien/v, iiigni iint niiciilafd aut Jle.vuoso-Uneatd.
Bacon's Neritina. Shell suboblong-ovate, spire slightly
exserted, obtuse, whorls convex, concentrically stri-
ated, shining, columellar area rather callous ; dull
ash-colour, reticulated or ilexuously lineated with
black.
Ilab. Swan River ; Dr. Bacon.
Somewhat resembling the preceding species in respect
of its linear variety of painting, but of a more spirally co-
noid form, and uarrouer.
Species 138. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Guinerii. Ner. testd depresso-orbiculari, spird
obtuse planatd, anfractibus angustis, versus aperturam
lalioribus, spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, aperturd rotun-
dato-expansd, ared columellari declivi ; carbonario-
nigrd.
GuiNEit's Neritina. Shell depressly orbicular, spire
obtusely flattened, whorls narrow, broader towards
the aperture, spirally linearly grooved, aperture ro-
tundately expanded, columellar area slanting ; coal-
black.
Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 541.
IM.
Distinguished by its pinched compre;
round expanded aperture.
ed spire and
January, 185G.
^Win■Na.Pl.^IX
# ^
% #
^
0
Vmcent broolis [mp
( SliRl.tK. r,J,-u-sed )
NETxITINA.
Species 129. (Fig. n, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Jordani. 'Ner. testa obtuse conoided, ohesd,
spird vix exaertd, anfractibus plano-decUvibm, lavibm,
nitentibm, area coliimeUari callosd ; olivaceo-Jlavm-
cente, slrujin fmc'ia flexuom deme pictd.
The Jordan Nebitina. Shell obtusely conoid, stout,
spire scarcely exserted, whorls flatly slanting, sniooth,
shining, columellar area callous ; olive-yellow, densely
painted with flexuous brown streaks.
SowERBY, Conch. lUus. f. 49. Thesaurus Conch, part 1 0.
p. 531. pi. 115. f. 213-215.
N. Elleppenniiiin, Eccluz.
Hab. River Jordan.
A stout solid species, painted tliroughout with close-set
red-brown flexuous streaks.
Fig. 130. (Mus. Cuming.)
The specimen here figured proves to be a characteris-
tic variety of N. violacea, represented at Plate XXVII.,
Fig. 123.
Species 131. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina tenebricosa. Ner. tedd depresne ylobo-vl,
teuuiculd, spird parvd, parmn exsertd, anJ'riirlUnis
subplano-comexh, ared columellari angustd, dirliri,
ape/i/ira .•i/'fji>„//i/ci ; fumeo-oUvaced, lineis nigrk acute
undid ut I V I niiisrri-hl'i p'lctd.
The dakk-suaued Neritina. Shell depressly globose,
rather thin, spire small, but little exserted, whorls
rather flatly convex, columeUar area narrow, slanting,
aperture rather large ; smoky-olive, painted with
sharply zig/ag transverse black lines.
C. B. Adams, Contributions to Conchology, p. 175.
Hab. Jamaica.
A light subglobose species, painted with close-set sharply
zigzag black Hues upon a dull smoky-olive ground.
Species 132. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Dringii. Ner. testd depresse oblongd, subcon-
tortd, .ipird vix exsertd, plus minus erosd, anfractibms
super He u/ijn
dri,ldr
,l,rl
l,l,Jl-
'dull.
.ilrrdm,
varie fasi-int
pictd.
Dring's Neritina. Shell depressly obloug, somewhat
contorted, spire scarcely exserted, more or less eroded,
whorls impressly concave round the upper part, pli-
cately striated, then convex, columellar area nan-ow,
slanting; black, variously banded with yellow, some-
times painted with minute waved black lines.
Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming. '•''-
Hub. North Australia.
Very distinct in character, both with respect to I'orni and
painting.
Species 133. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina turbida. Ner. testd orbiculari, perdepressd,
temd, spird parvd, vix exsertd, anfractibus corwexis,
concentrice striatis, ared columellari mbampld, callosd,
upcrturd expansd ; fumeo-oUvaced, nii/ro obscure re-
lirnhiid.
The disturbed Neritina. Shell orbicular, very de-
pressed, thin, spire small, scarcely exserted, whorls
convex, concentrically striated, columellar area rather
large, callous, aperture expanded ; smoky-obve, ob-
scurely reticulated with black.
Morelet, Test. Nov. Americ;c Centralis, p. 27.
Hab. River Machaquilan, Guatemala.
k light, orbicularly depressed shell, peculiiuly thinly
rotundately expanded.
January, 1856.
jcntiim ,
FLIU.
#
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0
[ MoJeialrly .-nlurgod .)
■fincent Bioaks Imp
NERITINA.
Plate XXX.
Species lo-i. (Fig. 134' and 135, Mus. Cuiniug.)
Neuitina glabeata. Ner. testa obliqtie ovatd, soUdd,
■ipird obtusd, anfractihus convexis, Itsvibiis, niteidihus,
area columellari dense callosd, aperttird niimdd; hi-
tescente-albd, nigro fasciatd vel varie lineatd.
The smooth Neritina. Shell obliquely ovate, solid,
spire obtuse, whorls convex, smooth, shiniug, colu-
mellar area thickly callous, aperture very small ; yel-
lowish-white, banded or variously lineated with black.
SowERBY, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 535. pi. 116. f.
356-363.
I lab. ?
A beautifully polished, callous, pea-like shell, variously
t'licii'cled with black bauds or lines.
136. (Fig. a, b, iVIus. Cuming.)
Nebitina Desmoulinsii. Ner. testd depressi orbicit-
lari, spird obtuse plamtd, jjliis minus erosd, anfracti-
hus convexis, lavibiis, ared cotmuellari subangustd, de-
dim, aperturd ampld, rotnndato-expamd ; carlonario-
nigra.
Desmoulins' Neritina. Shell depressly orbicular, spire
obtusely flattened, more or less eroded, whorls convex,
smooth, columellar area rather narrow, slanting, aper-
ture large, rotundately expanded; coal-black.
Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Tahiti.
Distinguished chiefly by its depressed rotundately ex-
panded aperture.
Species 137. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina lutesta. Ner. testd ovatd, tenuiculd, spird
subexsertd, anfractihus convexis, concentrice -itriatis,
ared columellari declivi, aperturd subexpansd ; sordide
fulod, rufo-fiiscescente obscure tessellatd.
The soiled Neritina. Shell ovate, rather thin, spire
moderately cxsorted, whorls convex, concentrically
striated, columellar area slanting, aperture slightly
expanded ; dull fulvous, obscurely tessellated with
red-browu.
Mouelet, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Portugal.
A thin, dull-looking species, almost of the texture of a
Lyiinuea, but nevertheless prettily variegated with rudily
Species 138. (Pig. r^ b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Afbicana. Ner. testd sttborbicutari, spird
parrd, vix exsertd, anfraclibiis plam-convexis, area
columellari subangustd, declioi; sordide nlbd, liueis
uigricantibus eximiisjlexuosis iuterrupiis nofafd.
The African Neritina. Shell suborbicular, spire small,
scarcely exserted, whorls flatly convex, columellar
area rather narrow, slanting ; dull white, marked with
delicate interrupted black flexuous lines.
Ilah. Africa.
A small, rather compressly convoluted species, markeil
with characteristic faintly pencilled blackish flexuous lines,
more or less interrupted.
January, 1S56.
^Wltwa.^l.x.UI.
0
#
NERITINA.
Plate XXXI.
Species 13y. (Fig. n, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Macri. Ner. testa ovatd, spird subexsertd,
plus minus erosd, anfractibus superne leviter impressis,
cleinde convexis, 1/svibns, area cohtmelluri decUvi ; ni-
tente-atrd.
The Macri Neritina. Shell ovate, spire slightly ex-
serted, more or less eroded, whorls faiutly impressed
round the upper part, then convex, smooth, columel-
lar area slanting -, shining black.
Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 531. pi.
116. f. 222.
Hab. Asia Minor; Lieutenant Spratt, R.N.
A small shining jet-black species, with the spii'e gene-
rally more or less eroded.
Species 140. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina carinata. Ner. testd subglobosd, spird pla-
natd, plus muiiis erosd, anfractibus superne concam-
angulatis, deinde rotutidato-carinatis, infra convexis,
ared columelhiri decliri ; pallide virescenfe, lineis oll-
caceo-nigrisjlexuosis confertim pictd.
The keeled Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire flat-
tened, more or less eroded, whorls concavely angled
round the upper part, then rotundately keeled, con-
vex beneath, columellar area slanting; pale green,
painted with close-set flexuous, olive-black lines.
Koch, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 516. pi.
114. f. 157, 15S.
Hab. ■?
Strongly characterized by a prominent rounded keel,
which gives a concavely angled structure to the upper part
of the whorls.
Species lU. (Fig. «,/., c, r/, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Mertoniana. Ner. testd ovatd, suhjlobosd,
solidd, spird parnm exsertd, obtusd, anfractibus con-
vexis, lavibns, nitentibus, ared columellari plus miiias
callosd ; fjriseo-albd, itigricante varic retictdutd et
fasciatd.
Merton's Neritina. Shell ovate, subglobose, solid,
spire but little exserted, obtuse, whorls convex,
smooth, shining, columellar area more or less callous ;
greyish-white, variously reticulated and banded with
black.
Eeclcz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 71.
Neritina nehulata, Recluz.
Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines (on stones in a small
stream) ; Cuming.
A subglobose callous shining species, variously rcticu-
lately banded and enlaced with black upon a greyish-white
ground.
Species 142. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Rangiana. Ner. testd oblongo-ovatd, depre.'ixd,
Haliotidiformi, .^pird pared, iJj/iiw e.r.si'rid, anfractibus
superne rude angulatis, dfiii<h' pliimitis, urea columel-
lari subampld, callosd ; pitHiili- virrnvinde, liiieis Jlcx-
uosis nigris, opaco-alho margiuatis.
Rang's Neritina. Shell oblong-ovate, depressed, ila-
liotis-shaped, spire small, obtusely exserted, whorls
rudely angled round the upper part, then flattened,
columellar area rather large, callous ; pale green,
marked with flexuous black lines, edged with opake
white.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 339.
Hab. Dumaguete, Island of Negros, Philippines (on stones
in a small stream) ; Cuming.
This species, it will be observed, is of a very peculiar
form, and singularly niarknl.
February, 1850.
^WnlmlJ'I.^M.
^
( R^UTc-s in..<liTatelv mUrS.-.l )
Viiiceiu 3ti^<*s Ii^T
NERITINA.
Figj. 11-3 and 14G. (Mus. Cumiug.)
The shuUs here figui-ed represent respectively the N.
Immvenalis, Ziegler, and N. rarispina, Recluz, and are
varieties of the European N.fluviatiUs.
Species 144. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekitina TRiSTis. Ner. fenUl subylobosd, spird pand,
mhexserld, lavigatd, arvd rolumellari declivi ; cteru-
ho-niyrd, puncth attls dfiisS aspersd.
TnK SAD Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire small,
rather exserted, smooth, eolumellar area slanting;
hlue-black, densely sprinkled with white dots.
D'Orbigny, Hist. Moll. Cuba.
IM. Cuba.
A small pea-shaped species of a dark blue-black colour,
densely sprinkled with minute white dots.
Species 145. (Fig. a, /;, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Adansoniana. Ner. testa oblique conicd,
crasuusculd, spird obtusd, aufractibus declivibus, basi
iumidiifsculis, area columellari callosd ; ftilnd, Uneis
nigris reticulalis vel strigatis.
Adaxson's Neritina. Shell obliquely conical, rather
thick, spire obtuse, whorls slanting, rather swollen at
the base, eolumellar area callous ; fulvous, reticulated
or streaked with black lines.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1S41, p. 313.
Hab. Senegal.
Of a solid conical form, with an obtusely exserted spire.
Species 147. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina tuifasciata. Ner. testa subcompresse ovatd,
teiiiii, semipellHcidd, spird parvd, obtuse planatd, an-
fractibus stibangttstis, lavibits, area columellari ampld,
plano-coiicavd ; pallid^ cinered, nigricante pallidi tri-
fasciutd.
The tiieee-banded Neritina. Shell somewhat com-
pressly ovate, thin, semipellueid, spire small, ob-
tusely flattened, whorls rather naiTow, smooth, eolu-
mellar area large, flatly concave ; pale ash-colour,
encircled with three faint blackish l)ands.
Mexke, MS. Mus. Cuming.
Hab. ?
Closely aUied to the European N. jtuoiatilis, but having
the spire flattened.
Fel)ruary, 1856.
^',rmnJi n.wi.
^
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( Fiftiirfs inoilcratJ-K- ciilM-i«l.)
Smvaiydflet-kli
Bioolte Imp
NERITINA.
Plate XXXIII.
Species 14S. (Fig. a, h, iliis. Cuming.)
Neritina Anatolica. Ner. k'std siibr/lobosd, spira parvii,
subexsertd, anfradibus eonvexis, lavibiis, area colii-
mellari declivi ; dilute nUjro i'mctd et lineatd.
The Anatolia Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire small,
slightly exserted, whoi-Is convex, smooth, columellar
area slanting ; lineated and stained with dilute black.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 342.
Hab. Symrua, Aleppo, Sidon, and Scio (in fountains) ;
Recluz.
A solid smooth subglobular species, stained with dilute
black.
149. (Fig. a, b, Mus. C
ng-)
Neritina Boueguignakti. Ner. tedd subattenuato-
oblongd, spird coiispkui convoluid, anfractilus sub-
compressis, lavibits, ared coliimellari ampld, siibexca-
vaid; carbonario-atrd, sape erosd.
Bourguignart's Neritina. Shell subattenuatcly ob-
long, spire conspicuously covoluted, whorls rather
compressed, smooth, columellar area large, slightly
excavated ; coal-black, often eroded.
Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming. '• '
Hab. ?
Of rather narrow elegant spiral growth, with a rather
large slightly excavated columellar area.
Species 150. (Fig. o, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Christovalensis. Ner. testd subquadrato-
orbiculari, depressd, spird obliqiie intortd, anfradibus
eonvexis, iitriuque auriculaid, aperturd ampliier dila-
tatd, ared columellari declivi, margine minute denti-
culatd; lutescente-albd, pwpnreo-roseo pulcherrinie
7tiarmoratd.
The Christotal Neritina. Shell somewhat squarely
orbicular, depressed, spire obliquely twisted in, whorls
convex, auriculated on both sides, aperture largely
dilated, columellar area sh
lated at the edge ; yellowi
with purple-rose.
Hab. St. Christoval, Solomon's Island:
ing, minutely denticu-
white, prettily mottled
Macgillivrav.
A solid compressly raised shell, auriculated on each side
with a largely dilated aperture, prettily mottled witii pur-
ple rose.
Species 151. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina rostrata. Ner. testd oblomjo-quadratd, spird
inlortd, snhcentrali, valdi: productd, quasi rostrata,
anfradibus elcmtis, perangustis, aperturd dilatatd,
ared coUumellari ampld, supenie quadrato-anriculatd :
intense fHSco-oUvaced, intus rufescente-fuscd.
The beaked Neritina. Shell oblong square, spire
twisted inwards, almost central, much produced, as
if beaked, whorls raised, very narrow, aperture di-
lated, columellar area large, squarely auriculated at
the upper part ; dark brownisfa-olive, interior red-
brown.
Hab. Ceylon ; F. Layard.
A narrow rather compressed species, with a squarely
dilated aperture curiously distinguished by the produced
beak-like structure of the spire.
Species 152. (Fig. «, i, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina pisiformis. Ner. testd globosd, spird pand,
vix exsertd, anfradibus rotundatis, subrugoso-striatis,
ared columellari subampld, declici ; carbonario-atrd.
The pea-shaped Neritina. Siiell globose, spire small,
scarcely exserted, whorls rounded, somewhat rougidy
striated, columellar area rather large, slanting ; conl-
black.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1842, p. 181.
Hah. Tahiti?
A solid globular species, deep black, rather rougidy
striated and more or less eroded.
February, 1856.
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y-.ucj.X. binok.s IlT
NERITINA
Plate XXXIV.
Species 153. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.)
Neritina vibidis. Nei\ testa, oblique civali, spird parvd,
parmn exsertd, anfmctibm convexis, subcaiffustis, lavi-
bus, Hiteutibus, area columellari callosd ; pellucido-
virescente, pmictk albis Unmqite iM/ris cnpiMarlbi/s
mrieijatd.
The okeen Neeitina. Shell obliquely oval, spire small,
but little e.xserted, whorls convex, rathei- narrow,
smooth, shining, columellar area callous : transparent
green, variegated with black hair lines and white
dots.
LiNN^us, Syst. Nat. (12th rdit.), p 12.54.
Hab. West Indies.
Chiefly distinguished by its narrow nbl
form, and semitransparont substance.
ivate
and Wttn
Figs. 154 and 156. (Mus. Cuming.)
The specimens iiere figured represent the N. Michaudi
<ia nl' Becluz, and are varieties of N.fliiviatilis.
Species 155. (JIus. Cuming.)
PREVOSTIANA. Ner. ledd Hnbobllque ovali.
spird inliJe tiirbi until, niifriictibus co/wexin, snbangus-
tis, area ciiliimflhiri e.rcavato-planatd ; intense caru-
leo-nigrd.
Puevost's Neritina. Shell somewhat obliquely oval,
spire neatly turbinated, whorls convex, rather narrow,
columellar area excavately flattened ; deep blue-
black.
SOWEKBY, Conch. Illus. |) If)
Hab. ?
Of a rather narrow uljli(|uely oval fori
ing blue-black.
very dark shin-
Species 157. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.)
Neritina Nilotica. Ner. testa subgloboso-ovatd, spird
subexsertd, unjractibus rotundaiis, area columellari
subcallosd ; hdescente, olivaceo dense lineatd.
The Nile Neeitina. Shell somewhat globosely ovate,
spire a little exserted, whorls rounded, columellar
area rather callous ; yellowish, densely lineated with
olive.
Hab. Banks of the Nile.
Of a peculiar subglobose fornj, painted with close-set
waved olive lines upon a yellowish t;-round.
]^mtiim,Fl.iny,
%
^
Sowcri)' Sal et inl ^ - ^^ Aincent Broaiv Imp
( Jloaei-alfly enlai-aed )
NERITINA.
Species 158. (Fig. a, i, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Sdccinea. Ner. testa ol)loiigo-ovatd, tenni,
pellucidd, spirit parm, anfractibus Itsvidiis, s/ipen/e
concavo-planaid, area columellari siibampld ; colore
siircineo.
The Succinea Neritina. Shell obloiig-ovate, thin,
transparent, spire small, whorls smooth, concavely
flattened at the upper part, eoluraellar area rather
large ; amber colour.
Recluz, Revue Zool. See. Cuvierienne, 18+1, p. 343.
Hab. Guadaloupe.
A small, transparent, Succiuea-like species, resembling
X. fliimntllis in form.
Species 159. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Peloponnesa. Ner. testa augusti ovatd, spird
subnmpM, phm inuim erosd, anfractibus convexis, con-
centrice a/rifi/ist, area columellari .inhanipld ; nitenfe
alrd.
The Pelopoxnesian Neritina. Shell narrowly ovate,
spire rather large, more or less eroded, whorls convex,
concentrically striated, columellar area rather large;
shining black.
Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hah. The Morea.
Distinguished from N. Jiiwiatili^ by its spiral plan of
convolution and concentric strife.
Species 160. (Fig. o, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina lugubris. Ner. testd ovatd, spird parvd,
appressd, anfractibus angiistis, versus aperturam e.v-
paiisis, area columellari lata; nitente caruleo-nigrd.
The mourning Neritina. Shell ovate, spire small,
appressed, whorls narrow, expanded towards the
aperture, columellar area broad ; shining blue-black.
Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch, pi. 1. f. 9.
Hab. Sandwich Islands.
A shining black species, with a rather expanding aper-
ture.
Species 161. (Fig. o, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina siderea. Ner. testa ovato-turhinatd, spird
subexsertd, anfraclibns convexis, stiperne leviter im-
pressis, lavibus, area columellari deelivi ; nitente atrd.
The shining Neritina. Shell ovately turbinated, spire
rather exserted, whorls convex, slightly impressed
round the upper part, smooth, columellar area slant-
ing ; shining black.
Gould, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hah. Sandwich Islands.
A smaU, shining black species,
spire.
th a rather turbinated
Species 163. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina ldctuosa. Ner. testd ovato-conicd, spird tur-
hinutd, anfractibus convexis, superne leviter coucavis,
obscure concentrice striatis, ared columellari deelivi,
suhe.rcavatd ; nitente atrd.
The sad Neritina. Shell ovately conical, spire turbi-
nated, whorls convex, slightly concave round the
upper part, obscurely concentrically striated, colu-
mellar area slanting, subexcavated ; shining black.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, IS-H, p. 317.
Hah. ?
A shining black shell, distinguished from t
species by its more turbinated conoidal form.
preceding
March. 1856.
#
mritina,Fl.IXiyL
rtry i\A d.Mi
Ymoe-Tit IBxoQk& imp
( Moaei ately enlarged
NERITINA.
Plate XXXVI,
Species 163. (Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina zebrixa. Ner. lesid oblique ovaiti, siibaiiffusift,
sjjird co/itractd, anfraciibm convexis, versus ajierturam
expansd, area coluniellari latiusculd ; lutescente, lineis
acute undatis dense strigatd.
The little zebra Neritina. Shell obliquely ovate,
rather narrow, spire contracted, whorls convex, ex-
panded towards the aperture, columellar area rather
broad ; yellowish, densely striped with zigzag lines.
Hecluz, Bevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienue, 1841, p. 341.
Hab. Montpellier.
This may probably be a variety oi N.JiuviatiUs, but we
have been led to figure it because more varieties of Neri-
tina have been indiscriminately referred to that species
than are admissible.
Species 164. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Michouii. Ner. testd ovatd, spirdparvd, plus
minus erosd, anfractibus convexis, lavibus, area colu-
niellari declivi ; nitente atrd.
MiCHOu's Neritina. Shell ovate, spire small, more or
less eroded, whorls convex, smooth, columellar area
slanting; shining black.
Bourguinati, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hab. ?
A small shining black species, with an eroded apex.
165. (Fig. «, i, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina meridionalis. Ner. testd anguste ovatd, spird
parvd, dislincte convoliitd, anfractibus convexis, sub-
compressis, lavibus, ared columellari laid, plano-ex-
cavatd ; lutescente-albd, olivaceo-nigro dense reticu-
lata.
The meridian Neritina. Shell narrowly ovate, spire
small, distinctly convoluted, whorls convex, rather
compressed, smooth, columellar area broad, flatly ex-
cavated ; yellowish-white, densely reticulated with
olive-black.
Philippi, Enum. MoU. Sicil. p. 159. pi. 9, f. 13.
Neritina Moreleti, Recluz.
Neritina elongatula, Morelet.
Hab. Sicily, Portugal.
Rather elongately convoluted, and painted wi
network of olive.
Species 166. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritixa Anatensis. Ner. testd oblongd, compresse ro-
tundatd, solidd, spird parvd, subobscitrd, anfractibus
convexis, nitentibiis, ared columellari perainpld, cal-
losd ; peUucido-ctsrulescente, strigis griseis obliipie no-
tald.
The An ato Neritina. Shell oblong, compressly rounded,
solid, spire small, rather obscure, whorls convex,
shining, columellar area very large, callous ; trans-
parent-bluish, marked with oblique raised streaks,
Eecluz, Sowerby, Theasarus Conch, part 10. p. 535. pi.
116. f. 247, 248.
Hab. Portugal.
A polished pea-like shell, of a compressed oblong form,
with the spire indistinctly exserted.
Fig. 167. (Mus. Cuming,)
The shell here figured, Neritina thermalis, Boube, must
1)6 regarded as a variety of N.ftiwiatilis.
Species 168. (Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Oualanensis. Ner. testd rotundato-ovatd,
spird parvd, obscurd, anfractihis rolundatis, leevibm,
politis, area columellari sttbangnstd, callosd; lutes-
cente-albd, griseo varie Uueatd aiit reticulato-fasciatd.
The Odalay Neritina. Shell rotundately ovate, spire
small, obscure, whorls rounded, smooth, polished,
columellar area rather narrow, callous ; yellowish-
white, variously lineated or rcticulately banded with
gi-ey.
Recldz, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Neritina Mertoniana, var., Sowerby.
Hab. Oualay, Sandwich Islands.
Distinguished chiefly from N. Mertnniaua, which in-
habits the Philippine Islands, by its thinner substance
and rounded pea-like form.
March, 1856.
JS^entfnn^Fl.nmi.
%
0
^m
So-.vw'r-; ael.ellrth
VanciSit Brociks 3mj .
NERITINA,
Plate XXXVll.
Species 161). {Vig. a, l>, Mus. Cdimiiig.)
Neritina Numidica. Ner. lestd omtd, sjiird parvd, iJu-
ftucfd, mifractibtts comexis, tumidimculh, lavibiis,
nred columellari subnmpid, excavato-planata ; nigra.
The Numidian Neritina. Shell ovate, spire small, dis-
tinct, whorls convex, slightly tumid, smootli, colu-
mellar area rather large, excavately flattened ; black.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. .3tfl.
f. 179.
llah. Numidia.
A black ovate form of N . jlmnatUh.
Species 170. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina arctilineata. Ner. testa subobUqiie ovatd,
spird parvd, mifractibus convexis, lavibus, area colu-
mellari siibangiistd ; lutencente, Vmeis nigris Jlexuosis
dense pictd.
Tfie close-lined Neritina. Shell rather obliquely
ovate, spire small, whorls convex, smooth, columellnr
area rather narrow ; yeUowish, densely painted with
flexuous black lines.
Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. ]>. .5.31.
Hub. ■ — -?
An obliquely ovate species, of rather light substance,
painted with close-set flexuous lines upon a yellowish
jrround.
Species 171. (Mus. Chimmo.)
Neritina Chimmoi. Ner. testa ovatd, spird quasi ex-
sertfi, erosfi, anfractihus superne concavo-impressis,
spirali/cr sulcatis, sulcis superficiariis, -vtbjlexuosis,
irregularibus, juxta suturam confertioribus, ared co-
lumellari subangustd, declivi, leevi ; carbonario-atrd,
ared columellari tistnlato-sanguineo intense linctd.
CiiiMMo's Neritina. Shell ovate, spii-e as though ex-
serted, altogether eroded, whorls concavely impressetl
round the upper part, spirally grooved, grooves su-
perficial, rather flexuous, irregular, closer next the
suture, columellar area rather narrow, slanting,
smootli; cdal-
with scorched
irab. ?
lack, columellar art
xiod-rolour.
deeply staine
This fine species, in which the columellar area is cha-
racterized by a peculiar burnt blood-stain, was collected
liy Lieutenant Chimmo, we believe, in Australia or New
Zealand. Owing to the absence of the collector abroad J
.•iin unable to verify the locality.
Species 173. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina Panayana. Ner. testd oblique ovatd, tenui,
tiniudiusculd, spird atteniiatd, compressd, ared colu-
mellari subampld, excavato-planata ; lutescente, Uriels
iiigris tenuibm jlexuosm dense pictd.
The Panay Neritina. ■ Shell obliquely ovate, thin,
rather swollen, spire attenuated, compressed, colu-
mellar area rather large, excavately flattened ; yel-
lowish, densely painted with fine fiexuous black lines.
Sowekby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 517. pi- 115.
f. 191.
Ilab. River Dingle, Island of Panay (on small stones) ;
Cuming.
A delicate shell, of light semitransparent substance,
compressly attenuated towards the spire.
Species 173. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neritina inuuinata. Ner. testd subquadrato-ovatu,
spird parvd, anfractihus convexis, tumidiusculis, ared
columellari subexcavaid ; olivaced, Uneis tenuibus ni-
gris marmoratd et reticulatd.
Th£ dyed Neritina. Shell somewhat squarely ovate,
spire small, whorls convex, rather swollen, columellar
area slightly excavated ; olive, mottled and reticu-
lated with tine black lines.
JIorelet, Mus. Cuming.
Hub. ?
C)f a rather square ovate form, closely mottled and re-
ticulated with black lines upon an olive ground.
NERITINA.
Plate. Spfcics.
aciculata, March XXIV. 108
aculeata, Gmelin XVIII. 84
Adansoniana, i?«cfej XXXIl. 14.5
adumbrata, Reece XII. 57
Africana, Reeve XXX. 138
amphibia, Lesson II. 7
Anatensis, Reclii: XXXVI. 166
Anatolica, Recluz XXXIII. 148
angulosa, Recluz XL 51
apiata, Recluz XXII. 98
aquatiUs, Reere XV. 73
arctilineata, Recluz XXXVII. 170
aspersa, Recluz XXVI. 114
asperulata, Recluz X. 45
aterrima, Koch XVI. 78
auriculata, Laniarck- XVII. 83
avellaiia, Recluz XIV. 64
Bacoui, iffwe XXVIH. 127
Beckii, i?(?cZ«.' in. 11
bella, Busch XX. 90
Bengalensis {Nerita), Cliemn. . . XL 50
bicanaliculata, Recluz XVII. 79
bicolor, Recluz I. 5
Bouvguignarti, Recluz XXXllI. 149
Brasiliana, Recluz XXL 92
brevispina, Lamarck VI. 28
Bruguieri, Recluz X. 46
calata, Recluz XIV. 67
Caffra, Grai/ VIII. 37
Californica, Rme IV. 20
canalis, Sowerby I. 1
c&nn&ta, Koch XXXI. 140
cariosa, Gray XIII. 60
cassiculum, Sowerby XXVI. 118
Chimmoi, Aw« XXXVII. 171
chlorostoma, Broderip XXII. 94
Christovaleusis, Reeve XXXIII. 15U
cii'cumvoluta, Recluz VIII. 35
communis, Quoy XIX. 88
cornea (Nerita), Linn ... II. 7
cornuta. Reeve XIII. 63
corona (Nerita), Linn , . VI. 27
Crepidularia, ia/«a/rX' VIII. 38
Cumiugiana, Recluz IX. 41
euprina, Recluz XXII. 97
Cuvieriana, Recluz XVIII. 87
DaUalica, Partdi XXVIII. 125
Danubialis, Zieffler XXVII. 122
depressn, Benson XVIII. 86
Desmoulinsii, Recluz XXX. 136
diadema, Recluz V. 22
dilatata, Broderip XVII. 81
dolium. 7?fcfa.- III. 15
Douovani, Recluz VI. 25
Dringii, Recluz XXIX. 133
dubia, Ckemmlz XX. 90
Elleppenensis, Eecluz XXIX. 129
elouffalula, Morelet XXXVI, 165
faba, Sowerby XIV. 65
fasciata, Lamarck XX. 90
Floridana, Shuttleworth XVIII. 85
fliiviatilis, LinucBus XXVIII. 125
Fraseri, Reeve XX^ . 113
Mgetnnn, Reeve XXIII. 103
gagates, Lamarck X. 47
glabrata, Sowerby XXX. 134
granosa, Sowerby . IV. 18
Guadianensis, Morelet XXVII. 120
Guayaquilensis, D'Orbiijny . . XXIII. 104
Gninerii, Recluz XXVIII. 128
inquinata, Morelet XXXVII. 173
insculpta, Reeve XV. 70
intermedia, Broderip III. 14
inteiTupta, Recluz XLV. 66
Jordani, Sowerby XXIX. 129
iosii, Recluz XXVI. 117
Knorri, Recluz II. 6
labiosa, Sotcerby I. 3
latissima, Broderip III. 13
l-A^ax&i, Reeve XXIV. 105
Leachii, Eecluz XXI, 92
lentiginosa. Reeve XXV. 110
lineolata, Lamarck XII. 54
Listeri, P/('#r XV. 71
longispina, Recluz V. 21
luctuoza, Recluz XXXV. 162
lugubris, PhUippi XXXV. 160
Iwiesia, Morelet XXX. 137
Macgillivrayi, Reeve IV. 16
Macri, Recluz XXXI. 139
Marchionata, Reeve HL 12
melanostoma, Troschel ...... VIII. 38
raeleagris, Lamarck XXV. 113
meridionalis, PhUippi • XXXVI. 165
NERITINA.— INDEX.
Mortoniana, Recht:
Michaudi, Rcduz
Michouii, Bourguignarli
Mittrema, Recluz
XXXI.
XXV.
XXXVI.
XXXIV.
VI.
XXXVI.
IX.
XVI.
XXIII.
XXXI.
XXXIV.
XXIV.
XXXV 11.
V.
XXVI.
I.
XXXVI.
IV.
XIII.
XXXVII.
IV.
XXXV.
XXVIII.
II.
XX.
XXIII.
IV.
XXXIII.
VII.
XVI.
XXXIV.
XXV.
II.
X.
XXI.
XXXI.
XXXII.
VIII.
XI.
. XX.
XXVII.
XXXIII.
VII.
XV.
XII.
XVII.
Ul
109
164
1.56
37
165
43
75
103
141
157
107
169
33
116
16S
17
59
173
18
159
134
90
101
19
152
30
76
155
Ul
9
48
93
142
146
34
53
90
131
151
31
69
58
83
sanguinea, Sowerhy ....
.. X.
... VIII.
44
36
serratilineata, Ziegler . . ..
serralata, Recluz
siderea, Gould
Siquijorensis, Recluz
.. XXVII.
. . . XII.
. . XXXV.
. . XXVII.
.... IX.
122
55
161
MoreJeti, Eecluz
119
42
.... IX.
40
Navigatoria, Reeve
nebulata, Recluz
Nilotica, Reeve
Novo-Caledonica, Reew
Numidioa, Redu:
solida, Eecluz
.... I.
.... XVI.
2
77
Solomonensis, Reeve
Souleyetana, Recluz ....
So\erbii, Recluz
spinifera, Recluz
spinosa, Sowerby
spiralis. Reeve
.... XXIV.
.... XXVI.
.... XX.
.... XI.
.... XI.
.... XXllI.
I.
106
115
89
49
obtusa, Bemon
52
99
Oualauensis, Recluz
4
squamosa, Recluz
.... XII.
VII.
56
Oweniana, Gray
31
striolata, Recluz
.. XXlll.
lOO
papulosa, Jay
subauriculata, Recluz ...
subgranosa, Recluz
... XVII.
V.
80
34
PeiTOtettiana, Recluz
Petitii, Recluz
PldUpphmmni, Sowerby
. VI.
26
II.
10
Succinea, Recluz
sulcata, Nyst
... XXXV.
.... XVIII.
158
84
piperina [Nerila), Chemnitz . . .
Taliitensis, Lesson
tenebricosa, C. B. Adams.
thermalis, Baubc
Tourauensis, Souleyet . . .
transversalis, Ziegler
trifasciata Menke . . .
... XIII.
.... XXIX.
XXXVI.
... VIII.
.... XXXII.
. . XXXII.
63
131
167
Powisiana, Recluz
Prevostiana, Sowerhy
pulclira, Sowerby
puUigera (Nerita), Liuna;iis .
punctulata, Lamarck
pupa, Limieeiis
Rangiana, Recluz
rarispina, Recluz
38
143
147
triserialis, Sowerby
tristis, L)' Orh'ujny
Tritonensis, Le Guillou. . .
turbida, Morelet
turrita {Nerila), Cherau. .
Tiu-toni, Sowerhy
vespertiiia, Nuttall . . ... .
.... XXII.
.... XXXII.
.. . XIV.
.... XXIX.
.... VII.
... XVI.
.... XIII.
.... XXVII.
95
144
68
133
31
74
Recluziana, Le Guillou
reticulata, Quoy
reticulata, Sowerhy
rostrata. Reeve
61
123
virginea, Lamarck
viridis, ii««
.... XXI.
.... XXXIV.
IX
92
153
39
rugata, Recluz
Sandalina, Recluz
Sandwichensis, Deshaye-s
zebrina, Recluz
zebroides. Lesson
zigzag, Lamarck
.... XX.XVI.
. . XX.
VII.
163
90
29
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
N A T I C A
It sees the oceau to its bosom clasp
The rocks aad sea-sand with the kiss of peace ;
It sees the wild winds lift it in their grasp,
And hold it up, and shake it like a tleecc.
The startled waves leap over it ; the storm
Smites it with all the scourges of the rain,
And steadily against its solid form
Press the great shouUlcrs of the hurriiane." — Lunijfeliow.
]^(jUi(^ PL J.
>
#
i
SowEfiiy dfl *ith
Vmrrat Broofe %
NATICA.
Plate I.
Genus NATICA, Adcmson.
Tenia globosa vd neritoidea, interdiim aperti bijlntii, ^pird
irevi, scspisslme rix exsertu, aiifractibiis pa/tcia, iimhi-
licum amplum formantUms, mine caUosUute dciiad hn-
pleto, nunc callodtate colmnnari qjiraliter iidrantc,
apertiird plerumqiie plus miwu^ lunari. Operculum
interdum, testaceim, sapissinie corneum, spirale.
Shell globose or neritoid, sometimes openly inflated, spive
short, very often scarcely exserted, whorls few, form-
ing a large umbilicus, which is sometimes filled with
a dense callosity, sometimes with a columnar callosity
entering spirally, aperture generally more or less
lunar. Operculum sometimes testaceous, generally
horny, spiral.
The comparatively recent discovery that the soft parts
of Natica are similar to tliose of Si(jaretm, requii-ed that
these genera, which in Lamarck's time wore arranged at
some distance from each other in the system, should be
brought into more immediate relationship. By malacolo-
gists, indifferent to the characters of the shell, the Natica
have been removed to the Siffaivli ; but conchologists, un-
willing to lose sight of their obvious and long-acknow-
ledged affinity in this respect with the Nerites, have caused
the Sigareii to be removed to the Neritacea. It was by
the French navigators, MM. Quoy and Gaimard, during
the voyage of the ' Astrolabe,' that the animal portion of
Natica was first fully observed, though figm-ed a century
before by Adanson. Dift'ering essentially from that of
Nerita, it proved to be of very much larger dimensions
in proportion to the size of the shell, distinguished by a
broad mantle-like expansion of the foot, and characterized
by a more or less thickened circular ridge, holding the
shell, and sometimes almost concealing it from view. The
Natica has, moreover, a retractile proboscis, which the
Nerite has not, and it is of more predaeeous habits. The
lobe which carries the operculum is also largely developed
and reflected over the shell. The animal of Sigaretius is
of similar structure ; and looking alone to its distinctive
features of organization, there is little family relationship
between it and the typical soft parts of Neritacea.
The shells of Natica are not particularly variable in
form. They are nearly all of the same peculiar semiglo-
bose, lunar-apertured plan of convolution, which is cha-
racteristic of the Nerites, mostly largely umbilicated, but
having the umbilicus sometimes filled up with callous
enamel, and sometimes partially filled with a peeidiar
spiral columnar callosity. Little, however, as this varia-
tion is, the Natica have been divided into seven genera : —
Natica proper {N. canrena), Liouitin, Lamarck (iV. moidli-
fera), Neverita, Kisso {N. alhiimeii), Ampullina, Lamarck
{N.Jliwtuata), Ruma, Chemnitz {N. Maura), Mamma, Klein
(iV. mamiiiiUa), and Naticiiia, Gray (iV. papilla). The
chief conchological distinction between the genera Nerita
and Natica is, that whilst the Nerites are mostly strongly
grooved, and otherwise sculptured, and richly painted, the
Natica are smooth and polished, as is almost invariably
the ease with shells more or less enveloped by the soft
parts of the animal, and painted, generally with light co-
lours.
The Nulira' live mostly in sandy and muddy beaches,
at about low-water mark, and are strictly caruivorous.
Speaking of a large species, N. /leros, inhabiting the
shores of Massachusetts, Dr. Gould says, in his history of
the Invcrtebrata of that State; — "This, in common with
other species of Natica, is very voracious, and plays a
conspicuous part in devouring the dead fish and other
animals which are thrown up by the tide. Many of the
shells thrown upon the shore are found to be perforated
with a small round hole : this is done principally by the
difi'erent species of Natica. They have the power of per-
forating shells, it is generally supposed, by discharging an
acid which decomposes the shell, and through the aper-
ture they extract the juices, and destroy the lives of the
otherwise secure inhabitants. Their foot is very large, so
as to completely envelope the objects on which they prey.
In moving, they burrow in the sand, so as to be almost
entirely concealed by it, and their place is generally indi-
cated by a small heap of sand. The singular nidus in
which the animal of Natica deposits its eggs has been an
object of much curiosity and speculation. It is a mass of
sand glued together into the shape of a broad bowl, open
at the bottom, and broken at one side. Its thickness is
about that of an orange-peel, easily bent without breaking
when damp, and when held up to the light will be found
to be filled with little cells, arranged in quincunx order.
Each of these cells contains a gelatinous egg, having a
yellow nucleus, which is the embryo shell."
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natic.\ Ca.aipeachiensis.. N,iI. Icsld umliiticatd, de
April, 185
NATICA.— Plate I.
presso-globosd, crasm, suhtus cancavd, spird parvd,
coHvexo-depressd, anfractihm ohliqiie striatic, superne
coiicavo-declwibus, deiiide rotundafis, aperturd pyri-
formi-ovatd, Iwrizontali, coltmidld teiiuicidd, ciillo-
sitate ampld laid spirali mnblUciim fere impletitp ;
pallide grised, callositate et aperturce fauce caataneo-
spadiceis.
The Campeachy Natica. Shell umbilicated, depressly
globose, thick, concave beneath, spire small, coii-
vexly depressed, whorls obliquely striated, concavely
slanting at the upper part, then rounded, aperture
pyi-iformly ovate, horizontal, columella rather thiu,
with a large broad spiral callosity nearly filling the
umbilicus; light grey, callosity and interior of the
aperture chestnut-fawn.
Eecluz, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hall. Campeachy Bay, Gulf of Mexico.
This fine species is distinguished from its congeners of
the same gigantic dimensions, by its more depressly glo-
bose fonn and flattened spire.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica heros. Nat. testa profimde umbilicatd, globom-
tiirbinatd, temdcidd, injlatd, spird subexsertd, a/ifrac-
J'ractibus rotimdatis, liBvit/atis, superne subdepressis,
juxta suturam obsolete plicato-margbudk, aperturd
mboblongd; sordide c'mered, epidermide temii fidvidd
indidd, intiis fmcescente.
The hero Natica. Shell deeply umbilicated, globosely
turbinated, rather thin, inflated, spire rather ex-
serted, whorls rounded, smooth, slightly depressed
at the upper part, obsoletely plicately margined nest
the suture, aperture suboblong; dirty ash, covered
with a thin fulvous epidermis, interior brownish.
Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 248.
Hab. Bay of Massachusetts, United States (on sandy and
muddy beaches) ; Gould.
This fine species, distinguished by a rather light, glo-
bose form, is very closely allied to iV. diipUcata, so near,
indeed, that we have great doubt of its being actually
distinct.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Recluziana. Nat. testd obtecte mnbUicatd, co-
idco-tiirbinatd, cramssimd, snbtns excavato-depressd,
xpird siihi'xsertd, obtusd, anfractibns Icsvibus, .vipeme
dc'divihus, Infra convexis, aperturd oblique contractd,
colmnelld callositate densissime super umMlicum crasse
refle.vd ; sordidi cinered, juxta stduram obscure fmco-
fasciutd, c(dlositate carueo-fnscescade.
Recluz's Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, co-
nicaUy turbinated, very thick, excavately depressed
beneath, spire rather exserted, obtuse, whorls smooth,
slanting at the upper part, convex below, aperture
obliquely contracted, columeOa with a very dense
callosity thickly reflected back over the umbilicus;
dirty ash, obscurely brown-banded next the sutm'e,
callosity flesh-brown.
Deshayes, Mag. de Zool. 1841. Moll. pi. 37.
Hab. California; Plinds.
This fine species is remarkably characterized by its
heavy growth and monstrous callosity. The shell figured
by Dr. Gould at No. 1G4 of his work on the Invertebrata
of Massachusetts as a variety of iV. dupUcata appears to
be an immatm-e N. Reclu:iaua.
Salin::'riL
.^^
^
0"
NATICA,
Species -1-. (Mus. Cuming.)
NiTICA DUPLICATA. Nat. tl'dii SIlMll'Cli lUilbUicilId,
siihoUongo-globosd, spird exsertd, anfractibus IcBvibus,
rotimdalis, s/ipenie subdi'press'iK, ad mtnrnni obsolete
liiartjbiatis, aperturd snboblongd, lahro coluhidlari mib-
callom ; sordide cinered, epidermide tfiini fidrhh! in-
diitd.
The duplicate Natica. Shell with a slightly covered
umbilicus, suboblong-globose, spire exserted, whorls
smooth, rounded, a little depi-essed at the ujiper
part, obsoletely margined at the suture, aperture
rather oblong, columellar lip rather callous; dirty-
ash, covered with a thin fulvous epidimnis.
Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphin, vol. ii. p. iM.
Hob. Bay of Massachusetts, United States ; Newfoundland.
This species scarcely differs from N. Iicros, inhabiting
the same locality, except in being of a more oblong form,
which is of doubtful importance. The shell iigured by
Dr. Gould for this species, in his work on the Invertebrata
of JIassachu.setts, at No. 164, appears to be N. R('dii:iana.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica glauca. Nat. testa snpcrjicialifcr iiinhilicald, Jc-
pri'.'iso-orbicidari, .11114118 excavatd, tciui'iciild, spird brc-
rmiind, plano-concavd, anfractiius dense arcnuto-slr'ia-
tk, dedm-convexis, ad peripheriam. obsolete rot audit to-
car'matis, aperturd depresso-obllqud, labia saperiie le-
riter siniiato, columeUd callositate insigni spirali, e.v-
tits ptanatd ; plus minus glaued, intus nitente-castancd,
cnllositate intense custancd.
The grey Natica. Shell superficially umbilicated, dc-
pressly orbicular, excavated beneath, rather thin,
spire very short, flatly concave, whorls densely ar-
cuately striated, slantingly convex, obsoletely rotun-
dately keeled at the periphery, aperture deprcssly
oblique, lip slightly sinuated at the upper part, co-
lumella with a peculiar spiral callosity, outwardly
flattened ; more or less grey, interior shining chest-
nut, callosity dark chestnut.
Humboldt, Deshaj^es, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. ('>.)1.
Natica patnla, Sowerby in Zool. Journ. vol. i. p. GO,
pi. 5.
Hah. West Columbia (in sandy mud, deep water) ; Cuming.
A light, concavely depressed species, with an extremely
characteristic, flatly-abraded, spiral callosity. Humboldt's
name for this species not having been fairly published by
the illustrious traveller, would seem to give Mr. Sowerby's
some authority, but that there is a fossil Natica patnla..
Species G. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Lamakckiana. Nat. testa aperte umbllicaid, de-
presso-globosd, spird convexd, vix elevatd, anfractibus
lavigatis, minute dny/ssfitljii s/rialis, aperturd oblongu-
ovatd, subawpld, cului.ii'lUl tfimiculd, callositate lata,
sulcata, rccurrd, uuibiUco ainplili'r angulato-o'caxvito ;
spadiceo-grised, obscure fa sci aid, callositate castaned.
Lamakok's Natica. Shell openly umbilicated, depressly
globose, spire convex, scarcely raised, whorls smooth,
minutely decussately striated, aperture oblong-ovate,
rather large, columella rather thin, with a broad,
grooved, recurved callosity, umbilicus largely angu-
larly excavated ; fawn-grey, obscurely banded, callo-
sity chestnut.
Recluz, MS., ]\Ius. Cuming.
Ilab. ?
Eesembling N. problematica in form and colour, but of
larger size, and differing slightly at the suture and umbi-
lical excavation.
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Ciiejinitzii. Nut. testa anguste subobtecti um-
bilicatu, globosd, spird conve.tu,parum elevatd, anfrac-
tibus oblique .^triatis, superne depresso-concavis, deinde
rotundulis, aperturd pyrifurmi-oratd, colunielUl tenui-
culd, callositate latissinid, recurcd, .sulcata ; pluuibeo-
grised, subtus albidd, callositate et apertures fa uce cas-
taneis.
Chemnitz's Natica. Shell with a narrow partially co-
vered umbilicus, globose, spire convex, but little
raised, whorls obliquely sti'iated, depressly concave
round the upper part, then rounded, aperture pyri-
formly ovate, columella rather thin, with a very
Ijroad, recurved, grooved callosity ; lead-grey, whitish
beneath, callosity and interior of the aperture chest-
lUlt.
Keclvz, J\IS., Mus. Cuming.
Ilab. ?
This species presents exactly the same typical charac-
teristics as the preceding, more globose in form, with the
umbilicus only slightly angularly excavated, and the cal-
losity broader and entirely pressed back.
April,
^
Xaiim.PlJU
m
■*>\
,*^>-
■-cat
Tincent 'Irook Imp
NATICA.
Plate III.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica glaucina. Nat. testa, depresw-globosd, siiHus e.v-
cuvatd, (uiipliter muhUicatS., callou'dute crami, spirali,
spird obtiisd, anfmctibiis rotmidatia, pnrtim leeviliiis,
nitentihus, partim oblique striatis, apcrtiird parviun-
c/tld, semilunar i ; carneo-cinered, spadieed infra su-
turam, callo et apertura fauce purpurascente iiiictis.
The glaucine Natica. Shell depressly globose, exca-
vated beneath, largely umbilicated, with a thick,
spiral callosity, spire obtuse, whorls rounded, partly
smooth and shiniug, partly obliquely striated, aper-
ture rather small, semilunar; flesh-tiuged ash, bufl'
beneath the suture, callosity and interior of the aper-
ture tinged with purple.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 62.5.
Nerita glancina, Linnaeus.
Hab. Mediterranean.
This shell, inhabiting the Mediterranean, is, M. Des-
haycs thinks, the recent analogue of the fossil N. olhi of
M. Marcel de Serres.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
Xatica spadicea. Nat. testd profundi urMUmld, (jlo-
bosd, spird brevi, aufractibus rotundatis, juxta. sutu-
ram concavo-depressis et pUcato-striatis, apertiird lu-
nari-ovatd, ampld, suhiffusd, cohmieUd callositate spi-
rali mediocri ; albidd, fasciis casta/ico-fuscis diluiis
cingulatd, epidermide tenui indutd.
The fawn Natica. Shell deeply umbilicated, globose,
spire short, whorls rounded, concavely depressed and
plicately striated next the suture, aperture lunar-ovate,
large, somewhat eft'used, columella with a moderate
spiral callosity ; whitish, encircled with chestnut-fawn
dilated bands, covered with a thin epidermis.
Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 13th ed.
Hab. Singapore (iu sandy mud at a depth of six fathoms) ;
Cuming.
A fine, elegantly spiral species, encircled with broad,
undefined, diluted chestnut-fawn bands.
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica fllx'TUAta. Nal. testd iviperforatd, subrjlobosd,
spird brevissimd, apice acutd, aufractibus teiiuissinti
striatis, ultimo peramjdo, oblique effuso, aperturd am-
pld, patidd, cohimclld dense encaustd; palUde spa-
diced, striffis albidis fluctuatis nolatd, columella ebur-
iied, intense castaneo marginatd.
The waved Natica. Shell imperforated, subgiobose,
spire very short, sharp at the apex, whorls very finely
striated, the last very large, obliquely effused, aper-
ture large, open, columella densely enamelled ; light
fawn, marked with waved white streaks, columella
ivory-white, edged with deep chestnut.
SowERBY, Tankerville Catalogue, Appendix, p. 12.
Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming.
This fine Natica is distinguished from all other species
of the genus by its obliquely effused form, waved and
chestnut-stained colouring, and absence of umbilicus.
Species 11. (ilus. Cuming.)
Xatica Panamaensis. Nat. testd subanguste umbilicatd,
ovato-globosd, subventricosd, subponderosd, spird brevi,
apice acutd, anfructibus superne conve.vis, medio declivi-
depressis, ad basin snbexpansis, minntissime decttssatim
striatis, apertiird oblongo-semilimari, columella callosd;
eburued, epidermide temdssimd indutd.
The Panama Natica. Shell rather narrowly umbili-
cated, ovately-globose, slightly ventricose, rather
heavy, spire short, sharp at the apex, whorls convex
at the upper part, slantingly depressed in the middle,
rather expanded round the base, very minutely de-
cussately striated, aperture oblong-semilunar, colu-
mella callous ; ivory-white, covered with a very thin
epidermis.
Pecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 181.3, p. 208.
llab. Bay of Panama (in fine sand at ten fathoms) ; Cuming.
A rounded species, of very pure white substance, pecu-
liarly slantingly depressed round the middle, and densely
encircled with very minute stria;.
April, 1855,
Xatica.Fl.IV.
6r«
^^
^^
\
,^.
ty
W
NATICA.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica prrspicua. Nat. testa compreme perspective
nmliilicata, ohlongo-oriitii, spird fnihtiirhbiatd, olitnsd,
anfractibus snperiie di-c/iri-roi/rr.r/s, dtiiiife rotiiinhilis,
/■aviffatis, vel minutissiiue deciixsulim slriulis, nJtiiiiu
conspicue descendeiite, aperturd limari, cohuiieUd cal-
losd, prtccipiie ad partem superiorem; rosaceo-albd,
nmbilico castaneo.
The perspicuous Natica. Shell compressly perspec-
tively umbilicated, oblong-ovate, spire slightly turbi-
nated, obtuse, whorls slantingly convex, then rounded,
smooth, or minutely decussately striated, last whorl
conspicuously descending, aperture lunar, columella
callous, especially at the upjier part ; pink-white,
umbilicus chestnut.
Recluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. p. 370. pi. 14. f. 1, 3.
Hab. Mouth of the Oregon Eiver, Upper California;
Lieut. Baskerville.
The chief characteristic of this species consists in its
open, compressly perspective purple-chestnut umbilicus,
arising from the last whorl being loosely convoluted, and
more than usually descending below the other.
Species 1.3. (^lus. Cuming.)
Natica Cumingiana. Nat. testa prof/mdissime perspec-
tive umbilicatd, ovato-veiitricosd, solidiuscidd, spird
obttmo-conoided, apice acuta, anfractibus lavibus, ni-
teutibus, vel miuutissime striatis, ad sjttiiras callosis,
deinde declivi-convexis, aperturd semitutiari, columelld
leviter calloso-rejlexd ; anrantid vel aiirantio-spadiced,
fasciis duabus albis dilntis spiratibiis jiixta svtnras.
Cuming's Natica. Shell very deeply perspectively umbi-
licated, ovately ventricose, rathei; solid, spire obtusely
conoid, sharp at the apex, whorls smooth, shining,
or very minutely striated, callous at the sutures,
then slantingly convex, aperture semilunar, columella
slightly callously reflected ; orange, or orange-fawn,
with two spiral infused white bauds next the suture.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1813, p. 310.
Eadera, Natica paUiidii, Recluz.
Hab. Island of Cuyo, Philippines (in sandy mud, deep
water) ; Cuming.
This fine species is chiefly characterized by its infused
white double sutural band, and deep perspective umbili-
cus, on the columellar side of which there is only a mode-
rate callosity.
Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica canrena. Nat. testa sitbangiiste profunde miibi-
licatd, siibglobosd, ventricosd, spird brevi, subprominula,
aiifracfib/is lavibus, spiraliler rotimdatli, ultimo antice
suhdescciidente, aperturd semilmiari, colimdld callosi-
tate mediocri; rufesceiite-cnsfaneu, :oiiis pallidis cin-
gulatd, zonis strigis nigricaute-fHScis uiidntis longitu-
dinaliter pictis, basi alba.
The flamed Natica. Shell rather narrowly deeply
umbilicated, subglobose, ventricose, spire short,
rather prominent, whorls smooth, spirally rounded,
the last somewhat descending in front, aperture semi-
lunar, columella with moderate callosity; reddish-
chestnut, encircled with pale zones longitudinally
painted with zigzag blackish-brown streaks, base
white.
LiNN.Eus, Mus. Ulr. p. 674.
Hab. West Indies.
The zigzag-marked bands of this well-known species
are sometimes neatly articulated. The operculum is cu-
rious in being of a solid testaceous substance circularly
grooved.
Species 15. (JIus. Cuming.)
Natica effusa. Nat. iestd profundi nvMlicatd, ovato-
ventricosi, spird brevissimd, mamiUari, anfractibus
convexis, nitentibus, miuutissime decussatim striatis,
ad siitiiras opaco-callosis, nltimo subeffuso, aperturd
sewiluiiari, columelld callositate mediocri; subpellu-
cido-albd.
The EFFUSED Natica. Shell deeply umbilicated, ovately
ventricose, spire very short, mamillary, whorls con-
vex, shining, very minutely decussately striated,
opakely callous at the sutures, last whorl rather ef-
fused, aperture semilunar, columella with a moderate
callosity ; subtranspareut-white.
SwMiNSON, Zoological Illustrations, pi. 104.
Ilab. Moluccas.
A rather light subpellucid-white effuseil mamillary spe-
cies, a Uttle opake in the sutures.
April, 1855.
^\
Xalicd . PL V.
mmm
*r^v-v-'
/
?^
Ti
NATICA,
Species 10. (^^Eus. Cuming.)
Natica pyeifoumis. Nat. testa oUecte umbilkatd, oh-
lougo-pyriformi, spird parvd, mamillari, atifractihns
superiie coiicavo-declivibus, delude convexis, ultiiiio
siibeffuso, aperturd semiltmari, colmnelld callosd, cal-
toutate lata, mnbilicimi impleide ; nitente-ebiirned.
The pear-shaped Natica. Shell with a covered um-
bilicus, obloug pear-shaped, spire small, mamillary,
whorls concavely slanting round the upper part, then
convex, the last somewhat effused, apertm-e semi-
lunar, columella callous, callosity broad, tilling np
the umbilicus ; shining ivory-white.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 311.
Hab. Ilo Ilo, Island of Panay, Phihppines (on the sand at
low water); Cuming. Mouth of the Huan Iviver,
Australia (in sandy mud, ten fathoms) ; Lieut. Collie.
A polished ivoiy species, chiefly distinguished by its
oblong-pyriform effused growth.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Petiveriana. Nat. testa aperti umbilkatd, de-
presso-orbicidari, subtus concavd, spird brevi, parum
exsertd, anfractibus convexis, lavlbtis, vel minute de-
cussatim striafis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, Jwri:oufali,
columella tenuicnld, caUositate proiuiuente spirali sul-
cata, mnbilico subanrjidato-excavato ; cinereo-griscd,
pal/ide carulesceide stricjatd, subtus alliidd, callosi-
tate et aperturee fance castaneis.
Petiver's Natica. Shell operdy umbilicated, depressly
orbicular, concave beneath, spire short, but little ex-
serted, whorls convex, smooth, or minutely decus-
sately striated, aperture lunar-ovate, horizontal, colu-
mella rather thin, with a prominent grooved spiral
callosity, umbilicus slightly angularly excavated ; ash-
grey, faintly blue-streaked, whitish beneath, callosity
and interior of the aperture chestnut.
Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Catbalonga, Island of Samar, PhiKppiues (on sand
banks at low water) ; Cuming.
Distinguished from several allied species of the same
type, by its compressly orbicular form.
Species IS. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica maculata. Nat. testa umbilicafd, ijlolmd, tur-
gidd, spird paululicm exsertd, aiifractibns lavibus, vel
obsolete strialis, rotmtdatis, aperturd semilnnari, levi-
ter effitsd, columelld callositate spirali umbiticiim ui-
traute ; Uvido-albidd, fulvo-sanguineo viaciihtd, mu-
cidis obscure trizonatis, iutus rubescente-violaced.
The spotted Natica. Shell umbilicated, globose, tur-
gid, spire a little exserted, whorls smooth, or obso-
letely striated, rounded, aperture semilunar, sbghtly
effused, columella with a spiral callosity entering the
umbilicus; livid white, spotted with fulvous-red,
spots obscurely three-zoned, interior reddish-violet.
Desiiates, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 045.
Natica dense maculata, Chemnitz.
Natica adspersa, Menke.
Natica millepuudata, var., Philippi.
Ilab. Mediterranean.
The spots of this well-known species are more or less
promiscuously blotched, and gather obscurely into IIhtc
bands.
Species 19. (ilus. Cuming.)
Natica columnaris. Nat. testd aperte perspectice um-
bilicatd, ovato-globosd, venttkosd, spird mJuuUl, i-i.r
elevatd, anfractibus conve.vis, lavigatis, ad suturiim
corrugato-striatis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, subumpld,
effusd, colmnelld callositate conspicud spirali, umbdicu
late angulato-excavato ; eburned.
The columnar Natica. Shell openly perspectively um-
bilicated, ovately globose, ventricose, spire very small,
scarcely raised, whorls convex, smooth, wrinkle-stri-
ated at the suture, aperture lunar-ovate, rather large,
efi'used, columella with a conspicuous spiral callosity,
umbilicus broadly angularly excavated ; ivory-white.
Recluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. p. 391.
Uab. Pasacao, Province of South Camarines, Island ul'
Luzon, Philippines (iu sandy mud at six fathonjs) ;
Cuming.
A shining white neritoid species, ventricose and effused,
with a peculiarly open spirally excavated umbilicus.
Api-il, 1855.
Natica ,P/. 17.
'^^
.ciii Biooks Imp
NATICA.
Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
N.\TICA AURANTiA. Nat. tedd obkcte miiliUcald, ohlottr/o-
ovatd, crassissimd, ponderosd, spird parvd, subcallom,
apice didincto, anfradibus -minutissime decusmtim
driatk, mperne concavo-dedivibus, ieinde subplaii/i-
luto-co/ifp.ri.':, apertiird parra^ semilnnari, cohuneJld
callosd, call nail II 1 1' hild, tii^ihiViciim hiiplnnle ; vividi;
fulvo-annii/lui, riillo.vfalf rhiiriied.
The orange Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus,
obloiig-ovate, very thick, ponderous, spire small,
rather callous, apex distinct, whorls very minutely
decussately striated, concavely slanting at the upper
part, then somewhat flatly convex, aperture small,
semilunar, columella callous, callosity broad, filling
up the umbilicus ; briglit fulvous orange, callosity
ivory-white.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Dcshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p.
633.
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs) ; Cuming.
A shell of very solid ponderous growth, of a brilliant
fulvous-orange colour, distinguished by the delicate con-
trast of the bright ivory-white enamelled callosity, which
fills up the umbilicus.
Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica problematica. Kal. tedd laQ aperte lunbUicafd,
depnsso-orbicidari, subtus planatd, spird vix elevntu
anfradibus convexis, siiperno concavo-drpressis et sub-
tiliter plicato-s/ria/ix, u per turd liniari-oriitd, lwri:oii-
tali, columelld caltusitnlr parrd, iiuihijico hdisdmi cx-
cavaio; fflaitco-ci/wreii, rcrs/rs apicmi cn-rnleiiccufe,ca/-
lositate etfauce apertnra castanns.
The problematic N.atica. Shell broadly openly um-
bilicated, depressly orbicular, flattened beneath, spire
scarcely raised, whorls convex, concavely depressed,
and finely plicately striated at the upper part, aper-
ture lunar-ovate, horizontal, columella with a small
callosity, umbilicus very broadly excavated ; glaucous-
ash, bluish towards the apex, callosity and interior
of the aperture chestnut.
Naticg intermedia, Eecluz (not of Philippi).
Hab. China.
A depressed glaucous species, bluish towards the apex,
but tinged with bright yelk-yellow beneath the suture.
Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Powisiana. Nat. testa aperte oblique iirnbili-
catd, ovato-vcnlricosd, spird brevi, siibcallosd, apice
aciild, anfradibus hcribiis, nitentibus, snperne siibcal-
losis, coiivexis, apertiird semilnnari, colitiiielld callosi-
tale mediocri; vivide ridienie-spadiced, fascia vitellim
distindd juxta suturam, callositate et columelld ebur-
Powis's Natica. Shell openly obliquely umbilicated,
ovately veutricose, spire short, rather callous, sliarp
at the apex, whorls smooth, shining, rather callous
at the tipper part, convex, aperture semilunar, co-
lumella with a moderate callosity; bright reddish-
fawn, with a distinct yelk-yellow band next the su-
ture, callosity and columella ivory-white.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1SI.3, p. 210.
Hab. Moluccas; Cuming.
This fine species is well characterized by the light band
which encircles the whorls next the suture, it being pecu-
liarly distinctly defined.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica albula. Nat. testa obtede timbilicatd, depresso-
ijlobosd, siibventricosd, snbtus planatd, spird minutd,
apice acuta, anfradibus subqiiadrato-convexis, politis,
obsolete sulciito-sfrialis, aperiiird luuari-ovatd, sub-
effiisd, coltiiiielld densii callosd, callositate mnbiUcimi
inipleute ; iiiteiite-eburiied.
The whitish Natica. Shell with a covered umbibcus,
depressly globose, subventricose, flattened beneath,
spire very small, sharp at the apex, whorls somewhat
s(piarely convex, polished, obsoletely groove-striated,
aperture lunar-ovate, somewhat eft'used, columella
densely callous, callosity filling up the umbilicus ;
shining ivory-white.
Eecluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. ii. p. 194-.
Hab. Pasacao, Province of South Caraarines, Island of
Luzon, Philippines (in sandy mud at a depth of ten
fathoms) ; Cuming.
A shining ivory-white species, of rather square, effused,
inflated growth, with a very small spire, and the umbilicus
tilled up with callous enamel.
April, lS.5o.
Kanm.n.yu.
^
§mms
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w
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w^
/^'
8owa-L)/ 'M «lit>i
ftiicent Brooks
N A TIC A.
Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natic.4. link ATA. Nat. tesld umhiUcatd, ijlohoso-reutri-
cusd, ieiudcidd, spird subexsertd, mifractibus Iceciga-
tk, rotimdath, aperturd semilunari, columelld tenui,
calloutale spirali umbillcum semiclaudetite ; livido-
albii/d, liiieh riifis JovgilnJhialibiis, leciU-r uiidnlalis
nndiqne pktd.
The lineated Natica. Shell umbilicated, globosely
veiitricose, rather thin, spire somewhat exserted,
whorls smooth, rounded, aperture semilunar, colu-
mella thiu, with a spiral callosity, half-closing the
umbilicus ; livid white, paiuted throughout with
longitudinal, slightly waved red lines.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshaycs' edit.), vol. viii. ]>.
640.
Hab. Singapore (in sandy mud at six fathoms) ; Cuming.
This elegantly formed species, which is painted through-
out with close-set slightly waved red lines, has a particu-
larly columnar spiral callosity. It has also a shelly oper-
culum.
Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Maura. Nat. testd anguste suhobtecte umbilicald,
ovnto-centricosd, spird parvd, anfradibus deciissatim
striaiis, siibquadrato-cotwexh, aperturd ohlonrjo-semi-
lunari, subampld, basi sicbeffusd, coltonelld lamina en-
caiuid super umbUicum reoolutd ; undiq%ie intense
castaned.
The Moor Natica. Shell with a narrow nearly covered
umbilicus, ovately ventricose, spire small, whorls de-
cussately striated, somewhat squarely convex, aper-
ture oblong-semilunar, rather large, a little efl'used
towards the base, columella with enamelled lamina
roUed back over the umbilicus ; everywhere deep
chestnut.
Beuguiere, Encyclop. Methodique, pi. 453. f. 4 a, b.
Natica melttuostoiiia, var. b, Lamarck.
Hab. San Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines (on the
reefs) ; Cuniiiig.
It may still be doubted whether this species is not a
variety of N. melanostomu ; it is, however, generally of [
shorter and more square growth, and they arc from dif-
ferent localities. !
Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica millepuxctata. Nat. tesld late aperte umbili-
cahl. ijhjhf)so-i-i-ntricosd, spird suhe.csertd, mifractibus
l/rrii/iili.i, rulinidalis, ultimo gradaiim descendente,
a per I lira si'iiiUunari, columelld mediocri, callositate
parviusculd spirali ; lutesceide-albd, pu/ictis rujis con-
fertis undique pictd.
The thousand-spotted Natica. Shell broadly openly
umbilicated, globosely ventricose, spire rather ex-
serted, whorls smooth, rounded, the last gradually
descending, aperture semilunar, columella middling,
with a rather small spiral callosity ; yellowish-white,
everywhere paiuted with thick-set red dots.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p.
636.
Le Mille Points, Favanue.
Natica sterci/s-MUScarum, Enc. Methodique.
Hab. Mediterranean.
Distinguished by its characteristic painting of red dots,
which in N. maculata, of the same typical form, from the
same locality, are represented by confused blotches.
Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica jiamilla. Nat. testd obtccte mnbiUcatd, sub-
pyriformi-ovatd, ventricosd, spird parvd, anfradibus
IcBvigatis, nitentibus, superne declivibus, deinde con-
vexis, anfraciu ■ultimo antiee descendenie, oblique ef-
fuse, aperturd semilmiari, columelld dense callosd,
callositate laid, mnbiUeum implente ; undique eburned.
The nipple Natica. SheU with a covered umbilicus,
somewhat pyriformly ovate, ventricose, spire small,
whorls smooth, shining, slanting at the upper part,
then convex, last whorl descending in front, ob-
liquely effused, aperture semilunar, columella densely
callous, callosity broad, filling the umbilicus ; every-
where ivory-white.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p.
630.
Nerita mauiilla, LinucCus.
Uab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (in sandy mud, seven
fathoms); Cuming.
This we take to be the original type of the old Liini;ean
Nerita n/amilla.
April, 1S55
Xanni.Pl.m.
Swverbv dd , st iith
ViTicent. Brook;; Imp
N A T I C A.
Plate Vllf.
Species 28. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Natica candidissima. Nat. testa, sidobtecte umhiUcaid,
glohom, poiiderosd, spird mimttd, vix elevatd, apice
distindd, aufractibus decUvi-convexis, deinde roimi-
datis, miiiutissinw decussatim striatis, aperturd parvd,
obliqiid, semibmari, colxmeUd dense ca/losd ; nifetite-
albd.
The very white Natica. Shell witli a nearly covered
umbilicus, globose, ponderous, spire very small,
scarcely raised, distinct at the apex, whorls slant-
ingly convex, then rounded, very minutely decus-
sately striated, aperture small, oblif[ue, semilunar ;
columella densely callous, shell white.
Le Guillou, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, IS 12, p. 10.5.
llab. Moluccas.
Of a peculiarly short globose form, the spire being only
faintly indicated, although distinctly developed at the apex.
Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica mamillaris. Nat. testa suhamjmle profiinde
vmbilicatd, conoideo-ovatd, crassd, spird siibclaeatd,
anfractibiis superm depresso-declivibus, deinde con-
vexis, minutissime decussatim .•striatis, aperturd semi-
lunari, parviusculd, colmnelld callosilate imdiocri ;
fulvo-rubescente, basi alba.
The mamillary Natica. Shell rather narrowly deeply
umbilicated, conoidly ovate, thick, spire somewhat
raised, whorls depressly slanting at the upper part,
then convex, very minutely decussately striated, aper-
ture semilunar, rather small, columella with a mode-
rate callosity ; fulvous-red, white at the base.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. j).
638.
Hab. West Indies.
M. Deshayes has shown, in an elaborate note on this
species, that the Linnrean Natica mamiUaris must refer
to a freshwater shell, probably a Lyinnea. The shell re-
presented in the accompanying Plate, which Lamarck took
for his type, is well figured by Chemnitz.
uiiihilicntd, ublonijo-ovatd, subpyrijornii, inmidd, spird
parvd, anfractibus obligtie rude striatis, striis minu-
tissimis spiralibtts impi-es-ns, anfractn ultimo sub(ffuso,
aperturd oblonyo-semiliniari, niihdiiiphi, vuliiniclld lu-
viiud eucausld super iniibHicuHi rrrulnhi ; nlhidil. car-
neo-fnscesceule pallide hitijn.scinld, ml mia-lhl i-t vircu
umbiUcum. intense castaned.
The black mouth Natica. Sliell with a narrow nearly
covered umbilicus, oblong-ovate, somewhat pear-
shaped, swollen, spire small, whorls obliquely rudely
striated, impressed with very minute spiral strias,
last whorl somewhat efl'used, aperture oblong-semi-
lunar, rather large, columella with enamelled lamina,
rolled back over the umbilicus ; whitish, faintly broad-
ly banded with light flesh-brown, columella and
round the umbilicus dark chestnut.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.), vol. viii. p.
631.
Nerita melanostoma, Gmelin.
Natica opaca, llecluz.
Ilab. Sechelle Islands.
Of a swollen, effused, somewhat pear-shaped, ovate
form, very faintly dusky flesh-banded, rich dark chestnut
on the columellar lamina and region of the umbilicus.
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica melanostoma. Nat. testa anijuste subobtecte
Species 31. (Mus. Cu
Natica albumen. Nat. tenUi iirrdmiilili-r n„ibiticatd,
couve.ro-depre.ssd, subtus e.i'ciiriihj-ijIiiiKild. yiird )ui-
nutd, anfractibus convexli, lirriyntn, ad iniinilin.sime
decussatim striatis, aperturd subanguste semilunari,
umbilico late canaliculato, callositate conspicud cen-
trali ; aurantio-ruhescente, subtus albd.
The albumen Natica. Shell very largely umbilicated,
' convexly depressed, excavately flattened beneath, spire
i very small, whorls convex, smooth, or very minutely
decussately striated, aperture rather narrowly semi-
lunar, umbilicus broadly channelled, with a conspi-
cuous central callosity; orange-red, white beneath.
Lamarck, Anim. sans" vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. ji.
628.
Hab. Catbalonga, Island of Samar, Philippines (in sandy
mud at six fathoms) ; Cuming.
Tlus well-known species is remarkably ciiaraeterized by
its very depressed convex form.
April, 18E
NaUealhlX.
>^
m
"%
,;^
^
Vincent Brooks biT'
NATICA.
Plate IX.
Pig 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
This very delicately coloured shell is the var. (i, Jidea
sen slraminea, of N. auraiitla, noted by Rechiz in Pro.
Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 211. It is from Port Essiugton,
north coast of New Holland.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica ALABASTEli. Nat. tesfS pi'oftmde umbilicatd, ah-
breviato-globosa, veiitricosn, spird parvd, siihcaUosd,
anfracfibus lavihus, rotiindatis, columeUd caUoso-re-
volutd ; eburned.
The ALABASTER Natica. Shell deeply umbilicated,
shortly globose, ventricose, spire smaD, rather callous,
whorls smooth, rounded, columella callously rolled
back ; ivory-white.
Hah. Mazatlan.
A pure white species, distinguished by an inflated
shortly globose form, with a very small spii-e.
Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica plumbea. Nat. testa atiffiiste prof nude nmbili-
catd, obloiKjo-turljinatd, spird conoided, apice acuta,
anfraciibus rude diagonaliter striatis, ad snturam. ob-
solete pUcatis, deinde rotundatis, apertiird ovatd, colu-
mella superne calloso-encaustd ; plicmbeo-ffrised, plic/s
ad suturam rufescentibus, marghie umbiUci et encausti
columellari vlvide sanguineo.
The leaden Natica. Shell narrowly deeply umbili-
cated, oblong-turbinated, spire conoid, sharp at the
apex, whorls rudely diagonally striated, obsoletely
puckered at the suture, then rounded, aperture ovate,
columella callously enameDed at the upper part;
leaden-grey, pleats at the suture reddish, edge of the
umbilicus and columeUar enamel bright red.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p.
632.
Natica sordida, Swainsou.
Hab. Brisbane Water, east coast of Australia ; Strange.
This fine species may be readily distinguished by its
oblong-turbinated form and leaden-grey colour, the colu-
raellar enamel and umbilicus being edged with deep
blood-red.
Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica deiodosa. Nat. testa obtecte umbilicatd, de-
presso-omtd, neritoided, spird inimitd, laterali, an-
fraciibus tenuistriatis, nitentibus, couvexis, wltimo ob-
lique proloiigato, sitbtus planato, aperturd semilunari,
parviusculd, columeUd densissinm callosd, callositate
umiilicmn implente ; pallide stramined, callositate
eburned.
The svLriiUK Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus,
depressly ovate, ncritoid, spire minute, lateral, whorls
finely striated, shining, convex, the last obliquely
prolonged, flattened beneath, aperture semilunar,
rather small, columella very thickly callous, callosity
filling the umbilicus ; pale straw-colour, callosity
ivoiy-white.
Hab. Australia.
This fine species agrees in its debcate tone of colouring
with the straw-coloured variety of N. auraiitia represented
at Fig. 33, but is of quite a distinct form, being distin-
guished by a particularly contracted Nerite-bke growth.
36. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Priamus. Nat. testa compresse anguste umiili-
catd, abbreviato-globosd, temdculd, injlatd, spird mi-
nutd, laterali, anfractibus couvexis, tenuistriatis, ni-
tentibus, aperturd ovatd, ampld, effusd, columella la-
iiiind callosd super umbiUcum revolutd ; pallide livido-
castaned, spiraliter zonatd, macnlis brumieis panels
promiscue cingnlatd.
The Priamus Natica. Shell compressly narrowly um-
bilicated, shortly globose, rather thin, inflated, spire
very small, lateral, whorls convex, finely striated,
shining, aperture ovate, large, efi'used, columella with
a callous lamina rolled back over the umbOicus ; pale
livid chestnut, spii'aUy zoned, encircled with a few
promiscuous brown spots.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 213.
Ilab. Moluccas.
A very distinct species, allied to N. Maura, distin-
guished by a pattern of marking somewhat similar to that
which is characteristic of the genus Priamus.
April, 1855.
Nalim.Pl.X.
X
u
W\
\^
\
Sowerlv Id ct litli
IWent ^ooks Jn.)
NATICA.
Species 37. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Natica Baconi. Nat. testa obtecte mibillcatd, ahhre-
viato-irocliiformi, crassd, spird brevi, obtusd, avfractl-
iiis obliqite dense miimtissime striafis, s/ijicnit: ih'rliri-
biis, ad sutiiram rudibus et callosis, ad baiui rutmiihttis,
aperturd semilunaj-i, horiiontali, coliiiiiel/d sidiaciitd,
callositate densd rudi mnbiUcum implente ; candes-
cente-gj-ised, h-regulariler pallide strigatd, basi al-
hidd.
Bacon's Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, ab-
breviately trochus-shaped, thick, spire short, obtuse,
whorls obliquely, densely, very minutely striated,
slanting at the upper part, rude and callous at the
suture, rounded at the base, aperture semilunar, ho-
rizontal, columella rather shaqi, with a rude dense
callosity filling the umbilicus ; bluish-grey, irregularly
pale streaked, white at the base.
Hub. Mouth of the Swau River, New Holland ; Dr. Bacon.
A solid trochoid species, of rude structure, of a bluish-
grey colour, irregularly interrupted with pale streaks nm-
nins into the base, which is white.
Species 38. (^Mus. Cuming.)
Natica intermema. Nai. te.std obtecte nvibilicatd, ob-
lo/igo-globosd, cras.sd, poiide?-osd, .ipird pared, mncro-
natd, anfractibus lavigatis, nitentibus, superne decli-
vibus, delude plano-convexis, aperturd semilimari, co-
Imnetld callositate densis.wnd, umbilicnm implente ; al-
bidd, riifo-ferrugiiieo tliictd.
The intermediate Natica. Shell with a covered um-
bilicus, oblong-globose, thick, ponderous, spire small,
pointed, whorls smooth, shining, slanting round the
.upper part, then flatly convex, aperture semilunar,
columella with a very thick callosity, filling the um-
bilicus ; whitish, stained with red rust.
Philippi, Kuster Conch, pi. 18. f. 10.
Hab. ?
This species, of a rather flattened oblong-globose form,
with a small pointed spire, is peculiarly stained with red
Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica vitellus. Nat. jirofnnd'i subanyiisfe unibilicald,
globosd, solidiuscidd, spird brevi, apice acuta, anfrac-
tibus rotundatis, loevigatis, aperturd semilunari, co-
lumelld callosd, eticausto super umbilicum partim re-
voluto ; ustulato-aurantid, maculis albis perpaucis pro-
miscuis interrupid, columelld et apertura: fauce albis.
The egg-yolk Natica. Shell deeply, rather narrowly
umbilioated, globose, rather solid, spire short, sharp
at the apes, whorls rounded, smooth, aperture semi-
lunar, columella callous, the enamel partially rolled
back over the lunbilicus ; burnt orange, inten-upted
with a few promiscuous white blotches, columella
and interior of aperture white.
Lamarck, Auim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 637.
Nerita vitellus, Linnreus.
Ilab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs) ; Cuming.
This well-known species is always distinctly charac-
terized by its peculiar burnt-orange colouring, interrupted
w-ith a few gaps wanting colour.
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica bifasciata. Nat. testd anguste subobtecte umbi-
licatd, oblongo-globosd, spird subcxsertd, anfractibus
dense minute striatis, rotundatis, spadiceo-fuscescente,
ad suluras albis, fasciis angustis albis subdistantibus
medio cingulatis, aperturd oblongo-ovatd, columelld
callosd, encausto super mnbilicum pai-tim revoluto ; en-
causto coluniellari intense violaceo-ca-staneo.
The two-banded Natica. Shell with a narrow nearly
covered umbilicus, oblong-globose, spire rather e.\-
serted, whorls densely minutely striated, rounded,
light fawn brown, white next the suture, encircled
round the middle with two narrow, rather distant,
wliite bands, aperture oblong-ovate, columella cal-
lous, enamel partially roUed back over the umbilicus ;
columellar enamel deep violet-chestnut.
Gray, Griffith's Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, pi. 1. f. 2.
Hab. Guaymas, Gulf of California (on the sands at low
water) ; Mr. Babb, R.N.
An elegant species, of a characteristic oblong-globose
form, distinguished by two linear white bauds upon a light
fawu-brown ground, the columellar euamel being a deep
chestnut.
Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica dubia. Nat. testd obtecte wmbilicatd, globosd,
cras-id, ponderosd, spird parvd, snturd callosd, indis-
tincld, anfractibus rotmidatis, politis, aperturd semi-
liinari, parvd, columelld den-ie callosd, callositate um-
bilicum implente; stramineo-ebiirned.
TnE doubtful Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus,
globose, thick, ponderous, spire small, suture callous,
indistinct, whorls rounded, polished, aperture semi-
lunar, small, columella densely callous, callosity fill-
ing the umbilicus ; straw-tinted ivory.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1S43, p. 209.
Hab. ChUi ?
A very solid globular shell, of polished surface, lik(;
straw-tinted ivory.
.\pril, 185S
,>^^^
NatjivJ'I.XI.
#^3
.s.
i ' ^*
^'/li^
«eEb\; dtl ft Mk
Ifcncent Brooks Imp
NATICA.
Plate XI.
Species 43. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Natica phytelephas. Nat. testa peranyuste profunde
umbllicatd, globosd, solidiusculd, spird parvd, apice
distittcfo, anfractibus lievibus, vel mitmte decussatim
striatis, snperne leviter concavis, deinde plano-rotun-
datis, aperturd spmihinnri, coliimelld caUosd, callosi-
tate umb'dkiuii paiiim huplfnte ; fiilvfSceHte-albd, tmh-
opacd.
The ivory-nut Natica. Shell very narrowly deeply
umbilicated, globose, rather solid, spire small, apex
distinct, whorls smooth, or minutely decussately stri-
ated, slightly concave at the upper part, then flatly
rounded, aperture semilunar, columella callous, cal-
losity partially filling the umbilicus ; yellowish-white,
rather opake.
Hab. Australia.
A solid, globose, dead-white shell, rather coiicavcly flat-
tened round the upper part of the whorls.
Species 43. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Natica septentrionalis. Nat. tedd obtecte umbilicatd,
globosd, tenui, injlatd, sjiird sube.rsei'td, anfractibus ro-
tniidutis, inhuite di'ciis.satiii/ alridHs, cpiji'i-iiiidr triini
fnlrd hidiild, aperturd subp,jnj<,,;.ii-un,l,:, o,hnnrll,i
tciiukidd, callositute alba piin-iilii vuihilh-iiui i„i-
plfitte.
The northern Natica. Shell with a small covered
umbilicus, globose, thin, inflated, spire subexscrted,
whorls rounded, minutely decussately striated, co-
vered with a thin fulvous epidermis, aperture siib-
pyriformly ovate, columella rather thin, with a rather
small white callosity filling up the umbilicus.
Beck, Cat. Moll.
Rob. Greenland.
A light inflated species o( JwpidlarinAike form, covered
with a very characteristic close, thin, horny-yellowish epi-
dermis.
Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Draparnaudi. Nat. testa spiraliter tmbUicatd,
depresso-globosd, iieritoided, crassd, ponderosd, .spird
parvd, callosd, laterali, anfractibus Ixcigatis, iiitciili-
bus, snperne leviter coiicavo-impressii, aperturd semi-
lunari, columella dense callosd, mnbilico spiraliter an-
gulato, callositate intrante ; vivide viiellino-auranlid,
mnbilico et callositate all/is.
Draparnaud's Natica. Shell spirally umbilieated, de-
pressly globose, neritoid, thick, heavy, spire small,
callous, lateral, whorls smooth, shining, slightly con-
cavely impressed round the upper part, aperture se-
milunar, columella thickly callous, umbilicus spirally
angled, with callosity entering; bright yellowisli-
orange, umbilicus and callosity white.
Recluz, Petit, Jouru. Conch, vol. ii. p. 198. pi. 5. f. 11.
Ilab. Isle of Bacleon, Philippines.
A brilliant yellowish-orange neritoid shell, with a pecu-
liar white-angled umbilicus.
Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Philippiana. Nat. testd obtecte umbilicatd, de-
presso-globosd, spird pluHO-convexd, vix elevald, an-
fractibus concexo-declicibus, deinde rotundatis, Iccri-
gafi-1, puli/is, aperturd pyriformi-ovatd, Itorizunlali.
coluiiii'lld callositate densd rotundutd ; fidco-cincrrit,
spird aurunlio-nifd, callositate et aperlnra fauci- aia-
taiieo-rujis.
PniLippi's Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus,
depressly globose, spire flatly convex, scarcely raised,
whorls convexly slanting, then rounded, smooth, pu-
lished, aperture pyriformly ovate, horizontal, eolii-
mella with a thick rounded callosity ; fulvous-asli,
spire orange-red, callosity and interior of the aperture
chestnut-brown.
PiECLUz, MS., jMus. Cuming.
Hab. Alexandria, Mediterranean.
A highly polished reddish-ash shell, distinguished fruni
N. glaucina by its more solid umbilical callosity.
Species 4G. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Natica globosa. Nat. testd profundi; uuibilirald. glo-
bosd, .^pird parvd, anfractibus Irccibiis, uut miuutissiuii
decussatim striatis, supenie dcclivibus, driudc rourt.i-i\,
aperturd semilunari, columelld parum culhrnl ; albii,
apice lirido-nigricante, fasciis talk dilute lidcuci-i';
cingulatd.
The globose Natica. Shell deeply umlnlicated, glo-
bose, spire small, whorls smooth, or very minutely
decussately striated, slanting at the upper part, then
convex, aperture semilunar, columella but little cal-
lous; white, apex livid black, encircled with broad
diluted blood-red bands.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. :3(J7. pi. 1^^. pi- l^-"'-
1897.
Natica helvacea, Lamarck.
Natica spadicea, car., Dilhvyn.
Hab. Singapore (in sandy mud at six fathoms) ; Cumiug.
A globose shell, encircled with broad diluted lawn-red
bands, leaving the white ground uiost distinct ur\t flit-
suture.
April, 185.-:
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NATICA.
Plate XII.
Species 47. (Mus. Cumiug.)
K.VTICA RAPULUM. Nat. teslii mignste proftmde nmbili-
ctttd, globosd, teuuiculd, veuiricosd, sjiird parvd, su6-
exserfd, apice acuta, anfraciibus rolundalis, 7timuth-
■ume deciissaiim striatis, apertttrd lunari-ovatd, colii-
melld fenuiculd, callosd ; opaco-albd, epidermide stru-
mined partim indidd.
The little turnip Natica. Shell narrowly dcei)ly iim-
bilicated, globose, rather thin, ventricose, spire small,
slightly exserted, sharp at the apex, whorls rounded,
very minutely decussately striated, aperture linear-
ovate, columella rather thin, callous ; opake-white,
partially covered with a straw-coloured epidermis.
Hab. Payta, Peru (on mud-banks) ; Cuming.
A light, opake-white species, partially covered with a
light straw-coloured epidermis, with somewhat the form
of an AmpuUaria.
Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.)
Xatica conica. Xat. testd anguste partim obtecic nmbi-
Ikatd, oblongo-conicd, so/idd, spird awpld, exicrtd,
anfractibus oblique tenuistriatis, convexis, infra siitn-
rarii depresso-concavis, aperturd Itmari-ovatd, columeUd
rnllosd, encauslo solidiiisculo, super mubilicum revoluto;
fidvo-cinered, columelld fmneo-caslaneo iincld.
The conical Natica. Shell with a narrow partially
covered umbilicus, oblong-conical, solid, spire large,
exserted, whorls obliquely finely striated, convex, de-
pressly concave beneath the suture, aperture luuar-
ovate, columella callous, enamel rather solid, rolled
back over the umbilicus ; fulvous-asli, culumella
stained with smoky-chestnut.
li.MlARCK, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. ji.
G33.
llnb. Australia.
Characterized chiefly by its conically turbinated form,
and by the smoky-chestnut tinge of the columellar enamel.
Species 49. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Natica unifasciata. Nat. testa umbilicald, vciitricoso-
globosd, spird subexsertd, apice aciitd, anfractibus mi-
nute deeussatim striatis, rotundatis, superne leviter de-
pressis, aperturd lunai-i-ovatd, efusd, columeUd teuui-
culd, callositate spirali mubilicum fere implente ; vio-
lascente-cinered, fascia albidd liiieari supra medium
ringulatd.
The one-banded Natica. Shell urabilicated, ventri-
cosely globose, spire rather exserted, sharp at the
apex, whorls minutely decussately striated, rounded,
slightly depressed at the upper part, aperture lunar-
ovate, effused, columella rather thin, with a spiral
callosity nearly filling the umbilicus ; violet-ash, en-
circled with a whitish linear band above the middle.
Lamauck, Auini. sans vert. (Dcshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p.
(•.40.
Hub. Eay of Panama (on mud-banks at low water) ;
Cuming.
This species has, particularly, the form and general as-
pect of an JmpuUuria. It has a shelly operculum.
Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica monilifeka. Nat. testd anguste prof mde umbili-
catd, globosd, subventricosd, spird exsertd, apice acutd,
suturd lineari-iiiipressd, anfractibus rotundatis, Icevi-
gatis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, columeUd temie callosd;
fuho-glnucescente, superne maculis spadiceis serie unicd
cingulafd.
The necklace-marked Natica. Shell narrowly deeply
umbUicated, globose, subventricose, spire exserted,
sharp at the apex, with the suture linearly impressed,
whorls rounded, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, co-
lumella thiidy callous; pale yellowish-glaucous, en-
circled at the upper part with a single row of pale
fawn spots.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p.
638.
Nerila glaucina, Pennant (not of Linn;eus).
Nerita catena. Da Costa.
Natica castanea, Lamarck.
Natica squalida, Macgillivray.
Hub. Em-opean seas.
Well characterized by the necklace of fawn-red spots
wiuch encircles the whorls next the suture.
Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.)
Xatica lehcoph^a. Nat. testd subanguste pnfunde
umbilicatd, globoso-ventricosd, spird breviusculd, ob-
tufid, anfractibus rotundatis, ad suturam obsolete pli-
ca/is, ojierfurd piiriformi-ovatd, columeUd callosd, en-
Cdiislij ■■iiqirr niiibilicum remluto ; plumbeo-grised, infra
snlnniiii rufu tincHi, labro et encauslo columellari .lan-
guineo-rufis.
The grey Natica. Shell rather narrowly deeply um-
bilicatcd, globosely ventricose, spire rather short, ob-
tuse, whorls rounded, faintly plicated at the suture,
aperture pyriformly ovate, columella callous, enamel
rolling back over the umbilicus ; leaden-grey, stained
with i-ed beneath the sutme, lip and columellar enamel
red.
Ilab. Australia.
A very characteristic leaden-grey shell, of light Amput-
fo;-ia-like form, stained with blood-red along the edge of
the lip and columellar enamel, and round the upper edge
of the whorls next the suture.
Aprd, 1855.
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NATICA.
Species 52. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Natica Maeociiiensis. Nat. testa umlilicatd, glohosu-
ventricosd, spird exsertiusculd, anfractibm lamgatis,
rottttidatis, aperturd lunar i-ovatd, suieffusd, columeUd
tenniculd, callositate columnari spirali mnbilicum fire
implente ; griseo-cmrulescente vel squalide rufd, niac/dis
trigonis spadiceo-fimcis plus minus indistincte qninque-
seriatiiu cingulatd.
The Morocco Natica. Shell umbilicated, globosely
veutricose, spire rather exserted, wliorls smooth,
rouiiiled, aperture hmar-ovate, subeffused, columella
rather thin, with a columnar spiral callosity nearly
filling the umbilicus ; greyish-blue or dirty red, en-
circled more or less indistinctly with five rows of
arrow-headed fawn-brown spots,
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. f. G4.3.
Nerita Marocldemis, Gmelin.
Natica Ckemnitzii, Menke (not of llecluz).
Hab. North Africa and West Indies.
This species is always characterized by being encircled
with bands of arrow-headed spots, but they are often much
obscured.
Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica zebra. Nat. testa umljiUcaid, glohoso-neritoided,
subinjlatd, spird obtuse exsertd, anfractibus Immgalis,
nitentibus, su-perne dedivibus, delude rotundatis, aper-
turd lunato-orhiculari, columelld tenui, callositate co-
lumnari spirali, mnbilicum fere implente ; albidd, stri-
gis angustis rufis acute luidatis dense longitudinaliter
pictd.
The zebra Natica. Sliell und)ilicated, globosely neri-
toid, rather inflated, spire obtusely exserted, whorls
smooth, shining, slanting at the upper part, then
rounded, aperture lunar-orbicular, columella thin,
with a spiral columnar callosity nearly filling the um-
bilicus ; white, densely longitudinally painted with
narrow, sharply zigzag red streaks.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p.
643.
Hab. Cagayau, Province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao,
Philippines (in sandy mud at twenty-five fathoms);
Cimiiug.
The longitudinal zigzag red streaks which distinguish
April.
this species are now narrow and close-set, now broader
and more distant.
Species 5-1. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Natica UBER. Nat. testa subanguste umbiUcatd, oblongo-
turbinatd, soUdinsculd, spird exsertd, anfractibtts mi-
Hutissime decussafim striatis, superne dedivibus, delude
coueexis, aperturd lunari-oblongd, columelld dense en-
caustd, callositate parvd ; alba, epidermide tenuissinid
induid.
The teat Natica. Shell rather narrowly umbilicated,
obloug-turbinated, rather soUd, spii-e exserted, whorls
very minutely decussately striated, slanting round the
upper part, then convex, aperture lunar-oblong, co-
lumella densely enamelled, with a small callosity ;
white, covered with a very thin epidermis.
Valenciennes, in Obs. Gcol. Humboldt, 1833, vol. ii.
p. 266.
Hab. Casma, Peru (in muddy sand at four fathoms) ;
Cumiug.
This, I believe, is the true N. ubcr of Valenciennes col-
lected by Humboldt, and the same species as that collected
by D'Orbigny in the same locality, although the specimen
figured by the latter is of rather ditt'ereut proportions.
Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica pellis-tigrina. Nat. testa subampUter perspec-
tive imibilicatd, globosd, spird exsertd, apice acuta, an-
fractibus superne subdepressls, deinde convexis, laviga-
tis, aperturd lunari-omtd, subeffusd, columelld superne
eallosd, callositate parvd columnari spirali mnbilicum-
iutrante; albidd, macuUs rnfo-pnrpureh interdum
cuujlu.entibus dense pictd.
The tiger's skin Natica. Shell rather largely per-
spectively umbilicated, globose, spire exserted, sharp
at the ajjex, whorls somewhat depressed at the upper
part, then convex, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate,
rather efi'used, columella callous at the upper part,
with a small columnar spiral callosity entering the
umbilicns ; whitish, densely painted with red-purple
spots, sometimes flowing together.
Chemnitz, Couch. Cab. vol. v. p. 265. pi. 187. f. 1892
and IS'JS.
NATICA.— Plate XIII.
Natica variolaria, Eecluz.
Hab. Swan River (in sandy mud at ten fathoms) ; Dr
ColKe, E.N.
This pretty species is distinguished liy a pattern of dark
purple-red spots, quite distinct in character from that of
N. maculnsn.
Species 5G. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Raynaudian a. Nat. testa, suholtccti tmbUkatd,
globosd, crassimculd, spud parum exsertd, anfractibus
IcBvigatis, superne decliviius, deinde rokmdatis, aper-
turd lunari-ovatd, columella dense encaustd, eiwausto
mnbilicum partim obtegente ; dilute atirantlo-fulvd,
strigis rufo-castaims irregulariter reticulatis promis-
cuefasciatim pictd.
Raynaud's Natica. Shell with a nearly covered umbi-
licus, globose, rather thick, spire but little exserted,
whorls smooth, slanting at the upper part, then
rounded, aperture lunar-ovate, columella thickly en-
amelled, enamel partially covering the umbilicus; pale
orange-fulvous, promiscuously painted with ii-regu-
lai-ly netted streaks of reddish-chestnut bands.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 212.
Uab. Zanzibar ; T. Thorn, Esq.
A solid orange-tinted shell, banded with very character"
istic chestnut net-streaked markings, first collected at Trin-
comalee. Bay of Ceylon, by M. Raynaud.
Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica maculosa. Nat. testd anguste nmbilicatd, glo-
boso-turbmatd, spird conico-exsertd, anfractibus rotim-
datis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, colmnelld teime encaustd,
callositate parvd columnari spirali ; albd, pmictis piir-
pureo-fuscis deme pictd, anfractibus superue et inferni
immaculatis.
The full-spotted Natica. Shell narrowly umbilica-
ted, globosely turbinated, spire conically exserted,
whorls rounded, aperture lunar-ovate, columella thinly
enamelled with a small spiral callosity ; white, densely
crowded with purple-brown dots, whorls at the upper
and lower edge unspotted.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Peshayes' edit.), vol. viii. [i.
641.
Hab. Singapore (in sandy mud at six fathoms) ; Cuming.
M. Deshayes is wrong in assigning this species to the
N. pelUs-tigrina of Ciiemnitz, which is that represented in
the accompanying Plate at Fig. 55.
X<(tim .PI. XJY.
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NATICA.
Plate XIV.
Species 58. (Pig. a, b, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Maheense. Nat. testa. imbiUcatu, (jhhosCi, npird
subexsertd, suturd impressd, mtfractihun rotinKlidia,
laviffatis, jitxta snturam pecuUarUer uliliqiu; jilinilo-
corriigatd, aperturd lunari-ovatd, cohiuidld sitpcnie
callosd, callositate columnari spirali imibilicimi semi-
claudeide ; albd, fasci'm dtiabns mactdis ferrugineo-
spadicels iuterrnpth cbiyidatd.
The Maue Natica. Shell umbilicated, globose, spire
a little exsertcd, suture impressed, whorls rouuded,
smooth, peculiarly obliquely plicately wrinkled next
the suture, aperture lunar-ovate, columella callous at
the upper part, with a columnar spiral callosity half
filling the umbilicus ; white, encircled with two in-
terrupted bands of rust-fawn blotches.
Eecluz, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Island of Mahe, Seychelles.
A very characteristic species, encircled beneath the su-
ture with obliquely plicated wrinkles.
Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Forskalii. Nat. testa sitbaperte perspective nm-
iilicatd, globosd, subveidricosd, spird breviter exsertd,
anfractibim rotuniatis, lavibus, juxta sutiiram plicato-
striatis, aperturd lunnn-nndd, ruhimelld svperue cal-
loso-recurvd ; albu, slrigis frnn^/ii/m-spadlceis medio
fascia albd interniptis inuJiipn: pield.
Forskal's Natica. Shell rather openly perspectively
umbilicated, globose, subventricose, spire shortly ex-
sertcd, whorls rounded, smooth, plicately striated
next the suture, aperture lunar-ovate, columella cal-
lously recurved at the upper part ; white, marked
throughout with longitudinal rust-fawu streaks, leav-
ing a white band in the centre.
Nvrita Forskalii, Chemn. Conch. Cab. vol. xi. pi. 197.
f. 1901 and 1902.
Hah. ?
Resembling the preceding species, but distinct in all its
detail of character. The suture of the spire is not simi-
larly impressed, the plicated striae are very different from
the wrinkles, and the umbilicus is not obscured by any
winding columnar callosity.
Species CO. (:\Ius, Cuming.)
Natica ala-papilionis. Nat. testa ampliter umbUicutd,
subylobosd, spird exsertd, sidurd impressd, aiifraclibiis
Icevigatis, rotimdatis, superne depressis et pUcato-cor-
rugatis, ultimo multo effuso, columelld superne callosd,
callositate coltmmari spirali miibilicnm intrante ; spa-
dicco-cunicd, :oiiis qiiidiior alhi.i hiariilis qniulratis
pitrpiin'i^ ili^laiilihiis rilhiris riiiyiihitii, vatlu.vtate alhd.
The bl:tteufly-wixg Natica. Shell largely umbili-
cated, subglobose, spire exserted, suture impressed,
whorls smooth, rounded, depressed and plicately
wrinkled at the upper part, last whorl much effused,
columella callous at the upper part, with a columnar
spii-al callosity entering the umbilicus; fawn-flesh
tinged, encircled with four white zones, fiUetcd with
distant square purple spots, callosity white.
Nerita ala-pcipilioiiis, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 257.
f. 1868 to 1871.
Natica zouaria, Lamarck, I'o Blainvillc.
Eadem, Natica crenata, llecluz.
llab. San Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines (in sandy
mud at ten fathoms) ; Cuming.
Well distinguished by its dark purple filleted zones and
ell'used aperture.
Species 02. (Pig. Gl and 02, Mus. Cuming.)
Natica FULMINEA. Nat. tesld jirrsiH'din' n..ihi}icald,
globosd, solidd, spird bred, Mifi/i,i/in'xsd, iiiifrnftilms
rotiindatis, juxta suturaiii siibriide plicuto-slriatis,
aperturd Imian-ovatd, columelld superne late callosd;
alhd, strigis acute midatis nifo-fuscis irregidnribits
dense loiigdudinaliter pictd.
The lightning-marked Natica. Shell perspectively
umbilicated, globose, solid, spire short, somewhat
impressed, whorls rounded, rudely plicately striated
next the suture, aperture limar-ovate, columella
broadly callous at the upper part ; wlute, densely
longitudinally painted with irregular zigzag red-
brown streaks.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. v. p. 01- 1.
NerilafiilMiiiea, GmeUn.
Nerita araclmoidea, Gmelin.
Nalica urucliHuideu, Lamarck.
Natica criientatu, Lamarck.
Ndlini piiHctitla, Swainson.
Nidii-n bif(,.sci,il,i, llecluz.
Niilini. Seitiyidoiiis, llecluz.
Nalica Boiirgiiignali, Reduz.
llah. Senegal.
Of this species, from Senegal, varying more or less in
its markings of dots, blotches, and zigzag flames, too many
spm-ious species have been made.
April, 185
XaUca.Pl. If.
vn
;»>>»
^
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Sowerby dd f' ith
Vimml Eroiib liny
N A T I C A.
Species G3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica tinctuhata. Nat. tedd perspeetwe iimb'dicatd,
globosd, neriioided, spird breviusculd, anfructibus lieoi-
bits, politis, siiperne depresm, deinde subquadrato-ro-
tundatis, aperlurd lunari-ovatd, columelld superne cal-
losd; Uvescente-albd, pimctis palUde aurantiis wacnli"
peramplis obliquis el faseiis angnstis vUtalis pictd.
The stained Natica. Shell perspectively umbilicated,
globose, iieritoid, spire rather short, whorls smooth,
polished, rather depressed at the upper part, theu
somewhat squarely rounded, aperture hniar-ovate, co-
lumella callous at the upper part ; livid-white, painted
with pale orange dots, large oblique blotches, and
narrow filleted bands.
Eab. ?
A beautifully-painted porcelain shell, with a coloured
umbilicus.
Species (54. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Florida. Nat. testa imibilicatd, globasd, spird
breviusculd, anfractibus lavibus, superne declivib/cs,
deinde roluudalis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, effimt, co-
lumelld superne leviter callosd, callositate parvd co-
lumnari spirali umbilicicm intrante ; albidd, punctis
palUde spadiceis confertis undalo-aggregatis undique
pictd, umbilico spadiceo.
The florid Natica. Shell umbilicated, globose, spire
rather short, whorls smooth, slanting at the upper
part, then rounded, aperture lunar-ovate, effused,
columella slightly callous at the upper part, with a
small spiral columnar callosity entering the umbili-
cus ; whitish, paiiited thi-ougbout with close-set wavc-
aggi-egated light fawn dots, umbilicus fawn.
Hab. ?
Allied to the preceding, but less globose, and furnished
with a very characteristic columnar callosity.
Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.)
N'atic.4. violacea. Nut. testa subtecte imibilicatd, coiioi-
deo-globosd, crussd, spird breviusculd, obtusd, anfrac-
tibus lavibus, politis, supertie decUvibus, deinde rotun-
datis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, subobliqud, columelld
superne late encaustd, encausto umbilicum fere obte-
gerite ; albd, maculis aurantio-fuscis qitadratis seria-
tim tessellatd, maculis interdum promiscue interruptis,
encausto columellari intense violaceo-roseo.
The violet Natica. Shell with a nearly-covered um-
bilicus, conoid-globose, thick, spire rather short, ob-
tuse, whorls smooth, polished, slanting at the upper
part, then rounded, aperture lunar-ovate, rather ob-
lique, columella broadly enamelled at the upper part,
enamel nearly covering the umbilicus ; white, tessel-
lated with rows of square orange-brown spots, spots
sometimes promiscuously interrupted, columellar ena-
mel deep violet-rose.
SoWERBY, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. xi.
Natica rhodosfoma, Philippi.
Ilab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (in sandy mud at six
fathoms) ; Cuming.
This very beautiful species is distinguished from all others
of the genua by the delicate violet-rose colouring of the
columellar enamel.
Species fi6. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Broderipiana. Nat. testa late umbilicatd, glo-
boid, solidiicsculd, spird exsertd, anfractibus cmwexis,
lo/igitudinaliter pUcato-sulcatis, aperturd lunari-ovatd,
eff'iisd, columella tenuiculd, callositate depressd colum-
nari spirali umbilicum intrante ; pallide aurantio-spa-
diced, fa.iciis tribus distantihus castaneis interruptis.
Broderip's Natica. Shell broadly tmabilicated, globose,
rather solid, spire exserted, whorls convex, longitudi-
nally pUcately grooved, aperture lunar-ovate, effused,
columella rather thin, with a depressed columnar spiral
callosity entering the umbilicus ; light orange-fawn,
encu-cledwith three interrupteddistant chestnut bands.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 205.
Eadem Natica Taslei, Eecluz.
Wib. Xipixapi, West Colombia (in sandy uuid at sixteen
fathoms) ; Cuming.
The surface of this species is impressed longitudinally
with grooves, which at the suture and base pucker it into
fine ribs.
Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica picta. Nat. testa umbilicatd, si/bglobosd, ntri-
tuided, spird breviusculd, anfractibus lavigatis, rotun-
dat'is, aperturd lunari-ovatd, subproductd, columelld
superne callosd, callositate solidd columnari umbilicum
fere iwplente ; albidd, linuis aurantio-spadiceis tenuis-
siiiw umlatis in fasciis qnatuor plus minus aperte sa-
gitiatis undiipue dense pictd.
The painted Natica. Shell umbilicated, subglobose,
ncritoid, spire rather short, whorls smooth, rounded,
aperture lunar-ovate, rather produced, columella cal-
lous at the upper part, with a solid columnar callosity
nearly filling the umbilicus ; whitish, everywhere
densely painted with very finely-waved orange-fawn
lines, more or less openly arrow-headed in four bands.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 18-13, p. 204.
Effidem Natica euzona and Natica elegaiis, Recluz.
Hab. Basey, Isle of Samar, Philippines (on the reefs) ;
Cuming.
The linear painting of this species varies in being more
or less opened out in pattern.
.\pril, 1855.
yntHu.Fi.m.
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A
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Sowcrtry del cl litli
Yiiicait Brooks Imj
NATICA,
Fig. fiS. (Mus. Cuming-.)
Natica ravida. Nal. Irsfii profit iiJi' perspective nmbili-
catd, ijlohosd, solid i. is in /if, .yiird piirtd, ohbtsd, anfrac-
tiiiis Uemjaiis, svpcnii: iJeclicihiiH, dvinde convexis, co-
lumella superne et wfeme densissinie callosd, aper-
turd lunari-ovatd, parviusctdd ; alba, epiderrnide temd
luted sidirufjosci corned iiidutd.
The tawny Natica. Shell deeply perspectively umbili-
cated, globose, very solid, spire smaU, obtuse, whorls
smooth, slanting at the upper part, then convex, co-
lumella very densely callous, above and below, aper-
ture lunar-ovate, rather small ; white, covered with a
thin, rough, horny, yellowish epidermis.
SouLEYET, Voyage de la Bonite.
Hah. St. Elena, West Columbia (in sandy mud at six
fathoms) ; Cuming.
A shell of pecidiar solid globose growth, marble- white,
covered with a thin, rough, yellowish epidermis.
Species 69. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.)
Natica orientalis. Nat. testa late imihilicatd, sitbylo-
bosd, peculiariter laxe convolutd, spird parvd, siibim-
mersd, suturd imp-essd, anfractibns rotnndatis, lavi-
ffntis, juxfa suturam radiatim corrugatis, rapid!} lon-
tjitudinaliter dilatatis, aperturd oblongo-oeatd, am-
pliter dilutato-effusd, colmiielld supra et infra callosd,
callositate cohnnnari spirali mnljUicitm. iidraiile, fith-o-
castaned vel elmrned.
The oriental Natica. Shell broadly umbilicated, sub-
globose, peculiarly loosely convoluted, spire small,
somewhat immersed, suture impressed, whorls round-
ed, smooth, radiately wrinkled next the suture, ra-
pidly longitudinally dilated, aperture oblong-ovate,
largely dilately eftused, columella callous above and
below, with a columnar spiral callosity entering the
umbilicus ; fulvous-chestnut, or white.
Nerita orientalis, Gmclin, Syst. Nat. p. .3673.
Natica ehnrnea, Deshayes.
Ilab. Singapore (in sandy mud, at four to six fathoms) ;
Cuming.
The two varieties of this very characteristic, loosely
convoluted, dilately effused species, arc respectively de-
scribed ^by Chemnitz as snbfatoa and ehiiriieu, but not
named.
Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica rdfa. Nat. testa e.rcimilo-inubiricald, (jlol)oso-
neritoided, soliditisculd, spird lireri, inifruciilius rolitii-
datis, snpen/i declivib/ts et leiiiii p/icti/o-corrHgatis,
iiperliird lunari-ovatd, colimelld superne callosd, cal-
lusiliife colimiuari parvd spirali umhilicmn. intrauie ;
fulco-castaned, fascia pallidd cimjalaid, infra et jnxta
suturam albd.
The red Natica. Shell excavately umbilicated, glo-
bosely neritoid, rather solid, spire short, whorls
rounded, slanting at the upper part, and finely pli-
cately wrinkled, aperture lunar-ovate, columella cal-
lous at the upper part, with a small spiral colunmar
callosity entering the umbilicus ; fulvous-chestnut,
encircled with a pale baud, white beneath and next
the suture.
Lamarck, Auira. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p.
G39.
Nerita rifn, Born.
Uub. Singapore (in sandy mud, at six fathoms) ; Cuming.
This and N. spadir.ea are probably varieties, yet the
former is of larger ventricose growth, and is concavely
impressed next the suture.
Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica solida. Nat. testa suhohtecle umhUicatd, <jlo-
tjoso-neritoided, crassd, solidd, spird abtrreviato-cono-
ided, anfractibus superne coitcavo-declivibus, deinde
rotundatis, Ixvigatis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, columella
superne dense encaustd, encausto super umliiUcmn revo-
lutd; violaceo-castaned, encausto columellari iutense
purpureo-castaneo, niteute.
The solid Natica. Shell with a nearly covered umbi-
licus, globosely neritoid, thick, solid, spire shortly
conoid, whorls concavely slanting at the upper part,
theu rounded, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, colu-
mella thickly enamelled at the upper part, enamel
roUed back over the umbilicus ; violet-chestnut, co-
lumellar enamel dark purple-chestnut, shining.
Bi.ai.n'ville, Malacologie, pi. 36. f. 8.
//(//;. San Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines (in sandy
mud, at ten fathoms) ; Cuming.
Characterized by a peculiarly dark violet-chestaut
enamel.
April, 1855
Nntim Pl.m.
/^.
i>-_V>>=^
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ir'.^is Iti^
NATICA.
Plate XVII.
Spccirs 73. (Mus. Ciiming.)
Natica filosa. Nat. tedd mhanymle umbiUcatd, cum-
presso-ovatd, Siyaretoided, spird Irevi, acmninatd, un-
fractihus dedki-corivexis, arcuatim longitudinalikr
striata, slriis minutis impressis nndulatis spiralibm
decussatd, aufractu, ultimo injlato, aperturd ampld,
columella mblate rejlexd ; albidd, fasciis duabiis latis
dilute ferrugineo-fuscis cingidatd, columella purpiireo-
nigricante.
The thread-marked Natica. Shell rather narrowly
umbilicated, compressly ovate, inflated, Sigaretus-
shaped, spii'e short, acuminated, whorls slantingly
convex, arcuately longitudinally striated, decussated
with minute, waved, spiral, impressed iintu, last
whorl large, inflated, aperture large, columella rather
broadly reflected ; whitish, encircled with two broad,
diluted, rust-brown bands, columella purple-black.
SowERBY, MS3., Mus. Cuming.
Hab. ?
This species, belonging to the group of Naticcs, par-
taking mostly of the character of Sigandm, is distinguished
by its decussated thread-like sculpture.
Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Succineoides. Nat. tcdd angude obtecte um-
biUcatd, compresse ovatd, spird brevi, acmninatd, an-
fractibus oblique plicato-striatis, snperne concavo-de-
clivibus, delude plano-conxexis, aufroxiu nUiiuo in-
jlato, aperturd ampld, basi subeffntsd, cnh'uieUd phiiio-
rcfie.xd, mubilicum tegente ; alba, qiidi:n,iide teuui
induta, columelld et area umbilicali purpureo-nigris.
The Succinea-like Natica. Shell with a narrow co-
vered umbilicus, compressly ovate, spire short, acu-
minated, whorls obliquely plicately striated, eoncavely
slanting at the upper part, then flatly convex, last
whorl inflated, aperture large, rather eft'used at the
base, columella flatly reflected at the back, covering
the umbilicus ; white, covered with a thin epidermis,
columella and umbilical area purple-black.
Hab. Pasacoa, Island of Luzon, Philippines (in sandy mud
at ten fathoms) ; Cuming.
A delicate white species, having the characteristic form
of Succii/ea, with the rich purple-black stained columella
broadly reileeted aud pressed down upon the umbilicus.
Species 7k (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming ; Fig. b, Mus. Taylor.)
Natica Seb.b. Nat. lestd anguste nmbilicatd, oblongo-
ovatd, tenuiculd, spird parvd, acuminatd, anfractibus
leviler convexis, temie plicato-striatis, slriis minutis-
.umis .ipiralibus impressis decussntis, aufractu ultimo
Mul/o tiijhdo, (iperlurd auipld, .^ithquudrulu-orntd, co-
luiiirllu brcriiisntlii, aiipi-nie hile apprcmt ; pelhicido-
iilhd, j'liam hilerdu,,, oljseiire fiisc'inld, epidermide fulm
induta, columelld riohiceu-J'uscd.
Seba's Natica. Shell narrowly umbilicated, oblong-
ovate, rather thin, spire small, acuminated, whorls
slightly convex, finely plicately striated, striae decus-
sated with spiral, very minute, impressed stria;, last
whorl much inflated, aperture large, somewhat square-
ly ovate, columella rather short, broadly appressed at
the upper part ; transparent white, sometimes ob-
scurely banded with brown, covered with a fulvous
epidermis, columella violet-brown.
Souleyet, Voyage de la Bonite, pi. 3.5, f. 0, 7.
Hab. San Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines (under
stones) ; Cuming.
A fine bold species, the largest and most inflated of the
Sigaretus-like group.
Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Zanzibarica. Nat. testa subobtecte umbiUcatd,
coiupi-esse quadrato-ovatd, spird minutd, aufractibus
longitudinaliter plicato-striatis, striis mimUissimis im-
pressis spiralibus decussatis, anfractu ultimo peramplo,
injlato, aperturd qnndrato-ovatd, patnld, columelld
late rcjh'xd, limhilimui frri: l.ycnle : ulhd,fiixc'id fused
interrnpid ahsnu-r ninjulald. rjjidrruiidr fnlnl indutd,
columelld el arrd iiiMllrali iiigrirunle-vaslauris.
The Zanzibau N.viica. Shell with a nearly covered
umbilicus, compressly quadrately ovate, spire very
small, whorls longitudinally plicately striated, strioa
decussated with very minute spiral impressed stria;,
last whorl very large, inflated, aperture squarely
ovate, open, columella broadly reflected back, nearly
covering the umbibcus; white, obscurely encircled
NATICA.— Plate XVII.
with a brown inten-upted band, covered with a ful-
vous epidermis, columella and umbilical area blackish -
chestnut.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 213.
Hah. Zanzibar; Thorn.
Distinguished chiefly from the other species of the
group by its square and more open form and minute spire.
Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica SimI/E. Nat. testa obtecte umbilicatd, ovatd, spiril
brevi, anfractibw declwi-convexis, minute plicato-stri-
atis, sttbuitewtiius, apertvrd oblongo-ovatd, cohimelld
late rejlexd, wmbilicum fere tegente; cxrulescente-albd,
maculis undatis nifescente-castamis, bizonatim, iii-
terdum trizonatim, chignl.atd, columella nigricante-cas-
taned.
The monkey Natica. Shell with a nearly covered um-
bilicus, ovate, spire short, whorls slantingly convex,
minutely plicately striated, rather shining, aperture
oblong-ovate, columella broadly reflected, nearly co-
vering the umbilicus ; bluish-white, encircled with
two, sometimes thj-ee, zones of waved reddish chest-
nut spots, columella blackish-chestnut.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 552.
Ruma Simla, Chemnitz.
Eadem, Natica Simioides, Recluz.
Hub. Philippine Islands.
Distinguished by its bands of waved reddish chestnut-
streaked spots and shining sui-face.
Xunra , /7, JUII.
.P^*^
Sowalv dci t liri
NATICA.
Plate XVIII.
Species 77. (Mus. Ciimiug.)
N.VTICA IMPERFORATA. Nat. testd ohtecti umbiUcatd, ylo-
bosd, solidd, spird suhexsertd, obtum, anfractihm sn-
penie subcoiicavo-impressis, deinde convexis, aperturd
semilimari, colunielld dense callom, callodlate late
expansd, umbilicum implente ; Iwido-albd, Jlammis
irevibus rufis infra suturani cimjulatd, deinde p/mciis
rvfs UHihjne aspersd.
The imperforated Natica. Shell with a covered umbi-
licus, globose, solid, spire somewhat exscrted, obtuse,
whorls somewhat eoncavely impressed round the
upper part, then convex, aperture semilunar, colu-
mella densely callous, callosity broadly spread, filling
up the umbilicus ; livid-white, encircled beneath the
suture with short red flames, then everywhere sprin-
kled with red dots.
SowEEBY, Zool. Beechey's Voyage, p. 135. pi. 37. f. 1.
Hab. Buffalo, Cape of Good Hope.
A very distinct solid species, encircled beneath the su-
ture with a characteristic fringe of irregular red flames,
the remainder of the shell being freckled with dots of the
same colom-. The callosity thickly overspreads the um-
liilicus.
Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica melastoma. Nat. testd obtecte iimbi/imtd,
ovatd, subtits plaiiimculd, spird obtusd, aufractibus sii-
penie superJlciaUter concaco-excavatis, oblique striatis,
striisfere obsoletis, aperiurd ovatd, colunielld late cal-
losd, calhsitate nmbilicimi daudente ; limh-cinered,
callositate sanguined.
The black-modth Natica. Shell with a covered um-
bilicus, ovate, rather flattened beneath, spire obtus e
whorls faintly eoncavely excavated round the upper
part, obliquely striated, strife almost obsolete, aper-
ture ovate, columella broadly callous, callosity over-
spreading the umbilicus; livid-ash, callosity blood-red.
SwAiNSON, Zool. lUus. 1st Series, pi. 79.
Natica sanyuinoleida, Deshayes.
Hah. Mouth of the Brisbane Eiver, Australia.
The umbilicus of this species is entirely overspread bv
a delicate blood-stained callosity.
Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica ianthostoma. Nat. testd sidjoblecte iimbilicatd,
fflobosd, subii/flatd, spird subexsertd, apice acntd, uii-
fractibus rotundatis, obsolete plicato-striatd, aperturd
ovato-avriformi, columelld tenwi, uiMUco parvo, cal-
lositate fere impleto ; fidvo-fusceseeute, aperturd vio-
lascente tiuctd.
The violet-mouthed Natica. Shell with a nearly
covered umbilicus, globose, somewhat inflated, spire
rather exserted, sharp at the apex, whorls rounded,
obsoletely pHcately striated, aperture ovately ear-
shaped, columella tliiu, umbilicus small, nearly filled
with the callosity ; fulvous-brown, aperture stained
with violet.
Deshayes, Guerin's Mag. de Zool. pi. 45.
Hab. Kamtschatka.
There is but a faint tinge of violet in the specimen of
this species here figured, but the colour is well shown in
the original figure of M. Deshayes.
Species SO. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Flemingiana. Nat. testd mnbilico parmuscido,
pyrifurmi-ocatd, crassissimd, solidd, ■•spird subexsertd,
obtusi callosd, a)ifractibus superne callosis, lavibus,
aperturd si'iiiiJiiiiari, parviusculd, columelld s/iperue
dense callosd ; omnino uitente-ebumed.
Flejii.vg's Natica. Shell with a rather small umbili-
cus, ]5_\Tiformly ovate, very thick, solid, spire rather
exserted, obtusely callous, whorls slanting at the
upper part, smooth, apertiu'c semilunar, rather small,
columella densely callous at the upper part ; every-
where shining ivory-white.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 209.
Hab. Sorsogon, Isle of Luzon, Philippines (among sand
and small stones) ; Cuming.
A very solid, shining, ivory-white shell of peculiar form
and character.
Species 81. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Stkangei. Nat. testa subanguste perspective iim-
bilicatd, globoso-ovatd, spird subexsertd, anfractibus
■wpcrne superficialiter coiwavo-excatmtis, et obliijui
pticato-striatis, deinde rotundatis, kevibus, aperturd
pi/riformi-lunari, columelld superne late callosd j li-
cido-ciuered, fascia angnstd sanguined infra sutnram,
apice cmrnleo-nigro, ared umbilicaU labia et murgine
callositatis vivide sanguineis.
Strange's Natica. Shell rather naiTowly perspectively
umbilicated, globosely ovate, spire somewhat ex-
serted, whorls faintly eoncavely excavated round the
upper part, and obliquely pHoately striated, then
rounded and smooth, aperture pyriformly lunar, co-
lumella broadly callous at the upper part ; livid-ash,
with a narrow blood-red band beneath the suture,
apex blue-black, umbilical area, lip, and edge of the
callosity bright blood-red.
Hab. Port Jackson, South Australia (on mud bank^) ;
Strange.
A solid species, allied to .V. pln.nbea, of a delicate slate
or livid-ash colour, stained with deep blood-red round tin-
aperture and within the umbibcal area, wilh a lighter baud
of the same colour beneath the suture.
May.
Xaiiru,PLJIX.
.^^^
'V
-^^
'■'1
NATICA.
Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica CniNENSls. Nat. testa, siihohtcde umhiltcald,
semiglohoscl, sjiird brevi, stdiird imjn'essd, anguste ca-
naUmlatd, npice acuta, afifraciibm mperne plicato-
■\lr'wtis, dfinde lavlhns, couce.rix, a/irrt/ira sciiiihiiiar/,
xnhi'll'iixi! , luiihiUco amplo, cuUosituli' laid '<i'„iii,iiiilrlii ;
nlhd, mandis castaueis sidiqnadi-ntis dixtiiiiUbiiti i-cMidi
ciiigulald, epldermide tenia indatd.
The Chinese Natica. Shell with a uenrly covered uiii-
bUicus, seniiglobose, spire short, suture impressed,
narrowly cliauncUed, apex sharp, whorls plicately
striated round the upper part, then smooth, convex,
aperture semilunar, somewhat effused, umbilicus
large, half-filled with a broad callosity; white, re-
motely encircled with distant, somewhat square chest-
nut spots, covered with a thin epidermis.
Lamarck, Anim. saus vert. vol. viii. p. 6i4.
Hah. China and Philippine Islands.
This species is chiefly distinguished by the distinct
square-like character and distant arrangement of the spots.
Species 83. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Adansoni. Nat. tedd ampliter penpectm vui-
biUcatd, subglobosd, spird medlocri, apice acuta, aii-
fractibus miperul planatk et oblique striatis, delude ro-
tuudatis, lisvigatis, basin versus siibattenuatis, aper-
turd subangicste semilunari, unibilico callositate patum
(devoid; carneo-albd, pnnctis riijis undique aspersd,
maculis subob-iciire bifasciatd, callositate rufd.
Adanson's Natica. Shell largely perspectively umbili-
cated, subglobose, spire moderate, sharp at the apex,
whorls flattened and obliquely striated at the upper
part, then rounded, smooth, slightly attenuated to-
wards the base, aperture rather naiTOwly semilunar,
umbilicus with a slightly raised callosity ; flesh-white,
everywhere sprinkled with red dots, and encircled
with two obscure bands of blotches, callosity red.
Le Fanel, Adanson.
Natica Fanel, Recluz.
Hab. East and west coasts of Africa.
The name given to this species by the old French con-
chologist of Senegal cannot be strictly used in a Latin
form of nomenclature. It is always distinct both in form
and colouring from the allied species of Senegal, and in-
habits also Zanzibar.
Species 8i. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Jckesii. Nat. testa umbilicatd, globo'so-neri-
toided, soUdissimd, crassd, spird mimitd, vix elevatd,
anfractibus convexis, politis, aperturd semilunari, par-
viusculd, columelld late callosd, iimbilico perspectim ;
omnino nitente-ehurned.
Jukes' Natica. Shell umbilicated, globosely neritoid,
very solid, thick, spire minute, scarcely elevated,
whorls convex, polished, aperture semilunar, rather
small, columella broadly callous, umbilicus perspec-
tive ; everywhere shining ivory-white.
Natica candidissima, Rccluz (not of Le GuiUou).
Iliib. North Australia ; Jukes.
A very solid neritoid shell, of shining ivory-white sub-
stance, distinguished by a particularly small superficial
spire, and arched perspective umbilicus.
Species 85. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica unimaculata. Nat. testd compresse umbilicatd,
suJipyriJ'ormi-ovatd, crassd, solidd, spird brevi, acumi-
natd, anfractibus swperue decUvibus, deinde convexis,
Iccvigatis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, columelld stiperne
late callosd, caUosifate umbUicali mediocri ; albidd,
i-piderniide corned fahd indiitd, cuUosiiate piirpureo-
niacdatd.
The one-spotted Natica. Shell compressly umbili-
cated, somewhat pyriformly ovate, thick, solid, spire
short, acuminated, whorls slanting at the upper part,
then convex, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, columella
broadly callous at the upper part, umbilical callosity
moderate ; white, covered with a fulvous horny epi-
dermis, callosity stained with a purple spot.
Hub. Mnzatlan ; Lieut. Shipley.
A solid shell, of a pyriformly ovate shape, whitish, co-
vered with a conspicuous fulvous epidermis. Its chief
peculiarity consists in there being a characteristic purple
stain on the umbiKcal callosity.
Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Gallapagosa. Nai. testd ai/gnste arcnatiin um-
bilicatd, ovato-globosd, crassiusculd, spird brevitisculd,
obtusd, anfractibus siiperue declivibus, deinde plano-
conrcvis, lavigatis, ant teimissime oblique striatis,
aperturd ovatd, columelld snperne valde callosd ; ci-
nereo-plumbed, fascia latd pallide unrantid juxta su-
turani, apertura: fa uce fuscesceute.
The Gallapagos Natica. Shell naiTowly arcuately
umbilicated, ovately globose, rather thick, spire rather
short, obtuse, whorls slanting at the upper part, then
flatly convex, smooth, or very finely obliquely stri-
ated, aperture ovate, columella very callous at the
upper part ; ash-lead, with a broad light orange band
next the suture, interior of the aperture brownish.
Kecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 213.
Hab. Albemarle Island, Gallapagos group (in coral sand);
Cuming.
An obtusely ovate species, of a lead-ash colour, encir-
cled round the spire with a broad pale orange band.
May, 1855.
JatJfo.B.JX
<^^^^-'-^
4
h
NATICA.
Plate XX.
Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica collaeia. Nat. testa mnbilicatd, glohosa, sjiird
iubproducta, sntiird ptanaid, leviter canalicuhitd, an-
fractibm convexis, aperturd semihinari, cohoiielld te-
nuicuM, calJositate parvd colimmari wmhiliciim in-
trante ; albidd, striyis pallide rufescente-fuscis taidatix
pictd, strigis ampHi paticioribtis in fascid pateute infra
suturam.
The collar Natica. Shell iimbilicated, globose, spire
rather produced, suture flattened, slightly channelled,
whorls convex, aperture semilunar, columella rather
thin, with a small columnar callosity entering the
umbilicus ; wliitish, painted with light waved reddish-
brown streaks, streaks beneath the sutui'e large and
fewer, in an open band.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 638.
Hab. Senegal.
The open zigzag waves which fonn a collar, so to speak,
round the upper part of each whorl, are always charac-
teristic of this species.
Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.)
Xatica clausa. Nat. iestd imperforatd, ylobulari, tenni-
culd, spird hrevi, snbexsertd, anfractibus ■V(peme sub-
depressis, deinde rotundaiis, lavigatis, aperturd hmari-
ovatd, coliimeUd tenui, callosd, caUositate mubilicurn
claudente ; albidd aut fuscescente.
The closed Natica. Shell imperforated, globular, rather
thin, spu-e short, rather esserted, whorls a little de-
pressed round the upper part, then rounded, smooth,
aperture lunar-ovate, columella thin, caUous, callosity
closing the umbilicus; white or brownish.
BoRDEEip and Sowerby, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. .360.
Hub. North Sea.
Of a delicate white or brownish colour, generally thin, but
varpng in substance according to circumstances of locality.
Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Inch. Nat. tedd ohted'e mnbilicatd, orhictdari-
depressd, solidiusculd, spird pluuo-obtusd, anfruciibus
angustis, .viperne declim-ronre.vis, inferne rotundatis,
/i/in/Uis.si„/e dt'Cii.mitim. .Hriatis, aperlvrd 1 itnari-ovatd,
//ori-on/fi/i, cohtmeUd si(bcicii/e adlosd, caUositate lata,
rotmidatd, in ared umbilicali ; nitente-albd.
Ince's Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, orbi-
cularly depressed, rather solid, spire flatly obtuse,
whorls narrow, slantingly convex at the upper part,
rounded at the lower, very minutely decussately
striated, aperture lunar-ovate, horizontal, columella
rather sharply callous, callosity broad, round, in the
umbilical area ; shining white.
Philippi, MS. Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Torres Straits, Australia ; Capt. Incc.
A species of solid texture, and of peculiarly depressed
growth, with a large solid button-like callosity filling up
the umbilical area.
Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Zelandica. Nat. testd vix tmibilicatd, globoso-
Inrbinatd, spird stihexsertd, anfractibus snperne declivi-
conre.vis, deinde rotundatis, glabris, aperturd Iniiari-
otntd, columelld tenui, caUositate rotuudnfd in urea
iinibilicnii ; liiteo-spadiced, maculis fuscis circua/is
quinquefa-mald.
The New Zealand Natica. Shell scarcely umbilieated,
globosely turbinated, spii-e rather esserted, whorls
slantingly convex on the upper part, then rounded,
smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, columella thin, with a
round callosity in the umbilical area ; yellowish-fawn,
cncii-cled with five zones of arched brown spots.
QuoY and Gaimard, Voy. de I'Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 237.
pi. 66. f. 11 and 13.
Natica afjinis, Philippi.
Hab. New Zealand.
Of a smooth porcelain-like substance, painted with five
rows of arched spots.
Pig. 91. (Mus. Cuming.)
For description of this species. A', sulcata, see next Plate,
Sp. 95.
Maj% 1855.
y,iiir.i .pi.m.
0
J
5owerby Wetlilh
'Vincent Brooks Imp
NATICA.
Plate XXI.
Species 92. (Fig. «, Mus. Taylor ; Fig. h, c,
Mus. Cumiug.)
Natica catenata. Nat. testa anifliter excavate imihi-
licatd, oblique depresm, siibbiflatd, infra concam, npird
parvd, anfractibus superne declivibits, dense plicato-
striaiis, interstitiis acute impresm, anfractmaii medio
et parte inferiori leevibus vel minute decussatim stri-
atis, aperturd lunari-ovaid, subampld, cffimi, columella
tenui, callositate lata obtusd columuari umbilicum iu-
traute ; Uvido-citiereu, Jlammis fulvo-fnticescentibus
fasciatim pictd.
The chained Natica. Shell largely cxcavately umbi-
licated, obliquely depressed, somewhat inflated, con-
cave beneath, spire small, whorls slanting in the
upper part, densely plicately striated, the interstices
being sharply impressed, middle and lower portion
of the whorls smooth or minutely decussately stri-
ated, aperture lunar-ovate, rather large, effused, co-
lumella thin, with a broad obtuse columnar callosity
entering the umbilicus ; livid ash-colour, painted
with bands of fulvous-brown flames.
Philippi, Pro. Zool. See. 1851.
Hah. Sicily.
This very interesting species is of an obliquely de-
pressed form, characterized beneath the suture with a
dense row of deeply grooved plicated ridges, which ter-
minate suddenly at about oue-third of the shell.
A very solid conical species, of a shining white, faintly
tinged with brown.
Species 93. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica pyeamis. Nat. testd subobtecte nmbilieatd, co-
noided, crassd, solidd, spird valde exsertd, anfractibus
declivi-convexis, Mimiti- dt'cifsxnfiiu striata, aperturd
parviusculd, lunari-iirnUi, riihi„i(>lld superne crasse
callosd; fuscescentv-idhd, nitnile.
The pyramid Natica. Shell with a nearly covered
umbilicus, conoid, thick, soHd, spire much exserted,
whorls slantingly convex, minutely decussately stri-
ated, aperture rather small, lunar-ovate, columella
thickly callous at the upper part; brownish-white,
shining.
Ilab. Mouth of the Swan Eiver, New Holland (in sandy
mud, at the depth of ten fathoms); Lieut. Collie,
E.N.
Species 94. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Elen^. Nat. testd ampliter excavate umbilicatu,
oblique depressd, inflatd, spird parvd, anfractibus con-
vexis, supra et infra dense pUcaio-liraiis, aperturd
subampld, lunari-ovatd, e/pisd, colunn-lht .wjicriii'- cal-
losd, callositate laid cohiniiinri i'„il)iliriijii intmnte ;
lutescente-albd, lineis fiiho-rujis iiitrrnipl'i' imdnlis
dense longitudinaliter pictd.
The Elena Natica. Shell largely excavately umbili-
cated, obliquely depressed, inflated, spire small,
whorls convex, closely plicately ridged above and
below, aperture rather large, lunar-ovate, effused,
columella callous at the upper part, with a broad
columnar callosity entering the umbilicus ; yellowish-
white, densely longitudinally painted with interrupt-
edly waved fulvous-red lines.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 205.
Eadem Natica Haneti, Eccluz.
Eab. St. Elena, West Columbia (in sandy mud, at six
fathoms) ; Cuming.
Peculiarly characterized by the fulvous-red lines with
which it is densely longitudinally painted, being here and
there suddenly shaken or dislocated, so to speak, in their
plan of waving.
Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica sulcata. Nat. testd ampliter e.vcavatii nmbili-
eatd, oblique depressd, crassiusculd, spird brevi, an-
fractibus rottmdatis, juxta .mturas impressis, undique
fortiier sulcatis et cancellatis, aperturd lunari-ovatd,
effusd, columelld superne callosd, callositate laid co-
lumnari umbilicum intrante ; alhidd, fulvo-aurantio
interdum fasciatd et maculatd.
The grooved Natica. Shell largely excavately umbi-
licated, obliquely depressed, rather thick, spire short,
whorls round, impressed next the sutures, strongly
grooved and cancellated throughout, aperture lunar-
ovate, effused, columella callous at the upper part,
with a broad columnar callosity entering the umbi-
licus ; white, sometimes banded and mottled with
fulvous-orange.
June, 1855.
NATICA.— Plate XXI.
Neriltt sulcata, Boru, Test. Mus. CiEs. Vindobonensis,
pi. 17. f. 5, 6.
Nerita cancellata, Graelin.
Natica cancellata, Lamarck.
Natica sulcata, Deshayes.
Hab. West Indies.
Tlie only species n^i Natica wliich is absolutely sculptured
throughout .
Species 96. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Grcenlandica. Nat. testa vix vmbilicatd, glo-
liosd, spird snhampld, exsertd, anfractibvs rotmuhtis,
laviljKS, ojiertiird lunarl-ovatd, colmnelld uiferne cal-
loso-rffiexd ; opaco-albd, epidennide virescmte-cinered
indutd, versus apicem plus minus erosd.
The Greenland Natica. Shell scarcely umbilieated,
globose, spire rather large, exserted, whorls rounded,
smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, columella callously re-
flected at the lower part ; opake-white, covered with
a greenish - ash epidermis, more or less eroded to-
wards the apex.
Beck, Moller, Ind. Moll. Grccnlandia-, p. 7.
Hah. Greenland and Norway-
A light chalk-w'hite species, covered with a peculiar
livid-ash smooth horny epidermis.
yalira ,PI.XnL
m.'M
^}
2k
T&ieent Bioob Imp
NATICA.
Plate XXII.
Species 97. (Fig. n, b, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Natic.\ intricata. Na(. tenia subampUter excavate um-
bilicatd, subobUque ylobosd, solidd, spird mediocri, au-
fractibun superni concavo-ckpressis, deinde rotuudatis,
IfBvibus, aperturd Itmari-ovatd, columella superne cal-
lom-reflexd ; fuhescente-albd, flammu tentdbus nifes-
cente-fusch, fasciisqne vittatis angustis.
The entangled Natica. Shell rather largely exca-
vately umbilicated, rather obliquely globose, solid,
spire moderate, whorls concavely depressed round
the upper part, then rounded, smooth, aperture lunar-
ovate, columella callously reflected at the upper part ;
fulvous-white, painted with fine reddish-brown flames
and narrow filleted bands.
Kerita intricata, Donovan, British Shells, vol. v. pi. \f\l.
Natica Vulenciennesii, Payraudeau.
Hab. Mediterranean.
Though originally described as a British shell, this spe-
cies is not indigenous to our coast. It is an inhabitant
of the Mediterranean, belonging to the same type as N.
Marochiemis.
Pig. 98. (Mus. Cuming.)
The shell here figured proves to be the young of N.
Simla, represented at Plate XVII. Fig. 76.
Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Vavaosi. Nat. profundi perspective umbiUcatd,
oblique ovatd, soUdissimd, spird obttcsd, stcbproducld,
anfractibus superiw concavo-declivibus, deinde convexis,
aperturd parvd, hmari-ovatd, colmnelld callositate la-
tissimd reflexd ad partem superiorem, umbilicum par-
tim tegente ; nitente eburned.
The Vavao Natica. Shell deeply perspectively umbi-
licated, obliquely ovate, very solid, spire obtuse,
rather produced, whorls concavely slanting at the
upper part, then convex, aperture small, lunar-ovate,
columella with a very broad reflected callosity at the
upper part, partially covering the umbilicus ; shining
ivory-white.
Le Guillou, MS. in Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Island of Vavao, South Pacific.
Distinguished from N. candidisuma of the same author,
from the same locality, by its more obliquely oblong form.
and more produced apex, and very broad recurved shelf
of enamel bridged across the umbUicus.
Species 100. (Mus. Taylor.)
Natica fulgueans. Nat. testd nmhilicatd, oblique glo-
bosd, subtus concavd, solidiusculd, spird mediocri, an-
fractibus rotuudatis. Iambus vel temie striatis, aper-
turd lunari-ovatd,columelld tenuiculd, callositate parvd
columnari umbilicum intrante ; albd, flammis fulgn-
raniibus spadiceo-nigris irregulariter confluentihus
pictd.
The LienTNiNG-MAEKED Natica. Shell umbilicated,
obliquely globose, concave beneath, rather solid,
spire moderate, whorls rounded, smooth or finely
striated, aperture lunar-ovate, columella rather thin,
with a small columnar callosity entering the umbi-
licus ; white, marked with fawn - black lightning
flames, irregularly flowing together.
Eecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. '206.
llab. Senegal.
A solid species, very characteristic in its bold irregular
style of painting.
Species 101. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica melanostomoides. Nat. testd imperforatd,
tenui, auriformi, hiflatd, spird parvd, ohtusd, anfrac-
tibus convexo - decUvibu^, striatis, ultimo permulto
maxima, compresso, aperturd perampld, basi efi'usd,
colmnelld tenue reflexd; peUucido-albd, maculisfuko-
castaneis interruptis triseriatim zonatd, epidermide
stramined partim indutd, encaustd columeUuri cas-
taned.
The melanostojioid Natica. Shell imperforated,
thin, ear-shaped, inflated, spire small, obtuse, whorls
convexly slanting, striated, the last very much the
largest, compressed, aperture very large, effused at
the base, columella thinly reflected; transparent
white, encircled with three rows of interrupted ful-
vous-chestnut spots, partially covered with a straw-
coloured epidermis, columellar enamel chestnut.
QuoY and Gaimard, Voy. de I'Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 329.
pi. 66. f. 4 to 8.
Hah. New Guinea and New Ireland ; Quoy.
This species is the extremest auriform type of the Si-
garetoid group of Natica, having nearly the form of a
Succinea.
June, 1855.
Fatira .J'J.IXm.
^
%m,
^-.cent Brooks -inp .
NATICA.
Plate XXIII.
Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natic.v porcellanea. Nat. tesid aiujiidi pfofmule um-
lUicata, oblique glolosd, solida, qnrd brevi, obtiud,
anfractibus mperne coricavo-indentaiis, delude convcxin.
aperturd lunan-oi-atil
caUosUate parvd ruliin
coh,,„elld
"'/"-
/«/,} c,i//o.«,
i,.,h'il'icnui.;iitrn,ilc
nicdJU,
■ pari
lescente-lacti'd, epidvrni 'uh-
dtiid.
The porcelain Natica. Shell iiaiTowly deeply umbi-
licated, obliquely globose, solid, spire short, obtuse,
whorls coiicavely indented round the upper part, then
convex, aperture lunar-ovate, columella broadly cal-
lous at the upper part, with a small columnar callo-
sity entering the umbilicus ; bluish milk-white, par-
tially covered with a yellowish-horny epidermis.
D'Okbiony, MS. in JIus. Cuming.
Hab. BaUia.
A solid milk-white shell, partially covered with a yel-
lowish epidermis, distinguished chiefly by a gently in-
dented opake concavity round the upper portion of the
whorls.
nnfracUbws rotmdatis, lisvibus, nitentihts, aperturd
j tidiuri-ovatd, colnmelld calloso-r^exd ; albidd, livido-
j ceendfscente plus mimis tiuctd, fulvo-nifo nndiqne mi-
j niite reticidatd et ad bami fasciatd, encaustd coln-
1 meUari fidvo-cristdiicd.
j The variable Natica. Shell scarcely umbilicated,
j rather obliquely globose, rather solid, spii-e moderate,
rather sharp at the apes, whorls rounded, smooth,
shining, aperture luuar-ovate, columella callously re-
flected ; whitish, more or less stained with livid-blue,
covered with a fine network of fulvous-red and banded
at the base, columellar enamel fulvous-chestnut.
IvECLfz, MS. in Mus. Cuming.
JIab. ?
This species belongs to the same type as N. ivtricnia,
and is probaljly from the J\Iediterranean.
Species 103. (]\Ius. Cuming.)
Natica eufilabris. Nat. testd obtecte umbUicatd, sitb-
fflobo-sd, teuiiicidd, spird mediocri, sube.vsertd, anfrac-
tihns rotundatis, l/rvibits, aperturd ovafd, columettd
superne callosd, callositate lata reflexd unibilicuvt te-
gente ; livido-plumbed, obsolete fasciatd, tiitente, en-
caustd columellari et callositate vivide castaneis.
The red-lipped Natica. Shell with a covered umbi-
licus, subglobose, rather thin, spire moderate, a little
exserted, whorls rounded, smooth, aperture ovate,
columella caUous at the upper part, with a broad re-
flected callosity covering the umbilicus ; Uvid lead-
colour, obsoletely banded, shining, columellar enamel
and callosity bright chestnut.
Hab. Bahia.
A rather light shining livid lead-coloured species, with
the columellar enamel and callosity deep bright chestnut.
Species 104. (JIus. Cuming.)
Natica variabilis. Nat. testd vix tcmbilicatd, siibob-
lique gJobosd, soUdiusculd, spird mediocri, apice acuta.
Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Gajibi.e. Nat. testd anguste mnhilicatd, oblique
globosd, crassiu.Kuld, spird conico-depressd, apice acuta,
niifractibns suj)erne oblique plicato-siilcatis, delude
lacihus, rotundafis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, columelld
callositate lata rejlexd, praclpue ad partem superiormi;
alhd, liiterdum dilute carneo-linctd.
The Gambia Natica. Shell narrowly umbilicated,
obliquely globose, rather thick, spire conically de-
pressed, sharp at the apex, whorls obliquely plicately
grooved round the upper part, then smooth, rounded,
aperture lunar-ovate, columella with a broad reflected
callosity, particularly at the upper part ; white, some-
times faintly flesh -tinged.
liECLUZ, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 207.
Hab. IMouth of the River Gambia, West Africa (found ou
the sands) ; Mr. Beale, of Jersey.
A solid shining flesh-wliite shell, well characterized by
an oblique row of plicated grooves below the sutui-es.
Species IOC). (Mus. Cumuig.)
Natica nitida. Nat. testd anguste umbiUcatd, conico-
glohosd, subveiitrlcosd, spird acute conoided, anfracti-
bus .Huperne decUvi-convexis, delude rotundatls, aper-
turd Imiari-oblongd, columelld teuuiter reflexd, ad basin
arcuatd; carulesceHle-albd,maculisfulvo-rufescentibus
June, 1855.
NATICA.— Plate XXIII.
obscure quinquefasciatd, encamtd coliimeUari fiilro-
casianed.
The shining Natica. Shell narrowly iimbilicated, co-
iiically globose, subventricose, spire sharply couoid,
whorls slantingly convex round the upper part, then
rounded, aperture lunar-oblong, columella thinly re-
flected, arched at the base; bluish-white, obscurely
five -banded with fulvous -red blotches, columellar
enamel fulvous-chestnut.
Nerita nitida, Donovan, Brit. Shells, vol. iv. pi. Hi.
Natica nitida, Fleming.
Natica Alderi, Forbes.
Natica Chdllemitti, Payraudeau.
Hai. Seas of Europe.
An elegantly formed species, mostly of a livid bluish
coloui', obscurely painted with bands of fulvous-red
lilotches, of which the uppermost is the most distinct.
Species 107. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica plicatula. Nat. lestd a/iffuste umbiUcatd, tjlo-
bosd, temdculd, sjjird subobiusd, aufractibus rotuudatis,
sttbrugosis, rude tenuiplicatis, aperturd liinari-oblongd,
columella tenuiter reflexd ; sordide fulim, ferrugiueo-
riifo tinctd.
The finely plicated Natica. Shell narrowly umbi-
licated, globose, rather thin, spire rather obtuse,
whorls rounded, rather rough, rudely finely plicated,
aperture lunar-oblong, columella thinly reflected ;
dirty fulvous, tinged with rust-red.
Nuttall, Jay's Catalogue of Shells, p. 68.
Hah. ?
A light rough fulvous-red shell, ireegularly finely pli-
cated.
Xatim.PI.niY.
0
,m
m^
m
w
■feicent Btool-s Imp
NATICA.
Species 108. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Natica umbtlicata. Nat. testa anqAltvr obliqui exca-
oate umbilicatd, convexo-depresscl, Ealiotiformi, tenui,
semipdluciild, qnrd hrevi-mmd, laterali, anfractihus
coKWxis, temdter dwussaiim striatis, ultimo maximo,
injlaio, aperturd ovatd, marg'mibus apjiroximrttis ; siib-
pelliicido-albd, ferrugineo-rvfo promiscue stiigatu H
macidatd.
The umbilicated Natica. Shell largely obliquely ex-
cavately umbilicated, convexly depressed, Haliotis-
shaped, thin, semitransi5aront, spire very short, la-
teral, whorls convex, finely decussately striated, last
whorl much the largest, inflated, aperture ovate, with
the margins approximated ; subtransparent white,
promiscuously streaked and spotted with rust-red.
QuoY, Voy. de I'Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 234. pi. 6(5. f. 22
and 23.
Hab. Van Diemen's Land ; Eonald C. Gunn.
A light semitransparent Haliotis-shaped shell, with a
veiy peculiar obliquely excavated umbilicus.
Species 109. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica teisekiata. Nat. testa snbanguste mnbilicutd,
glohosd, sptrd breviuscidd, sidurd leviter impreum, ai/-
fractibiis rotundatls, obsolete plicato-striatls, aperturd
ovatd, columelld super iie calloso-reflexd ; Imdo-grised,
obscure triseriutd, hie illic ferrugineodinctd, callosi-
tiite opaco-albd, apertures fauce castaned.
The three-banded Natica. Shell rather narrowly
umbilicated, globose, spire rather short, suture
slightly impressed, whorls rounded, ftuntly plicately
striated, aperture ovate, columella callously reflected
at the upper part ; livid grey, obscurely three-banded,
here and there rust-tinged, callously opake-white, in-
terior of aperture chestnut.
Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. v. p. 209.
Hab. Bay of Massachusetts, United States.
The opake-white callosity and chestnut interior of this
shell, contrast in a characteristic manner with its rust-
tinged livid blue exterior.
Species 110. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica flava. Nat. iestd imperforatd, globosd, tenui,
tumidiusculd, spird brevissimd, depressd, anfractibns
convexis, ultimo midtu niaximo, aperturd ovatd, sub-
ampld, columelld temie refiexd, suhcontorto ; pelluciJo-
albd, epidermide corned decidudflam indutd.
The yellow Natica. Shell imperforated, globose, thin,
rather swollen, spire very short, depressed, whorls
convex, the last much the largest, aperture ovate.
rather large, columella thinly reflected, slightly twisted ;
transparent white, covered with a yellow deciduous
horny epidermis.
Gould, Silliman's Journ. vol. xxxviii. p, 19('>. Invert, of
Massachusetts, p. 239. f. 162.
Hab. Massachusetts Bay, United States.
A light inflated globose transparent white shell, covered
with a yellow horny deciduous epidermis, the spire being
almost on a level with the upper margin of the aperture.
Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Sagraina. Nat. testd subobtecti umbilicatd, ob-
lique globosd, spird brevi, subobtusd, uufractibus su-
perue declivibus, delude convexis, lavibus, politis, aper-
turd lunari-ovatd, columelld callositate lata amptd
inidjUicum fere iegente ; alhidd, lineis griseo-pnrpu-
rasci'ulibus dense oblique undatd, callosilate fusces-
ceute.
The Sagua Natica. Shell with a nearly covered um-
bilicus, obliquely globose, spire short, rather obtuse,
whorls slanting round the upper part, then convex,
smooth, polished, aperture lunar-ovate, columella
with a large broad callosity nearly covering the um-
bilicus; whitish, densely obliquely waved with grey-
ish-purple lines, callosity brownish.
D'Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, pi. IS. f. 20 and 22.
Hab. Malaga.
A smooth porclain-like species, closely painted through-
out with obliquely waved greyish-purple lines ; the umbi-
licus being nearly covered by a broad button-like callosity.
Species 112. (ilus. Cuming.)
Natica Colliei. Nut. l,:sl.i xutiiiuiiilitrr iiuihilicnld, glo-
bosd, spird brevi, subr.r.^, rfd, luifnii-tihiin ruluiidaHs,
superne obsolete plicato-liruHs, aperturd lunari-ovatd,
columelld callositate solidd columnari umbilicum in-
trante ; albidd, macidis subquadratis, aurantio-spadi-
ceis, interdum conjlueutibus, seriatim pictd.
Collie's Natica. Shell rather largely umbilicated, glo-
bose, spire short, rather exserted, whorls rounded,
obsoletely plicately ridged round the upper part,
aperture lunar-ovate, columella with a solid columnar
callosity entering the umbilicus; whitish, painted
with rows of somewhat square orange-fawn spots
sometimes flowing together.
Eecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 207.
Hab. Swan River, Australia (on stones at low water);
Lieut. Collie.
Distinguished mainly by its large obliquely square
orange-fawn spots, sometimes flowing longitudinally to-
gether.
AMiim.Pl.ID'.
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NATICA.
Plate XXV.
Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.)
N.iTic.v CLADSA. Nat . testa ohtecte iimbiUcaf.d,mhfjJobom,
spird brevi, anfractibus rotuiulatis, lavigatis vel leciter
erosis, apertiird seniilnnari, labro simplici, columelld
temdculd, callositate parvd latd unibilicum implente ;
palllde sordidefuscescente.
The closed Natica. Shell with a closed umbilicus,
subglobose, spire short, whorls rounded, smooth or
slightly eroded, aperture semilunar, lip simple, colu-
mella rather thin, with a small broad callosity fUliiig
the umbilicus ; light dull brown.
Bkoderip and Sowerby, Zool. Joui'n. vol. iv. p. 360.
Natica consoluhta, Courthouy.
Natica borealis. Beck.
Natica inipenia, Philippi.
Hab. Bay of Massachusetts, United States (taken alive in
stomachs of iishes, plentifully) ; Gould.
A duU pale brownish solid globose species, having the
umbilicus closed by a small broad callosity, and the aper-
ture by a shelly operculum.
Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Gualteriana. Nat. testa subampliter mnbili-
catd, subyhbosd, temdculd, spird brevi, subacutd, an-
fractibus rotundatis, lavigatis, juxta siduram obsolete
plicato-striatis, ultimo subeffuso, aperturd lunari-
ovatd, columelld tetmicidd, callositate spirall colum-
nari mnbiUcmn intrante ; stmipellucido-albd, strujis
pallide aurantio-riifis quadrifasciatd.
Gualter's Natica. Shell rather largely umbilicated, sub-
globose, rather thin, spu-e short, rather shai-]!, whorls
rounded, smooth, obsoletely plicately striated next the
suture, last whorl rather effused, aperture lunar-ovate,
columella rather thin, with a spiral columnar callo-
sity entering the umbilicus ; semitransparent white,
encircled with four bands of light orange-red streaks.
Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. p. 396.
Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming.
A light subiniiated species, encircled with four bands
of faint orange-red close-set streaks.
Species 115. (ilus. Cuming.)
Natica textilis. Nat. testa anguste profundii umbiU-
catd, ffloboso-turbiiiatd, spird subexsertd, an/ractibiis
rotundatis, Icevibus, aperturd lunari-ovatd, labro tenui,
cohmielld parum callosd, ared nmhiUcali spiraliter ex-
cavatd ; fuscescente, textile irreyulari rufo-fnsco pictd.
The textile Natica. Shell narrowly and deeply um-
bilicated, globosely turbinated, spire slightly exserted,
whorls rounded, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, lip
thin, columella but little callous, umbilical area spi-
rally excavated; brownish, painted with an irregular
red-brown brocade.
IM. ?
A very characteristic species, painted with a red-brown
brocade, inteiTuptcd promiscuously with large open spots,
and having a smooth shelly operculum.
Species 110. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica semisulcata. Nat. testdprofmuU ampUter um-
biUcatd, ovatd, spird breviusculd, sutnrd canaliculatd
et minute lineari-stdcatd, avfractihns superne declivi-
coarctatis, glabris, politis, sidcis quinque ad sex line-
aribus eequidistantibus infra suturam ciiigulatis, aper-
turd lunari-ovatd, columelld partm callosd, snpernv
effusd; eburned.
The half-geooved Natica. Shell deeply largely um-
bilicated, ovate, spire rather short, sutm-e channelled
and minutely linearly grooved, whorls slantingly con-
tracted at the upper part, smooth, polished, encircled
beneath the suture with five to six equidistant linear
grooves, aperture lunar-ovate, columella but little
callous, effused at the upper part ; ivory-white.
Gray, Zool. Beechey's Voyage, p. 137.
Hab. Porto Rico.
A subopake ivory-white species, readily distinguished
by its channelled suture, and by the presence of five to six
equidistant linear grooves round the upper contracted por-
tion of the whorls.
Species 117. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica pusilla. Nat. testa vix umbiUcatd, suhjlobosd,
spird sube.vsertd, anfractibus rotundatis, aperturd lu-
nari-ovatd, columelld inferue cuUoso-reflexd, callositate
nmbilicum fere tegente ; sordide albd vel pallide oli-
vaced, plus minus erosd.
June, 1855.
NATICA.— Plate XXV.
The small Natica. Shell scarcely mnbilicated, sub-
globose, spire rather exserted, whorls rounded, aper-
ture lunar-ovate, columella callously reflected at the
lower part, callosity nearly spread over the umbilicus;
dull white or pale olive, more or less eroded.
Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhOadelphia, vol. ii. p. 257.
Hab. Bay of Massachusetts, United States (taken from
fishes) ; Gould.
This little species, though so closely allied in character
and habit to N. clmtm, ditfers in having a horny operculum.
The whorls are more slanting round the upper part, and
the umbilicus is only partially covered, the columeUar lip
being more callously reflected towards the base.
Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Caribb^a. Nat. testa anguste profundi utuhi-
licatd, ovatd, crasslitscnld, solidd, spird brevi, subob-
tusd, mifractibiis Itsvibus, decUvi-convexis, apertura,
lunari-ovatd, colmnelld callodtate lata demd superni
munitd, callodtate umbiUcum fere tegente ; sordide
livido-albicante, fascia opaco-albd jiixta mduram cin-
yulatd.
The Caribbean Natica. Shell nan-owly deeply um-
bilicated, ovate, rather thick, solid, spire short, rather
obtuse, whorls smooth, slantingly convex, aperture
lunar-ovate, columella with a broad dense callosity
at the upper part, callosity almost covering the um-
bilicus ; dull livid white, encircled with an opake-
whitc band next the suture.
Philippi, MS. in Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Caribbacan Sea.
A small solid white; shell, of a peculiar livid aspect,
opake next the suture ; the columella being densely callous
at the upper part.
yatica,TI.im.
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NATICA.
Plate XXVI.
Species 119. (Mus. Cuming.)
N.iTiCA BULBOSA. Nat. testa unymii icmbiUcatd, ijlo-
bosu, tenia, mihhijlatd, sjiird panm, s/if/ird minute im-
pressd, unfractihim rotumlntis, /avib/is, epidermide vi-
rescente-cbiered corned indutd, aperturd ovatd, colu-
mella teniie calloso-refkxd, verms apiceni plus Minus
erosd.
TuE BULBOUS Natica. Shell narrowly umbilicated,
globose, thin, slightly inflated, spire small, suture
minutely impressed, whorls rounded, smooth, covered
with greenish-ash horny epidermis, aperture ovate,
columella thinly callously reflected, more or less
eroded towards the apex.
//„/;. -i
This has all the appearance of an Arctic species, thinner
in substance and rounder than N. Grmtlaiidica, with a
shorter spire.
Species 120. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica borealis. Nat. testa angiiste mnlnlicatd, rjloljosd,
spird brevl, sulurd minute impressd, anfractibus rotun-
datis, leevibus, aperturd ovatd, columella undiqite sub-
calloso-reflexd ; calcareo-albd, epidermide corned flari-
cttute indutd, versus apicem leviter erosd.
The northern Natica. Shell naiTowly umbilicated,
globose, spire short, suture' minutely impressed,
whorls rounded, smooth, aperture ovate, columella
somewhat caUously reflected throughout ; chalk-
white, covered with a yellowish-horny epidermis, a
little eroded towards the apex.
SowERBY, Zool. Beechey's Voyage, pi. 37. f. 3.
Hab. North Seas.
Allied to N. Grmilandica, but distinguished from that
species by the spire being less exserted.
Species 121. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica genuanus. Nat. testd imperforatd, subr/lobosd,
spird breuiusculd, anfractibus convexis, Icevibus, aper-
turd semilunari, columelld eallositate maximd reflexd ;
lutescente-albd, fasci'is tribus angustis distautibus riifo-
fusco vittatis cingulatd, iuterstitiis punctis rufo-fuscis
aspersis, serie Jlammarum juxta suturam.
The gartered Natica. Shell imperforated, subglobosc,
spire rather short, whorls convex, smooth, aperture
semilunar, columella with a very large reflected cal-
losity ; yellowish-white, encircled with three distant,
narrow, red - brown filleted bands, the interstices
filled with red-brown dots, with a row of flames next
the suture.
Hab. South Africa.
A very characteristic solid species, in which the seat of
the umbUicus is entirely covered with callous matter, and
the painting is pecuhar. Eound the upper part of the
whorls is a row of red-brown flames as in N. coUaris, the
remainder of the shell being painted with close-set dots of
the same colom-, inteiTupted at rather distant intervals
with three filleted bands.
Species 123. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica cora. Nat. testd anguste profmide umbilicatd,
oblongo-ovatd, crassd, solidd, spird breviusculd, co-
noided, anfractibus plano-declivibus, lavibus, aperturd
semilumri, parviusculd, columelld superne eallositate
deusd lata mumfd; eburned, epidermide tem/i coned
indutd, ferrugineo-rnfo interdum partim tinctd.
The girl Natica. Shell narrowly deeply umbilicated,
oblong-ovate, thick, solid, spii-e rather short, conoid,
whorls flatly slanting, smooth, aperture semilunm-,
rather small, columella with a thick broad callosity
at the upper part ; ivory-white, covered with a thin
horny epidermis, sometimes partially tinged with
rust-red.
D'Orbigny, Voyage dans I'Amer. merid. pi. 78. f. Id
and 11.
Hab. ?
A solid ivory-white shell, of a peculiarly oblong-conoidal
form, slightly concavely flattened round the middle, co-
vered with a thin horny epidermis.
Species 123. (ilus. Cuming.)
Natica Foetunei. Nat. testd anguste umbilicatd, co-
noideo-globosd, tenuiculd, .sjnrd exsertd, anfractibus
couccvis, decussatim minutissime striata, aperturd
ovatd, columelld tenui, subreflexd; limdo-eeeruled,
carneo-fuscescente tinctd.
Fortune's Natica. Shell narrowly umbilicated, co-
noidly globose, rather thin, spire exserted, whoi-ls
convex, decussately very minutely striated, aperture
ovate, columella thin, slightly reflected; livid-blue,
tinged with flesh-brown.
Hab. Shanghi, China; Fortune.
Of a light texture and livid blue colour, tinged with
flesh-brown, collected at Shanghi by ik. Fortune.
c
Xa/ini.n.XWH.
^^.
Vmcent Bioolss Imp
NATICA.
Species 124. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Natica glabella. Nat. testa angnste -prof audi umbili-
catd, subfmiformi-oblongd, solid iuscidu, spird brevius-
culd, exsertd, anfractibus decUvi-co/wexls, lavigalu,
politd, aperturd semilunari, parvd, colimelld sujtenie
callositate lata, reflexd; pelhtcido-albd, cameo tiiictd,
callositale earned.
The smooth Natica. Shell narrowly deeply umbili-
cated, subfusiformly oblong, rather solid, spire rather
short, cxserted, whorls slantingly convex, smooth,
polished, aperture semilunar, small, columella with a
broad reflected callosity at the upper part ; trans-
parent white, flesh-tinged, callosity flesh-coloured.
Hab. ?
An elegantly convoluted transpareut white polished
shell, of rather solid structure, tinged with a violet flesh-
colour, which is bright on the callosity.
Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Montagui. Nat. testa prof nnde umbiUcutu, <jlo-
hosd, spird mediocri, anfractibus rotundatis, leevigniis,
aperturd Imiari-ovatu, colioiielld siiperne leviter cal-
losd, callositate coliimiiari fere obsoletd umbHiciiiu in-
tra ntf ; rufeseeute-albd.
Montagu's Natica. Shell deeply umbilicatcd, globose,
spire middling, whorls rounded, smooth, aperture
lunar-ovate, columella a little thickened at the upper
part, with a nearly obsolete columnar callosity en-
tering the umbilicus ; rufous-white.
FoKBES, Malacologia Monensis, p. 3:2.
Nerita rnfa, Montagu (not of Born).
Natica rutilu, ilncgillivray.
Hab. Britain.
A rufous-white species, inhabiting the British seas
throughout, but chiefly in the north.
Species 126. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Natica proxima. Nat. testd nmbilicatd, globosd, spird
brevi, anfractibus rotundatis, IfP.vibus, nitidis, aperturd
lunari-ocatd, colmuelld subincrassatd, callositate co-
lumnari untbilicum intrnnfe ; alhidd, jmnctis lU/nutis
rufescente-fuscis indutd, fasciis tribus vit/ntis inter-
ruptd.
The allied Natica. Shell umbilicatcd, globose, spire
short, whorls rounded, smooth, shining, aperture
lunar-ovate, columella rather thickened, with a co-
lumnar callosity entering the umbilicus ; whitish,
covered with minute red-brown dots, interrupted
with three filleted bands.
C. B. Adams, Contributions to Conehology, p. 111.
llab. Jamaica.
This belongs to the same type of form and colouring as
N. canrena, the filleted bands varying in width and dis-
tinctness in different species.
Fig. 137. (ilus. Cuming.)
This specimen, named in Mr. Cuming's collection by
]M. Eecluz A*. Francisca, a]3pears to be a variety of the
British A", nitida.
Species 12S. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Buriasexsis. Nat. testa profundi umbiliculd,
subf/lobosd, solidiiisculd, spird parvd, subexsertd, an-
fractibus siiperue decUvibus, inferne convexls, Icevibus,
polilis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, parviusculd, columulld
superne callositate late reflexd; ccErulescente-albd,
liueis nifis undatis lomjitudinaliter pictd, callo.<sitate
intense rufd.
The Burias Natica. Shell deeply umbilicnted, sub-
globose, rather solid, spire small, a little exserted,
whorls slanting round the upper part, convex at the
lower, smooth, polished, aperture lunar-ovate, rather
small, columella with a broadly reflected callosity at
the upper part ; bluish-white, painted longitudinally
with fine waved red lines, callosity deep red.
Eecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1S43, p. 212.
Hub. Island of Burias, Philippines ; Cuming.
A solid porcelain-like species, neatly painted throughout
with longitudinally waved red lines, the callosity lieing of
a deep red colour.
June, ISc
I»
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m
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rl-y del AIiUl
(K..1--M ..n.-i .1,.,,;)
Viuceta Broot. Imp-
NATICA,
Plate XXVIII.
Species 129. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica forata. Nat. testa excavate iierq)ectki mnbili-
catd, depresso-glohosd, spird subohtusd, anfnictihas
juxta siituras suhdepressis, deitide 9'otundatu, uU'mo
antice descendente, aperturd semihmari, columelld
te>/ui, siiperne callosd ; alhidd, pimctis et mactdin aii-
rantih eximie pictd.
The bored Natica. Shell excavately perspectively
umbilicated, depressly globose, spire rather obtuse,
whorls a little depressed next the suture, then round-
ed, last whorl descending iu front, apertm-e semilunar,
columella thin, callous at the upper part ; whitish,
prettily painted with orange dots and blotches.
Hab. Buifalo, Cape of Good Hope.
A prettily painted species, distinguishetl by a large pe-
culiarly excavated perspective umbUicus.
Species 130. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica fibula. Nat. testa ohtecte umbilicatd, orbicidarl-
depiresm, subtus excavatd, spird minutd, arifractibiis
ad sutiiras marginatis, plano-convexis, aperturd ob-
lique lunari, columelld brevissimd, callositate per-
ampld solidd rotmidd umbiVwum implenle ; fuhcs-
cente-albd.
The button Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus,
orbicularly depressed, excavated beneath, spu-e very
small, whorls margined at the suture, flatly convex,
apertm-e obliquely lunar, columella very short, with
a large round soUd callosity tilling the umbilicus ;
fulvous-white.
Hab. ?
A small obliquely depressed fulvous-white shell, with a
large round button-like callosity in the place of the um-
bilicus.
Species 131. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Jamaicensis. Nat. testd obtecte vmbiUcatd, ob-
lique globosd, subdejiressd, spird parvd, anfraciibus
juxta suturas plicato-sfriatis, eonvexis, aperturd ht-
nari-ovatd, subeffusd, columelld tenui, rejlexd, callosi-
tate lata rotunda umbilicum implente ; Uvido-griseu,
7iitenie, juxta suturas albd, i?iferne fascia fulcd lata
interruptd cingulatd, callositate intense purpureo-cas-
taned.
Toe Jamaica Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus,
obliquely globose, sbghtly depressed, spire small,
whorls plioately striated next the suture, convex,
aperture lunar -ovate, a little effused, columella
thinly reflected, with a broad round callosity filling
the umbilicus; livid grey, shining, white next the
suture, encircled at the lower part with a broad in-
terrupted fulvous band, callosity deep purple-chest-
nut.
C. B. Adams, Contributions to Conchology, p. 111.
Ilab. Jamaica.
Of a delicate livid grey, encircled with a broad inter-
rupted pale flamed band round the lower part, and with
white next the suture ; the callosity and columellar enamel
being bright purple-chestnut.
Species 133. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica pavimentum. Nat. testd obtecte umbilicatd, glo-
bosd, solidiusculd, spird parvd, obtusd, siiturd lineari-
impressd, anfraciibus obtuse rotimdatis, aperturd semi-
lunari, parviusculd, columelld callosd, callositate ro-
tundd, mnbilicum implente; albd, nitente, macidis
aurantio-fuscis distantibus tessellafd.
The pavement Natica. Shell mth a covered umbi-
licus, globose, rather solid, spire small, obtuse, suture
linearly impressed, whorls obtusely rounded, aperture
semilunar, rather small, columella callous, with a
rounded callosity filling the umbilicus ; white, shi-
ning, tessellated with distant orange-brown square
spots.
Eecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1813, p. 208.
Eadem var. Natica Cailliaudi, Recluz.
Eab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.
A rounded largely irregularly tessellated shell, shining
like porcelain.
Species 133. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica macilenta. Nat. testd excavate profundi umbi-
licatd, globoso-ovatd, spird parvd, obtuse exsertd, an-
fraciibus snperne declivibm, delude eonvexis, lavibus,
upi'iiurd liiiinri-ornld, vuIiimMd calloso-reflexd ; ful-
vesci'iilf-tilljii. iiili'iilr. rnnuri-fHscescente obscure tinctd
et riltalii, I'licaioitd i'u/ii,,/i'//ari castaned.
The lean Natica. Shell excavately deeply urabilicated,
June, 1855.
NATICA.— Plate XXVIII.
globosely ovate, spire small, obtusely exserted, whorls
slanting in the upper part, then convex, smooth,
aperture lunar-ovate, columella callously reflected;
fulvous-white, shining, obscurely stained and filleted
tlesh-brown, columellar enamel chestnut.
Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch, vol. ii. pi. 24. f. 14.
Hub. ?
The painting of this little species, which is of rather
light structure, is very obscurely distributed.
Species 134. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica locellus. Nat. testa minute zimbilicata.
(jloljom, spird exsertd, apice acuta, anfractibus rotwn-
datis, IcBviAus, aperturd Imiari-ovatd, colmnelld tenue
callosd ; Iwido-canied, fidvo-aurantio obscure tinctd
et vittatd.
The little purse Natica. Shell minutely umbihcated,
subglobose, spire exserted, sharp at the apex, whorls
rouuded, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, columella
thinly callous ; Uvid flesh-tinged, fulvous-brown, ob-
scurely fiDeted and stained.
Eab. ?
More globose than the preceding species, with the spire
more turbinately raised. The filleted colouring is veiy in-
distinct, and the ground-colour of a particular livid hue.
yaiiai. //. ir/j.
^t^
■€
#
0
N A T I C A.
Plate XXIX.
[Figures considerably ni:i5iiilie,l.
Species 135. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica pisifokmis. Nat. testa oiigiiste profinidi iim-
bUicatd, ylobosd, solidiuscidd, sjnrd miiintd, aiifrac-
tibus siiperttH obtuse produclis, di'bide plaiio-coiiDi'xis,
aperturd obloiitjo-OKatd, riitiiiin'Hd siipi'niP auhciillosd ;
sordid^ albd.
The pea-shaped Natica. Shell narrowly deeply umbili-
catecl, globose, rather solid, spire very small, whorls
obtusely produced round the upper part, then slightly
convex, aperture oblong-ovate, columella slightly cal-
lous at the upper part ; dull white.
Uecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 213.
Huh. Valparaiso ; Cuming.
.V small pea-like shell, obtusely gibbous round the upper
])art, with the umbilicus rather deeply excavated.
Species 13G. (JIus. Cuming.)
Natica asellus. Nat. testa obtecte nmbilirntd, Mique
globosd, subtus depressd, spird brevissimd, anfractibus
coiwexis, kevigatis, nUetitibus, prope snturum obscure
plicato-striatis, aperturd semilunari-ovatd, cotumelld
callositate latd umbiUcum tegente ; albd, fasciis dun-
bus latiusadis caruJeo-uigricautibus cingnlatd, punc-
torum serie minutd in iuterstitio.
The little ass Natica. Shell with a covered umbili-
cus, obliquely globose, depressed beneath, spire very
sliort, whorls convex, smooth, shining, faintly pli-
cately striated next the suture, aperture semilunar-
ovate, columella with a broad callosity covering the
umbilicus ; white, encircled with two rather broad
blue-blaek bands, with a minute series of dots in the
interstices.
llnb. Australia.
An interesting small species, in which the painting is
iiut much unlike that of the Ci/prupa asettiis.
Species 137. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica Traillii. Nat. ti-std MdjuM/i/if,;- i,„ihllicatd, co-
iioideo-globosd, solidiuscn/ii, xpini purcd, anfractibus
supernv declioibus, snbtiis jiendhintrr jdano-excaratis,
aperturd omtd, columelld cal/u-sitate lata mtdiiliviun
fere tegente ; aU/idd, lineis rufo-fuscis undatis irregii-
taribus undique longiindinaliter pictd, callositate ruf'o-
fused.
Tuaill's Natica. Shell largely umbilicated, eonoidly
globose, rather solid, spire small, whorls slanting
round the upper part, peculiarly flatly excavated be-
neath, aperture ovate, columella with a broad callo-
sity nearly covering the umbilicus ; whitish, painted
longitudinally throughout with waved irregular red-
brown lines, callosity red-brown.
Hah. Malacca.
A characteristic solid species, curiously excavated and
obtusely angled at the base, painted throughout with irre-
gularly waved red-brown lines.
Species 13S. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica venustula. Nat. te.'iid obtecte umbiUcaid, semi-
globo.sd, ■'ipird obtuse conoided, anfractibus convexis,
1 Irpribus, nitentihus, aperturd lunari-ovatd, columelld
! late callosd, mnbilicuw inipleute ; albd, juxta suturam
vpacd, delude lineis rufo-fuscis acute undali.i pictd.
The phettily-marked Natica. Shell with a covered
umbilicus, semiglobose, spire obtusely conoid, whorls
convex, smooth, shining, aperture lunar-ovate, colu-
I mella broadly callous, tilling the umbilicus; white,
j opake next the suture, then marked with zigzag red-
[ brown lines.
Philippi, Zeitschrift fiir ;\Ialac. ISol.
Hab. ?
The chief peculiarity of this little species consists in its
opake-vvhite zone round the upper portion of the whorls,
from which the light red-brown zigzag lines suddenly de-
pend.
Species 130. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica suffusa. Nat. testd oblongo-ovatd, soUdd, spird
obtuse conoided, aufractibus decUvi-convexm, lavibus,
aperturd seii/il/o/ari-oratd, hasi productd, colnmelld
callositate latd uhdnliru,.! l,yeute ; pellucido-albd, hie
illic opacd, cersus nj/irei/i ciolaceo-tinctd, callositate
violaced.
June, 1855.
NATICA.— Plate XXIX.
The sl'ffused Natica. Shell oblong-ovate, solid, spire
obtusely conoid, whoiis slantingly convex, smooth,
aperture semilunar-ovate, produced at the base, colu-
mella with a broad callosity covering tlie umbilicus ;
transparent white, here and there opake, tinged with
violet towards the apex, callosity violet.
Huh. New Ireland.
An obtusely conoid species, of solid growth, though
subtransparent in character, delicately tinged with violet,
the colour being most conspicuous on the callosity.
Species 140. (Mus. Cuming.)
Xatica nucula. 'Nat. leda obiecte tiubUkatd, subqua-
drato-globosd, solidd, spird minuid, aiifractibus su-
pei-ne obtuse rotundatis, deinde subplanatis, aperturd
^cmilunari-ovatd, colitmeUd callositate laid rotmulatd
iiiMUcum tegente; sordide lutescente-albd, apice U-
v'ldd.
The little nut Natica. Shell with a covered umbi-
licus, somewhat squarely globose, solid, spire very
small, whorls obtusely rounded at the upper part,
then rather flattened, aperture semilunar-ovate, colu-
mella with a broad button-like callosity rovcring the
umbilicus; dull yellowish-white, livid at the apex.
liab. New Ireland.
This little solid species, from the same locality as the
preceding, is peculiarly squarely compressed round the
periphery, and has a characteristic small livid spire.
Species 141. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica immaculata. Nat. testd angudissime profundi
umbilicatd, ovato-globosd, solidiusculd, spird minuid,
subexsertd, anfractibus plano-convexis, aperturd ob-
longo-ovatu, cohimeUd s/tperue subcallo-sd ; sordide
alba.
The spotless Natica. Shell very narrowly deeply um-
bilicated, ovately globose, rather solid, spire minute,
a little exserted, whorls flatly convex, aperture ob-
long-ovate, columella rather callous at the upper
part ; dull white.
Totten, Silliman's Journal, vol. xxviii. p. 351. f. G.
Hab. Bay of Massachusetts, United States (found plenti-
fully in the stomachs of fishes) ; Gould.
Very closely allied to the little N. pisiformis from Val-
paraiso, but the spire is rather more exserted, and the
nmbilieus more contracted.
^\aml.H.XXl.
%
T/inr.j.l biwfc imp
NATICA.
Plate XXX.
Speries U2. (Fig-. U2, 144, 145, and 14G,
Mus. Cumiug.)
Natic.^ Helicoides. Nat. testa vix rimuto-umh'diciitd,
ovatd, Ampullariaformi, spird exsertd, siiturd cov-
splcue canaliculatd, anfractiius convexis, basin versus
xuhnttenuatim productis, aperturd ovatd, Itasi effiisd,
rrtliimeUd teuuite!' marginatd ; calcareo-nlhd , npider-
atidf Iciiiii cormd decidud indtdd.
The Helix-like Natica. Shell slightly edge-umbili-
cated, ovate, AmpuUaria-like, spire exserted, suture
conspicuously channelled, whorls convex, somewhat
attenuately produced towards the l)ase, aperture
ovate, effused at the base, columella thinly edged ;
challc-white, covered with a thin yellowish horny
deciduous epidermis.
.loHNSTON, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Berwick-on-Tweed,
for 1835.
Natka canalicidata, Gould.
Natica Islandica ? Gmelin.
Hnh. North Seas.
The accompanying figures, 142, 144, 145, and 146, se-
lected to represent N. Helicoides, caualiculata, and Is-
Inndicn, as so many distinct species, are without doubt
one and the same. It has much the appearance of an
Ampiillaria or Paludina, but may be readily distinguished
by its more calcareous marine aspect and deciduous epi-
dermis.
Species 143. (Mus. Cuming.)
Natica cornea. Nat. testa mimite rimato-uyiljiliratd,
ovatd, teiini, subinjlatd, spird exsertd, suturd canalicu-
latd, anfractibus convexis, ad basin rotundato-produc-
tis, aperturd ovatd, columelld tenniter marginatd;
calcareo-nlM, epidermide corned fused decidud indutd.
The horny Natica. Shell minutely edge-umbilicated,
ovate, thin, rather inflated, spire exserted, suture
channelled, whorls convex, rotundately produced at
the base, aperture ovate, columella thinly edged ;
chalk-white, covered with a brown homy deciduous
epidermis.
MoLLER, Ind. Moll. Groenlandiae, p. 7-
Hah. Greenland.
Loven quotes this as a synonyme of the preceding spe-
cies, but it is of a more broadly inflated form, and charac-
terized by a darker epidermis.
NATICA.
Adaiisoni, Reere
XIX.
83
ebuniea, Desliayes
. . . XVI.
69
Adansoni, Philippi
XIV.
V.
61
18
effusa, Su-ait/soii
IV.
15
adsperm, Jleiike
elegans, Uecluz
Eleiice, Reclu:
XV.
67
affinis, Busch
XX.
tiu
... XXI.
94
albula, Reclu:
VI.
23
euzoim, llecluz
. . . XV.
67
albumen, Lamarck
VIII.
31
Panel, llecluz
. . . XIX.
83
ala-papilionis {Neriia), Clieran.
XIV.
60
fibula, Reeve
. . . XXVIII.
130
Alderl, Forbes
XXIII.
XIV.
106
61
filosa, Sotrerliy
XVII.
-q
arachnoidea, Lamarck
flava, Gould
, , , XXIV.
110
asellus, Rene
XXIX.
130
Flcmingiana, Reclu: ....
.. XV in.
80
nrticulata, Pliilippi
XIV.
00
florida, Rm-e
. . XV.
04
aiirantia, Lamarck
VI.
20
flucluata, Sowerhy
forata, Reeve
III.
10
Bacoiii, Reeve
X.
37
. . . XXVIII.
129
bifasciata, G^ray
X.
40
Forskalii {Neriia), Chemnit
. . XIV.
59
bifasciata, Eecluz
XIV.
61
Fortunei, Reere
. . . XXVI.
123
iorealis, Beck
XXV.
113
Pranrisca, Recluz
... XXVII.
127
borealis, Sowerby . .
XXVI.
120
fulgurans, Reclu:
. . . XXII.
100
Boiirguignati, Rechiz
XIV.
61
fulminea {Nerita), Gmelin .
XIV.
61
Broderipiana, Reclu:
XV.
66
Gallapagosa, Reclu:
. . . XIX.
86
bulbosa, Reeve
XXVI.
119
Gambiae, Reclu:
. . . XXIII.
105
Buriasensis, Reclaz
XXVII.
128
genuanus, Reeve
... XXVI.
121
Cailliaudi, Kechiz
xxvin.
132
glabella, Reeve
XXVII.
124
Campeachiensis, Rn-lit:
eanalicidata, Gould
I.
1
glauca, Humholdt
... II.
XXX.
U2
glaucina, Lamarck
. . . III.
8
cancellata, Lamarck
XXI.
95
globosa, Chemnit:
... XL
40
candidissima, llecluz
XIX.
S-t
Groenlandica, Beck
. . . XXI.
90
candidissima, Le GiiUlon ....
VIII.
28
Gualteriana, Petit
. . . XXV.
114
canrena, Lhinaus
IV.
14
Guillemiui, Payi'auJeau . .
. . . XXIII.
100
Caribba3a, Pliilippi
XXV.
118
ffaneti, Kechiz
. . XXI.
94
cadanea, Lamarck
XII.
50
Helicoides, Johnston .....
. . . XXX.
142
catenata, Philippi
XXI.
92
helvacea, Lamarck
... XL
40
Chemnitzii, Reclic
II.
7
beros, Say
. . I.
0
Chemidhii, Menke
XIII.
52
iantbostoma, Deshayes ....
. . XVIII.
79
Cbinensis, Lamarck
XIX.
82
Lslandica ? Gmelin
. . . XXX.
142
clausa, Brod. and Son:
XXV.
113
immaculata, Totten
XXIX.
141
coUaria, Lamarck
XX.
87
imperforata, Sowerby
. . . XVIII.
77
Colliei, Reclu:
XXIV.
112
iiiipervin, Philippi
. . . XXV.
113
columnaris, Reclu:
V.
19
Incii, Philippi
intemeratn, Philippi
. . . XX.
89
conica, Lamarck
XII.
48
. . . IX.
33
consolidata, Courthouy
XXV.
113
iuteniiediii, Piccluz
. . . VI.
21
cornea, Mitller
XXX
143
intricata {Kerita), Donovan
XXII.
97
cora, D'Orhiyinj
XXVI.
122
Jamaicensis, C. B. Adams . .
... XXVIII.
131
crenatn, Reoluz
XIV.
00
Jukesii, R^-eve
. . . XIX.
84
cruentata, Lamarck
XIV.
01
Lamarckiana, Reclu:
... n.
C,
Cumingiana, Reclu:
IV.
13
leucophffia, Reeve
liueata, lAimarck
XII.
51
deiodosa. Reeve
IX.
35
. . . VII.
24
dense maculata, Chemnitz ....
V.
18
locellus, Reeve
... XXVIII.
134
Draparnaudi, Reclti:
XI.
44
macilenta, Philippi
. . . X.WIII.
133
dubia, Reclu:
X.
41
maculata, Dexhayes
. . V.
IS
duplicata, Say
II.
4
maculosa, Lamarck
XIII.
57
NATICA.-INDEX.
Maheense, Reclus XIV.
mamilla, Lamarck VII.
mamillaris, Lamarck VIII.
Marochiensis, Lamarck XIII.
Maura, Bruguiire VII.
melanostoma, Lamarck VIII.
melanostomoides, Qiioi/ XXII.
melastoma, Swaiiison XVIII.
millepunctata, Lamarck VII.
moiiilifera, Lamarck XII.
Montagui, Forbes XXVII.
nitida (Nerita), Donovan .... XXIII.
nucula, Rene XXIX.
opaca, Recluz VIII.
orientalis {Nerita), Gmelin .... XVI.
pallium, Eecluz . IV.
Panamaensis, Rcclaz III.
patula, Sowerby II.
pavimentum, Recluz XXVIII.
pellis-tigrina, Chemnitz XIII.
perspicua, Recluz IV.
Petiveriana, Recluz V.
Philippiana, Recluz XL
phytelepbas, Reeve XI.
picta, Recluz XV.
pisiformis, Recluz XXIX.
plicatula, iV«<to« XXIII.
plumbea, ZawM^'c/,- l.\.
porcellanea, LfOrhujny XXIII.
Powisiana, Reclaz VI.
Priamus, Recluz IX.
problematica, Reeve VI.
proxima, C. £. Adavis XXVII.
pulicaris, Pldlippi XV.
punctata, Swainsou XIV.
pusilla, Say XXV.
pyramis, Reere X.XI.
pyriformis, Recluz V.
rapulum, Reeve XII.
ravida, Souleijet XVI.
Raynaudiana, Recluz XIII.
Ilecluziana, Leshayes I.
rhodosioiua, Pliilippi XV.
58
rufa {Nerita), Born
. XVI.
70
27
rufilabris, Reeve
. XXIII.
1U3
29
rutila, Macgillivray
. XXVII.
125
,52
Sagraina, D'Orbiyny
. XXIV.
111
25
sanguinolenta, Deshayes ....
. XVIII.
7^
30
Sebfe Souleyet ■ .
. XVII.
74
101
semisulcata, Gray
. XXV.
116
78
Senet/alenais, Recluz
. XIV.
61
26
Simise {Ruma), Chemnitz . . .
. XVII.
76
. XVII.
7*i
125
septentrionalis, Beck
. XL
43
106
solida, Blaiuville
. XVI.
71
140
sordida, Swainson
l.\.
34
30
spadicea, Gmelin
HI.
;i
69
squalida, Macgillivray
. XII.
511
13
stercus-muscarum, Enc. IMeth.
. VII.
26
11
XVIII
Si
5
XVI.
69
132
Succinioides, Reeve
. . XVII.
73
55
suffusa, Reeve
. XXIX.
139
12
sulcata {Nerita), Born
. XXI.
115
17
taniata, Menke
. XIV.
60
. . XV.
. XXV.
66i
42
textilis, Reeve
115
67
Traillii, Reeve
. XXIX.
137
135
triseriata, Say
. XXIV.
ln:i
107
uber, Valenciennes .......
. . XIII.
r,4
34
umbilicata, Quoy
. XXIV.
los
102
unifasciata, Lamarck .
. XII.
V.)
22
unimaculata, Reeve
. XIX.
>5
36
Falenciennesii, Pavraudeau .
. XXII.
97
21
variabilis, Recluz
. XXIII.
104
126
variolaria, Recluz
. XIII.
.-J 5
03
Vavaosi, Le Guillou
XXII.
1)9
01
vennstula, PliUijtjii
XXIX.
13S
117
vestalis, PhUippi
X.
38
93
violacea, Sowerhy , . .
XV.
65
16
vitellus, Lamarck
. X.
39
47
Zanzibarica, Recluz
XVII.
75
6S
zebra, LAimarck
. . XIII.
53
56
Zelandica, Q^uoy
.. XX.
90
3
zunaria, Lamarck
. . XIV.
60
65
Sp. 33 I'd ^
Sp 3s r,.i
Sp. 60. Ad 1
Sp 61. Ail,l
Sp. 63 For \
Sp lis .V C :
ERR VfA
' t.ttemeiata, Philippi, Pio Zool. Soc. 1S51.
ul iV lestalii, Pliilippi, Pio. Zool. Soc. \^:A.
I'hihppi, and S. tieumla, Menke.
I'hilippi.
\ /ju/tcaris, Philippi. Kubter, Conch. Cab. AVi
-tLience Pro Zool Sue. ISol.
W. pi. 13
MONOGRAIM
OF THE GENUS
NAVICELLA
"Thcmnii
Whom Nature's works can charm, with Goil him'^i'll'
Molds converse,"— raorwCo??.
XavUrlh,,ri.I.
<
C)
C''
pTotis Imp.
NAVICELLA.
Genus NAVICELLA, Lamarck.
Ti'sia oblomjo-ovata, ckpressa, Patellcpformis, interdum coii-
centrice striata, sapius lavigata, olivaceo-lutea vel vi-
rescens, nigra plerumque reticulata, spird nulla, vertice
ad marginem suboblique reflexo, interdum roslraio, labro
simplici, area columellari tettui,pland, septiformi, aper-
turd perampld, impressionibus musculariius duabus
distinctis. Operculum testaceum, mbquadratum, pla-
num, dente laterali aeuto.
Shell oblong-ovate, depressed. Patella-shaped, sometimes
concentrically striated, more frequently smooth, olive-
yellow or greenish, generally reticulated with black,
no spire, vertex rather obliquely inflected, sometimes
beaked, lip simple, columellar area thin, flat, septum-
like, aperture very largo, muscular impressions two,
distinct. Operculum testaceous, nearly square, flat,
with a sharp toolh at the side.
The Nnvicella are a group of the very characteristic
family of fresh-water Nerites, in wliich the shell assumes
a more open Limpet-like form. The spire, which in Ne-
rlta and Neritina is convoluted in a very simple manner,
and is, in some species, so concealed as scarcely to show
any convolution, is here transformed into the simple nu-
cleus of a spire with the vertex inflected, as in some of
the Limpets, into a beak. The callous expansion of the
columella, typical of this family, which is often so broadly
and thinly developed in Neritina, is in Navicella modified
into a positive septum or shelf, forming, so to speak, the
poop of the little boat.
There is not much variation either of form or painting
in the Navicelhs. They are mostly of an olive-yellow or
gi-eenish colour, reticulated or blotched with black, but a
few are semitransparent and tinged with rose. Only five
species were known to Lamarck. The exploration of the
rivers, during the last few years, in the islands of the
Eastern and South-Eastern Seas have brought many
more species to light, and the number is increased to
upwards of thirty. The Navicella: are not found in Europe
nor in any part of the Western Hemisphere. Their chief
habitats are the Philippine and Australian Islands, the
New Hebrides, New Ireland, and New Caledonia.
dibus reticulata, interdum nigra concent rice maculntd ;
intus carulescente, area columellari auratitio-tinctd.
Janelle's Navicell.4.. Shell oblong-ovate, convexly
depressed, olive-yellow, reticulated with obliqut-
blaekish-green lines, sometimes concentrically blotch-
ed with black ; interior bluish, columellar area tinged
with orange.
Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 376.
Ilab. Guam (in the river Umata) ; Janelle. Philippine
Islands (in mountain streams) ; Cuming.
A fine large oval species, reticulated or blotched with
blackish-green upon an olive-yellow ground.
Species 2. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella bimaculata. Nav. testd subquadrato-ovuin,
convexo-depressd, lutescente, lineis nigris oblique m/i-
culato-reticulatd ; intus carulescente, ared columellari
angustd, aurantio-rufo marginatd, maculis duabus ni-
gris notatu.
The ttvo-spotted Navicella. Shell somewhat squarely
ovate, convexly depressed, yellowish, obliquely blotch-
reticulated with Iilack lines ; interior bluish, colu-
mellar area narrow, edged with orange-red, marked
with two black blotches.
Hab. Mauritius.
Characterized by two black blotches ou the columellar
area, which is rather narrov/ and tipped with orange-red.
and, externally, by a rather blotchy kind of network.
Species 1. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella Janelli. Nav. testd oblongo-ovutd, convex
depressd, olwaceo-luted, lineis obliquis nigricaiite-vi)
Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella depeessa. Nav. testd obovatd, depressd, sub-
tus subexpansd, olivaceo-luted, nigra maculato-reticu-
latd; intus crerulescente, ared columellari parviusculd,
aurantio-rufo tinctd.
The depressed Navicella. Shell oblong-ovate, de-
pressed, rather expanded beneath, olive-yellow, blotch-
reticulated with black; interior bluish, cohimcllar
area rather small, tinged with orange-red.
Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, Zool. p. oCS.
Eadem var. Navicella zebra, Lesson.
Hab. Tahiti.
Distinguished by a dcpressly expanded form, which n>
duces the columellar area to a crescent sbn])e.
NAVIC ELLA.— Plate L
4. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
N.wiCELLA Preycineti. Nav. testa ovatd, ijibhom, api-
cem versus subrostrata, co?tcen,trice nitide striata, sor-
dide olivacen, lineis fiiscis concentrice dense undulatd ;
intus cceridescente, area columellari latiusculd, medio
peculiariter liiujidata, versus immjinem aurantio-rufo
tinctd.
Frkvcinet's Navicella. Shell ovate, gibbous, some-
u'liat beaked towai-fls the apex, concentrically neatly
striated, dull olive, densely concentrically waved with
browu lines ; interior bluish, columellar area rather
broad, peculiarly tongued in the midde, tinged to-
wards the margin with orange-red.
Eecluz, Kevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 37-5.
Hab. New Hebrides.
Well distinguished by its gibbous slightly beakeil form,
and peculiar tongue-like process of the columellar area.
-^-^^^
■-t-^^i
\nvirclla.J>/.II.
NAVICELLA.
Species 5. (Fig-, a, b, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella iii;;;ii I la Ms. Nav. testa snborMcidari,veH-
tricosd,! 'rticeo-nigro promisciie reticulata
vel Marr'.'i ■', ■,, i-iilescetite, area columellari sub-
angmtd, miicavd.
The slightly okbicclak Navicella. Shell suborbi-
cular, veiitricose, fulvous, promiscuously reticulated
or blotched with olive-black, interior bluish, columel-
lar area rather narrow, concave.
SowERBY, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. 10. n. 1093.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Chiefly distinguished by its light gibiious form and
loosely reticulated painting.
Species G. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Navicella porcellana. Nav. testa subtrigono-ovatii,
solidimndd, olivaceo-nigro dense I'eticulatd, intus c<e-
rulescente, margine subexpmiso, areii columellari de-
cUvi, ad latera nigra niaculatd.
The porcelain Navicella. Shell somewhat triangu-
larly ovate, rather solid, closely reticulated with olive-
black, interior blue, margin rather expanded, colu-
mellar area slanting, blotched with black at the sides.
Patella porcellana, Linnreus, Mus. Lud. Ulric. p. 689.
n. 411.
Nerita porcellana, Chemnitz.
NaviceUa porcellana, Deshayes.
Patella Borbonica, Bory St. Vincent,
Crepidula Borbonica, De Eoissy.
Septaria Borbonica, De Ferussac.
Navicella elliptica, Lamarck.
Scandalinum pictum, Schumacher.
Hab. Islands of Bourbon, Eodriguez, Mauritius, and
Madagascar; Eccluz.
The articulated painting of this old Linnwau species is
extremely thick-set, leaviug only minute triangular spac
of yellowish ground at irregular intervals.
Species 7. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella Cumingiana. Nav. tedd subtrigono-ovatd,
versus apiceni subrostratd, ad latera expansd, olivaceo-
luted, iiigrkante-fusco concenirice midulatd, intus ca-
rulescente, area columellari angustd, margine medio
suhproducto.
Cuming's Navicella. Shell somewhat triangularly
ovate, slightly beaked towards the apex, expanded
at the sides, olive-yellow, concentrically waved with
blackish-brown, interior bluish, columellar area nar-
row, margin slightly produced in the middle.
Recluz, MS. Mus. Cuming.
Ilab. Philippine Islands.
The painting of this fine species consists throughout of
concentric rings of irregidarly waved blackish-brown lines.
Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella variabilis. Nav. testa oblongo-ovali, con-
vexo-gibbosd, versus apicem subrostratd, concentrice
striata, sordide olivaced, nigra obscure retictdato-uu-
bratd, intus livida-cmruled, area columellari arcuatd.
The variable Navicella. Shell oblong-ovate, con-
vexly gibbous, somewhat beaked towards the apex,
concentrically striated, dull olive, obscurely reticu-
lately shaded with black, interior livid blue, colu-
mellar area arched.
Recluz, MS. Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
Of a very regular oblong-oval form, sculptured with a
well-marked concentric striae, the network painting being
obscui-ed by patches of shading.
Jamrlla.P/.IH.
o
'f'^m
"Vmcant Brooks Imp
NAVICELLA.
Species 9. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
N.iviCELLA LENTIGINOSA. iVay. tedH subtrigono-ovatd,
HiMus concavo-expansd, olivaceo-luted, nvjricante-fmco
uncUque niiide I'meatd et leniiginosd, intus carides-
cente, area columellari parvd, concavo-decUvi.
The freckled Naticella. Shell somewhat triangu-
larly ovate, concavely expanded beneath, olive-yel-
low, neatly lineated and freckled throughout with
blackish-brown, interior bluish, columellar area small,
concavely slanting.
Hafj. ? '
Distinguished by its triangularly expanded form and
neatly freckled painting.
Fig. 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
The sheU here figured represents the Navicella elUptica
of Lamarck, which is a variety of the Linnean N. por-
relluna.
Species 11. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella Luzonica. Nav. testa anguste ovatd, g'lh-
hosd, ad apiceni coiispiciii rostratd, concentrice rude
striata, fulvo-castaned, immaculatd; intus caridescente,
area columellari aurantio-rufo tinctd.
The Luzon Navicella. Shell narrowly ovate, gibbous,
conspicuously beaked at the apex, concentrically
rudely striated ; fulvous chestnut, unspotted, interior
bluish, columellar area tinged with orange-red.
SouLEYET, Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1811,
p. 375.
Hah. Island of Luzon, Philippines (in mountain streams
on stones) ; Cuming.
Of a characte
fulvous-chestnut :
stic narrow, gibbons
colour, destitute of a
boat-like for
V marking.
Species 12. (Fig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.)
N.wiCELLA scarab.eus. Nav. iestd oblongo-ovaid, con-
vexo-depressd, siibtus planatd, apice retuse eroso, con-
centrice rude striata, nigricante-castaned, nitente, cor-
ned, intus carulescente, area columellari angustissimd,
crassd, declivi, cameo-rosed.
The beetle Navicella. Shell oblong-ovate, convexly
depressed, flattened beneath, apex bluntly eroded,
concentrically rudely striated, blackish chestnut,
shining, horny, interior bluish, columellar area very
narrow, thick, slanting, flesh-rose.
Ilab. Hamond's Island, Australian Seas.
A very peculiar oblong-oval species, depressly flattened
beneath, with a narrow, thickly callous, columellar area.
The outer surface of the shell is covered with a hard,
horny epidermis.
Species 13. (Fig. c, i, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella livida. Nav. tesid subtrigono-ovatd, m?-sus
apicem gibbosd, sordide livido-olivaced, obscure reticu-
latd, intus livido-carulesceiite, area columellari con-
cavo-pland.
The livid Navicella. Shell somewhat triangularly
ovate, gibbous towards the apex, dark livid olive,
obscurely reticulated, interior livid blue, eolumcllar
area concavely flattened.
Ilab. ?
Allied to N. saborbicularis, but of a dift'erent form and
a;eneral livid hue.
June, 1856.
Namrlhi. PI . IV.
NAVICELLA.
Plate IY.
Species 14. (Tig. o, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella Cookii. Km. testa mhohlomjo-ovatd, tenni-
cula, yibhosd, fulvescente, olivaceo-nigro ohsciire late
reticulata, intus carulescente, medio rufesceide thicld,
area coltimellari parvd, pallidissime nifescente.
Cook's Navicella. Shell suboblong-ovate, rather thin,
gibbous, light fulvous, obscurely broadly reticulated
with olive-black, interior bluish, tinged with red in
the middle, columellar area small, very faintly tinged
with red.
Recluz, MS. JMus. Cuming.
Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming.
A light gibbous species, allied to N. .■inhorhicidaris,
somewhat peculiarly contracted.
Species 15. (Fig. o, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella affinis. Nav. testa ovatd, subtus siibexpansd,
olivaceo-litted, niyro dense reticulatd, intus carules-
cente, area columellari lutescente, concavo-declivi.
The allied Navicella. Shell ovate, rather expanded
beneath, olive-yeUow, densely reticulated with black ;
interior bluish, columellar area yellowish, coucavely
slanting.
Hah. ?
There is little to distinguish this species from N. de-
pressa in point of colouring, but it may be recognized by
a difference of form.
Species 16. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella magnifica. Nav. testa oblongo-ovatd, idrin-
qui- attenuntd, concenirice dense elevato-striatd, niyri-
cante-fuscd, epidermide corned, apice multo eroso,
intus cmrulescente, area columellari plano-decUvi, an-
rantio-rnfo tinctd.
The magnificent Navicella. Shell oblong-ovate, at-
tenuated at each end, concentrically densely elevately
striated, dark brown, epidermis horny, apex much
eroded, interior bluish, columellar area flatly slanting,
tinged with orange-red.
Ilab. Hamond's Island, Australian Seas.
This fine species is of a bold expanded oblong-ovate
form, rather attenuated at each end, covered with a dark
bright brown epidermis, sculptured throughout with con-
centric rings of raised stria;.
Species 17. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella sanguiscga. Nav. testa elongato-ovatd, sub-
oblique curvatd, gibbosd, apice obsoleto, coucentrice
rude anntdato-striatd, nigricante-fuscd, epidermide
corned, intus ccerulescente, area columellari termiiiali.
crassd, callosd, plus minus erosd.
The leech Navicella. Shell elongately ovate, some-
what obliquely curved, gibbous, apex obsolete, concen-
trically rudely ring-striated, blackish-brown, epider-
mis horny, interior bluish, columellar area terminal,
thick, callous, more or less eroded.
Ilab. New Caledonia.
Of a peculiar elongately ovate form, obliquely curved,
with an eroded sinus on the inner side, which seems to
indicate that this sheH may prove to be typical of a new
genus. The columellar area forms a thickly flatly eroded
shelf across the end. Externally the epidermis is horny.
Species 18. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella uaustkum. Nav. testa oeatd, subtus exca-
vatd, gibbosd, apice rostrato, olivaceo-luted, nigro
dense reticulatd, intus carulescente,
parviusculd, albicante.
'd columellari
The scoop Navicella. Shell ovate, excavated beneath,
gibbous, apex beaked, olive-yellow, densely reticu-
lated with black, interior bluish, columellar area
rather small, whitish.
Ilab. New Caledonia.
Of a more than usual excavated gibbous growth, with
painting similar in character to that of N. depressa.
Miric,-/!,,. /'/. r.
^B
)
•
m
Sowerby- del ttlitli
Vmc«a Brc..is
NAVICELLA.
Species 19. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
N.ivicELLA Crepiduloides. Nav. testd suhatiguste ovatd,
de^n'essa, versus apicem attenuate rostratd, suhtus ex-
cavatd, caruleo-nigrd, olivaceo-luteo minute lineatd et
punctata, ared columellari latd, plano-decUvi, tenui,
semipellucidd.
The Cuepidula Navicella. Shell rather narrowly
ovate, depressed, attenuately beaked towards the
apex, e.\cavated beneath, blue-black, miuutely liue-
ated and dotted with olive-yellow, columellar area
broad, flatly slanting, thin, semitranspareut.
Hah. ?
Of depressly excavated growth, peculiarly attenuated
and beaked towards the apex, the columellar area having
the appearance of a thin septum as in some species of
Crepidula.
Species 20. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella eeticdlata. Nav. testd depresse ovatd,
teuiti, semipellucidd, liitescente, apicem versus roseo-
tinctd, olivaceo-niyro aperte reticiclatd, ared columel-
lari pared.
The reticulated Navicella. Shell depressly ovate,
thin, semitranspareut, yellowish, tinged with rose
towards the apex, openly reticulated with olive-black,
columellar area small.
Hob. Ceylon.
A thin semitranspareut oblong-square ovate shell, reti-
culated W'ith a rather large open pattern.
Species 21. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella insignis. Nav. testd subtrigono-ovatd, pecu-
liariter depressissime expansd, concentrice rude cor-
rugatd, apiee non inarginali, olivaceo-nigrd, versus
nMrginem lutesceute puuctatd, iutus carulesceute, ared
columellari parvd, contractd.
The remarkable Navicella. Shell somewhat trian-
gularly ovate, peculiarly very depressly expanded.
concentrically rudely wrinkled, apex not marginal,
olive-black, dotted with yellow towards the margin,
interior bluish, columellar area small, contracted.
Hab. Sumatra ; Captain Martin.
Eemarkably distinguished by its depressly expanded
Patella-V\k& form, the margin being produced much be-
apex.
ad the
Species 22. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella apiata. Nav. testd ovato-trigond, utrinque
nlatd, de])ressissim.d, oUvaceo-nigro midi(/ue pulckerrimi
mimttimme retictilatd, iiitus cisrulesceute,maculis sub-
amplis duabus iiigris, ared columellari angustd.
The finely-netted Navicella. Shell ovately trian-
gidar, winged on each side, very depressed, beauti-
fully finely netted throughout with olive-black, in-
terior bluish, with two rather large black spots, co-
lumellar area narrow.
Le Guillou, Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, ISl-l,
p. 376.
Hab. Nukuhiva, Feejee Islands.
Conspicuously characterized by its depressed
expansion, and peculiarly neat minute reticulated marking.
Species 23. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella psittacea. Nav. testd anguste ovatd, versus
apicem atteuuate rostratd, valde gibbosd, atrd, obscure
reticulatd, iutus ceerulescente, ared columellari declivi,
margiiie medio coiispicue producto, superiie ru/o-tinctd.
The parrot-beak Navicella. Shell narrowly ovate,
attenuately beaked towards the apex, very gibbous,
black, obscurely reticulated, interior Ijluish, columel-
lar area slanting, margin conspicuously produced in
j the middle, tinged with red at the upper part.
j Hab. Australian Islands.
' A narrow gibbous shell, of light substance, attenuately
I beaked towards the apex, with the columellar area pro-
I duced in the middle into a tongue-like process.
y,iwr/l„ J'/. VI.
m '
r*?^
^-.. ^
:|!l
Vmcenv B-roolts It,
NAVICELLA.
Species 34. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella clypeolum. Nav. testa subquadrato-ovatd,
teiiuiculd, expansa, coiweiitrice deitse striata, lutescetite
fitsco reticulaiim varieyatd, satm-aie fimco interduw
radiatd, ajiice rosea, area coliimellari. curvatd.
The little - shield Navicella. Shell somewhat
squarely ovate, rather thin, expanded, concentrically
densely striated, yellowish, reticulately variegated
with brown, sometimes rayed with dark lirovvn, apex
rose, columellar area curved.
Kecluz, MS. Mus. Cuming.
Easdem varietates. Navicella atra and radiata. Reeve,
in Conch. Syst.
Hah. Philippine Islands (in mountain-streams on stones) ;
Cuming.
A light squarely ovate variegated species, with a cha-
racteristic rose apex.
Species 25. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella pblchella. Nav. testa compressi ovatd,
dense coiicentrice striatd, nigra, versus marginem nigro
et Ititeo pulclire tessellatd, area columellari parvius-
culd.
The pretty Navicella. Shell compressly ovate, densely
concentrically striated, black, towards the margin
prettily tessellated with black and yellow, columellar
area rather small.
Hab. ?
A black compressly ovate shell, neatly tessellated
wards the margin with yellow.
to-
Species 26. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella eximia. Nav. testa suboblongo-quadrata,
versus apicem contracfd, coneentrice dense striatd,
apice rostrato, lutesci'iiic, olii-nceo-iiigro tessellntd et
interdum imbeculatd, inlii't pilh,ci,h)-carulescente, area
columellari latiusculd, niirniilio-nifo tinctd.
The delicate Navicella. Shell somewhat oblong-
square, contracted towards the apex, concentrically
densely striated, apex beaked, yellowish, tessellated
and sometimes clouded with olive-black, interior
transparent blue, cohnnellar area rather broad, tinaed
with orange-red.
Ilah. Ceylon ; F. Layard.
A semitransparent tessellated species, marked with a
characteristic pattern and colour.
Species 27. (", h, r, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella tessellata. Nav. testa amjuste ovatd, tenui-
culd, dense coneentrice striatd, apice subrostrato, lutes-
cente, olivaceo-nigro promiscne tessellatd et variegatd,
apice rosacea, ared columellari curvatd.
The tessellated Navicella. Shell narrowly ovate,
rather tliin, densely concentrically striated, api-x
rather beaked, yellowish, promiscuously tessellated
and variegated with olive-black, apex tinged with
rose, columellar area arched.
Lamaeck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. .56-1..
Nab. Philippine Islands (in mountain-streams on stones);
Cuming.
or a narrower oblong form than cither of the preceding
species of the same type, and more promiscuously tessel-
lated.
•
^
Ximrl/,,, I'i VII.
Ymcent Brooks Imp
NAVICELLA.
Plate VII.
Species 2S. (Fig. u, b, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella Macrocephala. New. testa late ovata, con-
vexo-tumida, apice suhamplo, castaneo-fnscd vel oli-
vaced, linds nigris apeiie unclaid, area columellari
iinrantio-nifo tinctd.
Thk large-headed Navicella. Shell broadly-ovate,
coiivexly swollen, apex rather large ; chestnut-brown
or olive, laced with zigzag black lines, columellar
area tinged with orange-red.
fyi: Glillou, E«vae Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 374.
Hdlj. Feejee Islands.
.4 very characteristic broadly-ovate species, convexly
swollen towards the apex.
Species 29. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Cuming.)
\avicella CiEBDLESCENS. Nav. testd ovatd, apice sub-
rostratd, concentrice temcistriatd, teiiui, cmrulescente,
olivaceo-nigro varie subtilissme tessellatd et variegatd,
intenlmti fasciatd, area colmnellari mibangndd.
The bluisu Navicella. Shell ovate, rather beaked at
the apex, concentrically finely striated, thin, bluish,
variously finely tessellated and clouded with olive-
black, sometimes banded, columellar area rather
narrow.
Hah. Calcutta (in the streets of the city and in the Bo-
tanic Gardens).
A light grey tessellated species, small and obscure in
pattern, and extremely variable.
Species 30. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella Bougainvillii. Nav. testa ovatd, apicem
versus convexo-tumidd, ollvaced, lineis nigris undatu
pictd, inttts ccerided, ared columellari angustd, maculis
duab/is nigris uotatd.
Bougainville's Navicella. Shell ovate, convexly
swollen towards the apex, olive, painted with waved
black lines, interior blue, columellar area narrow,
marked with two black spots.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 374.
Hub. New Ireland.
Distinguished by its peculiar waved-line painting
I internal black blotches.
and
June, 1856.
Xayicclla , PL MIL
Ymccnt Srooba Imp
NAVICELLA.
Species 31. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicell.\ lineata. Nav. testa elongato-ovatd, ad 1a-
tera compressd, temii, diaphand, apice rostrnto, pel-
lucido-liiiescente, pnnctis nigris mijittiferh axperm,
ared columellari latiwsctild.
The lineated Navicella. Shell elongately ovate,
compressed at tlie sides, thin, diaphanous, apex
bealjed, transparent yellow, sprinkled with black
arrow-headed dots, columellar area rather broad.
Lamakck, Encyclopddie Mcthodique, pi. 450. f. 2 a,h.
Septaria naviculu, De Ferussac.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
The most elongated and transparent of the genus,
marked with rays of arrow-headed black dots upon a
transparent ycUowish gi-ound.
33. (Fig. a, Ij, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella Entrecastauxii. Nav. testa subeloiigato-
ovntd, ad latera compressd, apice rostrato, temd, suh-
diaphand, livido-rosed vet pellucido-olivaced, liiieis
nuieculatis reticnlantibus radiatd, ared columellari
pari'iusculd, arcuatd.
Entrecastaux's Navicella. Shell subelongately ovate,
compressed at the sides, apex beaked, thin, subdia-
phanous, livid rose or transparent olive, rayed with
clouded reticulating lines, columellar area rather
small, arched.
Recluz, Revue Zoo!. Soo. Cuvierienne, 1811, p. 380.
Ilab. Point Entrccastaux, King George's Harbour, .Vus-
tralia.
Of a similar transparent substance to the preceding
species, less elongated in form, of a delicate rose-yellow
tinge, retioulately rayed with black lines.
Species 33. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Navicella oeientalis. Nav. testa ovatd, ad latera
subcompressd, tenui, suhdiapJiand, liitescetite-grised,
puiirtis nigricautibus reticulatim aspersd, ared colii-
ueUari siibaiigustd, arcuatd.
The East Indian Navicella. Shell ovate, slightly
compressed at the sides, thin, subdiaphanous, yel-
lowish-grey, reticulately sprinkled with blackish dots,
columellar area rather narrow, arched.
Hab. Calcutta (in the Botanic Garden).
A somewhat rudely compressed semitransparent shell,
faintly reticulately sprinkled with black dots.
LATIA.
Genus LATIA, Gray.
Testa tennis, subcornea, ovata, depresse pileiformis, vertice
oblique intorto, ■subrosfrato ; intus septo arcuato, mar-
giiie subreflexo, ad extremitatem imam acute producto.
Shell thin, rather horny, ovate, depressly cap-shaped, ver-
tex obliquely twisted in and slightly beaked ; interior
marked with an arched shelf, a little turned up at the
edge, which is sharply produced at one end.
The two little shells here figured with the Navicdlre
present a distinct typical character, partaking almost
equally in the general features of convolution and texture
with Ancylus. Dr. Gray, while distinguishing them in
our national collection by the generic title of Lafia, places
them near the latter genus ; but in the absence of any
knowledge of the animal, their position in the system
can only be a matter of conjecture. They are of thin,
olive or greenish, horny substance, with the spire obliquely
twisted in, having an opake white septum in the interior,
similar in a measure to that of Navicella or Cahjptrea, but
presenting a peculiar modification, the edge being slightly
bent upwards and prolonged at one end into a sort of
spine.
Both species are from New Zealand.
Species 1. (Fig. 34 a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Latia Neeitoides. Lat. testa ovatd, Icevigatd, vertice
tmnidiusculo, producto ; oUvaceo-cortieu.
The Neeite-like Latia. Shell ovate, smooth, vertex
rather swollen, produced ; olive-horny.
Gray, MS. Mus. Brit.
Ihb. New Zealand ; Earl.
This species, the smaller of the two which at present
constitute this genus, has the vertex the more swollen and
produced in proportion to the size of the shell.
Species 2. (Fig. 35 a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Latia lateealis. Lat. testd subquadrato-ovaid, subde-
pressd, obscure later aliter sulcata ; virescente-corned.
The lateeal Latia. Shell somewhat squarely ovate,
rather depressed, obscurely grooved at the side ;
greenish-horny.
Gould, MS. Mus. Cuming.
Hab. New Zealand ; Hart, R.N.
Rather larger than the jireceding species, and more
squarely depressed in general contour. The vertex is less
prominent, and the side of the shell is faintly grooved.
NAVICELLA.
affinis. Reeve IV. 15
apiata, Le Gttillo7i V. 32
bimaculata, Beeve I. 3
Boiigainvillii, Recluz VII. 30
cserulescens, Reeve VII. 29
clypeolum, Redu: IV. 2-i
Cookii, Recluz IV. 11
Crepiduloides, Reeve V. 19
Cumingiana, Redu: II. 7
depressa, Lesson I. 3
elliptica, Lamarck II. 6
Entrecastauxii, Redu: VIII. 32
eximia, Reeve VI. 2(i
Freycineti, Jleclu: I. 4
haustrum, R^eve IV. IS
iiisig-nis, Reivc V. 31
Janelli, Recluz . .
leiitiginosa, Reeve
lineata, Lmiiarck
livida, Reeve
Luzouica, Smdeyet ...
macrocephala, Le Chdllou
maguifica, Reeve .
orbicularis, Sowerlji/
orieutalis, Rtevt
porcellana {Pntella), Linn
psittacea, Reeve .
pulchella, Reeve .
reticulata, Reeve
sanguisuga. Reeve
scarabaaus, Reeve
tesscllata, Lnumrdi
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
SIPHONARIA
" Pait siiiL'le. or with mate.
Graze the seaweed, their pastm-c,
And through groves of coral stray."— jV;//o«.
.S(i>h(ji(irui . /y.;.
:i^*h
^^^
SIPHONARIA
Genus SIPHONARIA, Soicerby.
Testa oviita, nunc elevaio-conica, verticc iiiwinato, i/iiiic de-
pressa, radiathn costata re/ liiri/a. ii/ari/ine iloiticii-
lata. Impressio muscnianx niitiiv iiilerrupttt, Intci-f
caimU phis minus distiiicli: iiiilnilu.
Shell ovate, sometimes elevately conical, uncinate at the
top, sometimes depressed, radiately ribbed or stri-
ated, denticulated at the margin. Muscular impres-
sion interrupted in front, more or less distinctly
marked, with a canal leading to the side.
The attention of Mr. Sowerby was first attracted to
this group of Limpets, as distinguished from the ordinary
PaMla, by the impressed mark, on one side of the in-
terior, of an outlying siphon. The animal was succes-
sively anatomized by De BlainvUle and M. Quoy, and a
structure corresponding with this mark was found to exist
iu the form of a caual, used for the conveyance of water
to the branchial cavity, which proved to be situated iu
the back of the neck. The first recognized species were
described and figured by Mr. Sowerby, in his ' Genera of
Shells.' The soft parts were figured by M. Quoy in the
' Voyage de TAstrolabe,' but several of the shells named
iu that work as distinct species, and reproduced as such
by M. Deshayes in his edition of Lamarck's ' Animau.K
sans vertebres,' appear to be varieties of one and the same
species in different states. With the aid of a numerous
series of specimens of SlpJionaria, collected together by
Mr. Cuming, I have been enabled to define many new
species, and remove previous errors, the whole forming an
exceedingly natural group, all readily distinguished by their
variations of form, sculpture, and internal colouring.
The Siphonar'uB, as will be seen on reference to the
habitats, are widely distributed in both hemispheres.
Species 1. (Fig. u, h, ^lus. Cuming.)
SiPHON.\RiA DiEJiENENSis. Sipli. testd ovatd, convexd,
vertice aeiito, radiaiim costatd, cosiis numerosis, rudi-
iiis, irregulai-'ibus ; costis aliidis, intent itik versus mar-
yinem cinefeo-nifesceiifibus, niuri/ini' iiitiis conspici'i
castmieo albogue lineolato.
The Van Diemen's Land Siphonaria. Shell ovate,
convex, sharp at the top, radiately ribbed, ribs nume-
rous, rude, irregular ; ribs white, interstices ash-red
towards the margin, margin conspicuously lincated
withiu with chestnut and white.
Quoy and Gaimakd, Voy. de 1' Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 337-
pi. 25. f. 1-13.
IM. Van Diemen's Land.
Au acutely convex species, irregularly closely ribbed,
with the interstices excavately grooved, and further dis-
tinguished by the inner margin being conspicuously tes-
sellated.
Species 2. (Fig. ff, /a Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria scabra. Sijili. testd ortjicidari, subdepresse
convexd, i-ertiec obtuse acumiuatd, radiatim costatd,
costis rudibus, scabris ; costis sordide albidis, inter-
stitiis puipurco-fuscescentibus, intus purpureo-lineatd.
The rough Siphonaria. Shell orbicular, rather de-
pressly convex, obtusely pointed at the top, radiately
ribbed, ribs rude and scabrous ; ribs dirty-white, in-
terstices purple-brown, interior purple-liiieated.
Jlab. Port Jackson, Australia.
Of a more orbicular form than the preceding species,
with the ribs more rough and irregular, and, the shell
being of thinner substance, the purple linear painting is
seen running up further in the interior.
Species 3. (Fig. <i, b. Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria gigas. Siph. testa elevato-cuiicexd, radia-
tim fortiter costatis, cosiis rude aiigulatis, aciitis, in-
terstitiis striatis ; fused, versus marginem nigricanle
tinctd.
The giant Siphonaria. Shell elevately convex, radi-
ately strongly ribbed, ribs rudely angled, sharp, in-
terstices striated; brown, stained with black towards
the margin.
Sowerby, Tankerville Catalogue, App., p. vii. n. SOS.
Hab. Galapagos Islands and Panama.
This fine species is well distinguished by its strong,
rude, angularly raised ribs, radiating from the top like
buttresses.
Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria denticulata. Siph. testd ovatd. erassii,
SIPHONARIA.— Plate I.
culd, snbirn'fjuliii-i, depresse coiwexa, radialim cos-
iatd, c(k/is rni/i/iii.i, alternaLim majoribus ; intuit U-
oido-casliiiieii, mnnjitii; albo macnlatd.
The toothed Siphonakia. Shell ovate, rather thick,
sonievvliat irregular, depressly oouvex, radiately
ribbed, ribs rude, alternately larger; interior livid
chestnut, white-spotted at the edge.
UuoY and Gaimard, Voy, de I'Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 340.
pi. 25. f. 19 ami 20.
llulj. Australia.
Chiefly distinguished by the livid brown eolouring of
the interior and short white tessellated spots of the inner
margin.
Species 5. (Fig. u, b, Mus. Cuming.)
SiPHOXARiA L/EviuscuLA. Sipli. testa snborbicnhiri, clc-
vato-conw.vu. ecrfici' aittire mbincUnato, radialim li-
raid et snlculii. /iri\ liirihuH ; sordide cinered, intios
pitrjjnreo-riiji-tn-ii/c, uiiirijinc nix denticidafd.
The smooth Siphonabia. Siiell suborbicular, elevately
convex, top a little inclined anteriorly, radiately
ridged and grooved, ridges smooth ; dirty-ash, in-
terior purple-i'ed, scarcely denticulated at the edge.
De Blainville, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Valparaiso.
An orbicular raised shell, with the top a little inclini-d
towards the front. The (uiter surface is only superticially
ridged, while the interior is of a peculiar purple-red
colour.
,S'i/j/ir/uf/-uf .PI .11 ■
fmi\
H
'%|^'
^P^^
%M^
-A Brooks Imp
SIPHON ARIA.
.Species 6. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
SipiloNARiA FUNICUL.A.TA. S'lpli. testct omtCi, elevuta,
promiacue dense costatd et lira/d ; cost is Urisqne opaco-
alhis, interstitiis fnscescentibus.
The corded Sipiionaria. Shell ovate, raised, promis-
cuously densely ribbed and ridged ; ribs and ridges
opake white, interstices light brown.
Hah. Van Diemen's Land.
A raised ovate species, closely rayed throughout with
opake white ribs and ridges upon a light brown ground,
with the siphon very distinctly indicated in the interior.
Species 7. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Sipiionaria cancer. Siph. testa, snboblongo-ovaid, con-
vexo-depressd, valde irrei/idari, radiatim costatd, costis
fortibiis, rwdibus, siibcorrugatis, tribus prope siphonem
distaniibus ; sordide piirpiirasce>ite-fuscd.
The crab Siphonaria. Shell somewhat oblong-ovate,
couvexly depressed, very irregular, radiately ribbed,
ribs strong, rude, subcorrugate, three next the siphon
distant ; dull purple-brown.
Hab. New Zealand.
A rather depressly convex species, rayed with subcoiTU-
gate rude ribs, three of which on the side of the siphon are
widely separated.
Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria characteristica. Siph. testa rotmidatn,
elecato-conicd, radiatim obscure liratd et striata; ci-
nereo-iiigricaitte, prope verticem ferrugined, liris ul-
The characteristic Siphonaria. Shell rounded,
elevately conical, radiately obscurely ridged and stri-
ated ; cinder-black, rusty-brown near the top, ridges
whitish.
Reeve, Conch. Systematica, vol. ii. pi. 138. f. 3.
Hab. Galapagos Islands aud Panama.
Of a very elevated conical form, merely sculptured with
rather obscure ridges and striee.
Species 9. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria sipho. Siph. testa subacute conicd, Bala-
niformi, varie radiatim costatd et liratd ; costis liris-
que opaco-albis, interstitiis purpurascente-fnscis.
The siphon Siphonaria. Shell somewhat acutely coni-
cal, Balanus-shaped, variously radiately ribbed and
ridged ; ribs and ridges opake white, interstices pur-
ple-brown.
SowERBY, Genera of Shells, Siphonaria. f 1 and 4.
Siphonaria e.vigua, Sowerby.
Siphonaria crebricostata, Nuttall.
Siphonarice albicans, Zelandica, acuta, punctata, and
pUcata; Quoy and Gaimard.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
This species, of which fine specimens, such as those
figured, were collected in abundant variety by Mr. Cuming
at the Philippine Islands, differs materially in the character
of its sculpture, the ribs being sometimes numerous and
close-set, as in Mr. Sowerby's typical specimen, sometimes
distant, with small intervening ridges, as in S. exigua of
the same author.
, Sip/i ( >n <( rid . PI . Ill .
/
.jovrtrVy t.lel et liUi .
SIPHONARIA,
Species 10. (Pig. a,h, Mus. Cuming.)
SipiioNAEiA VENOSA. Siph. testd ovatd, elevato-coniat,
a-fi.musculd, rudiaiim dense nfriatd, stri'm nigris, e/c-
vatiuseidin.
The veined Siphon aria. Shell ovate, elevately conical,
rather thick, radiately densely striated, stria? black,
somewhat raised.
Hfii. Cape Coast.
A raised oblong conical species, of rather solid gTowth,
characterized within and without with pencil-black raised
lilies.
Species 11. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
SipiioNARiA LiNEOLATA. Sifh. testd depresm ovatd, teniii,
radiatim obtuse costatd, costis lath, versus verticem
obsoletis ; peUncido-fitscd, nir/ro tiuctd, costis pellii-
cido-alhis.
The uneolate Siphonaria. Shell depressly ovate,
thin, radiately obtusely ribbed, ribs broad, obsolete
towards the top; transparent brown, black-stained,
ribs transparent white.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 183.5, p. 6.
Siphonaria plana, Quoy and Gaimard.
Hah. Chili and Central America (on rocks in exposed si-
tuations) ; Cuming.
Chiefly distinguished by its broad sinuated transparent
white superficial ribs.
Species 12. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria obliquata. Sipli. testa ova,to-oblon(jd, suh-
depressd, radiatim ohliqmte liratd, vertiee uncinatd ;
cinereo-fuscd.
The crooked Siphonaria. Shell ovately oblong, rather
depressed, radiately crookedly ridged, vertex unci-
nate; ash-brown.
SowERBY, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. 7. n. SU9.
Siphonaria scutellnm, Deshayes.
Hah. New Zealand.
This oblong species, quite unique in form and dimen-
sions, has a sharp uncinate apex, and is crookedly distorted
Species 13. (F'ig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
PHONARIA coNCiNNA. Siph. tesld subdcpresse ovatd,
I acnte rude cosfafd, costis numerosis ; costis albidis,
1 interstiliisferrwjineo-nifjris.
I The NEAT Siphonaria. Shell subdepressly ovate,
sharply rudely ribbed ; ribs white, interstices rusty-
black.
SowERBY, Genera of Shells, f. 1 and 3.
Hab. Gambia and Mauritius.
Of a characteristic oval dish-shape, neatly coloured witli
shining purple-black between the white ribs.
Species 14.. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonakia atka. Siph. testa depresse ovatd, temii, ra-
diatim costatd, costis subacutis, irregularihus, inter-
stitiis striatic ; pellucido-nigrd aitt riifo-fuscd, costix
albidis.
The black Siphonaria. Shell depressly ovate, thin,
radiately ribbed, ribs rather sharp, irregular, with the
interstices striated; transparent black or red-lirown,
ribs whitish.
Quoy and Gaimakd, Voy. de I'Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 337.
pi. 25. f. 41, 43.
Siphonaria Coreensis, Adams and Reeve.
Hab. Singapore, Corea, Island of Vanikoro.
Closely allied to S. lineoMa, though sufficiently distin-
guished by the ribs being more pronounced, with inter-
veninn; striae.
Sf/Jtr//r//m ,Fl.B.
•
•
Vmcent BroclcE Imp-
SIPHON ARIA.
Species lo. (Fig. a, h, Mas. Cuniiii;;'.)
SlPHONAllIA .EmULORATA. Siph. lesld ohtOH(JO-UVal(i,
irregulari, conwxo-depressd, vertke micmatd, dense
rude Urutd, nmrgine terme deniiculato ; nordide fused,
iiiliis pitrpiirm-castuned.
The fringei) Siphonakia. Shell oblong-ovate, irregu-
lar, coiivexly depressed, uncinate at the top, densely
rudely ridged, margin tinely denticulated ; dirty
brown, purple-ciiestnnt within.
Gkay, MS., Mus. Curaing.
Hcd). Mazatlan.
Closely allied to S. deidicidata, but uiieniate at the top
and more iinely sculptured.
Species 16. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Sll'llONAElA PICA. ShpJt. testa omtd, cu/irexd, certice
siibacuminatd, radktim costatd, costisforllbics, dlstan-
tihus, interstitiis striatis ; inius exlusgue aird, costis
albis.
The pied Siphonakia. Shell ovate, convex, rather
acuminated at the top, radiately ribbed, ribs strong,
distant, striated in the interstices ; black, ribs white,
black within and without.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 183.5, p. t;.
Hah. Acapulco.
Well characterized by its distant white ribs np(jn a black
ground.
Species 17. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonakia Brasiliana. Sipk. testa omtd, depnssim-
culd, dense cm'ritgato-costatd, vertice obtnso ; sordidi
albicante, intiis fmco-uiyro eleynnler Hiimld.
The Brazilian Siphonakia. Shell ovate, rather de-
pressed, closely corrugately ribbed, top obtuse ; dirty
white, within elegantly lineated with brown-black.
llah. Rio Janeiro.
;V rather depressly close-ribbed shell, elegantly pencilled
with brown-black in the interior.
Species 18. (Fig. u, li, Mus. Cuming.)
Sipli. testa ovatd, sabirreyn
dens} striata, striis niyrit
Mphonabia palpebrum.
lari, convexd, radUdii
e/n-atiiiscif/is.
The eye-lid Siphonakia. Shell ovate, somewhat irre-
gular, convex, radiately densely striated, strise black,
slightly raised.
Jfab. Lisbon.
Sculptured
black strife.
d the margin with closely-set pencilled
Species 1',). (Fig. a, li, Mus. Curaing.)
Siphonakia costata. Siph. testa omtd, aciiminato-coH-
ve.m, teniii, vertice uncinato, radlatim corriigato-cos-
fatd, costis interdum partim obsoletis ; sordidi ciuered,
iniiis purpureo-rnfd.
The ribbed Siphonakia. Shell ovate, acuminately con-
vex, thin, top uncinate, radiately wrinkle-ribbed, ribs
sometimes partially obsolete ; dull ash, interior nur-
ple-red.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 0.
Huh. Guacama, Central America.
Of rather tin
interior.
i'th, dec
lie-red in tin
Siplioiiaria . PI . V.
Wf
^:!!i
V V
x'^ "If
1
•
•
•
•
•
So-werl"A' 0.4 et lith
YiTv-'iTi.X Broo>.£ Iinp
SIPIIONARIA
I'late V.
Species 30. (JIus. Cimiing.)
SiPiiONAUiA KuRiiACUEENSis. fiiph. leMd ckprcsso-
conicd, subacute coslatd, lira ceii/raU stnisqne in in-
terstitiis, siplioue suhconspicuo ; alba, croceo phin
minus tincta, prope verticem. niyro pallide radiatd.
The Kureachee Siphonakia. Shell depvessly conical,
rather sharply ribbed, with a central ridge and striio
in the interstices, siphon rather conspicuous ; white,
more or less tinged with yellow, faintly rayed with
black near the top.
Hub. Kurrachee, Scinde.
Distinctly rayed with small equidistant ribs, faintly im-
pressed towards the top with black hair-lines upon a white
ground tinged with yellow.
Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.)
SiPlioNARiA ZEBRA. Siph. lestd depresso-conicd, radia-
tini coslatd et liratd, costis irregularibus, hie itlic
conspicuis, sipJtone distineto ; alba, maculis uif/ris uud
vel duabus.
The zebra Siphonaria. Shell depressly conical, ra-
diately ribbed and ridged, ribs irregular, here and
there conspicuous, siphon distinct ; white, with one
or two black blotches.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
Of more irregular uncouth growth than the preceding
species, ribbed more on one side and blotched quite pro-
miscuously with black.
Species 33. (JIus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria bipurcata. S'ipk. tcstd perdepresse conicd,
tenuiculd, radialim coslatd, latis, obtusis, subsuperji-
ciariis ; lutescente-albd, coslarum interstitiis nigra
radiatis.
The bipukcate Siphonaria. Shell very depressly co-
nical, rather thin, radintely ribbed, ribs broad, ob-
tuse, rather superficial ; yellowish-white, interstices
between the ribs rayed with black.
Hab. Port Jackson, Australia ; Strange.
A rather flat thin species, rayed with obtuse supcrtioial
ribs, the interstices between which are stainei
black.
Species 33. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria Tristensis. Sijih. testa ovato-conicd, tenui-
culd, rerlice suboblique acun/iunfo li inforto ; ■Horilide
rirrsri'nlr, liiirii fii.scis irnyuftiri/i-r nidinlin, Jiln.sd,
inliis nilenle autaiied.
The Tristan Siphonaria. Shell ovatcly conical,
rather thin, vertex somewhat obliquely acuminated
and twisted in ; dull greenish, irregularly radiately
threaded with bifurcate brown lines, interior shining
chestnut.
SowERBY, Genera of Shells, f. 3.
Patella Tristensis, Leach.
Siphonaria Lessoni, Blainville.
Hab. Tristan D'Acunha, West Indies.
Of the same obliquely intorted Capulus type as the pre-
ceding species, but more erect.
Species 34. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria redi.micilum. Sijjh. testa tumidi conicd.
Caput if arm i, rerlice conspicue oblique intortd, sub-
obsolete radialim liratd, tenuiculd ; sordid e nigra.
The BONNET Siphonaria. SheU tumidly conical, Ca-
j(»//;(.s-shaped, with a vertex conspicuously obliquely
twisted in, rather obsoletely radiately ridged, rather
thin ; dirty black.
Hob. ■ ?
Curiously distinguished by its light Capulus-Wke form,
with the vertex being prominently obliquely twisted in-
wards.
(Fi
, Mus. Cuming.)
Species 35
Siphonakia Macgilliveayi. Siph. testd ovatd, conicd,
Capulifonni, vertice oblique intorto, oljsoletii coslatd,
costis distanlibus, sordide fused, intus nitide ca.s-
taned.
Macgillivray"s Siphonaria. Shell ovate, conical,
t'«y/«/««-shaped, with vertex obliquely twisted in-
March, 1856.
SIPHONAEIA.— Plate V.
wards, obsoletely ribbed, rib? distant ; dirty brown,
interior shining chestnut.
Hah. Island of St. Paul's.
Of the same Capulus type as the two previous species
small and faintly distantly ribbed.
Species 26. (Mns. Cuming.)
SiPHONARiA FEEEUGINEA. Siplt. testcl subdcfvessd, ra-
diatim costatis, costis acidis, rudibm, irregnlarihus.
iiplione conspicuo ; sordide lugrescente, mtvs niyro-
castaneo varie tinetd.
The RrsT\ Siphonaria. Shell rather depressed, ra-
diately ribbed, ribs sharp, rude, irregular, sipliou
conspicuous ; dirty blackish, variously stained within
with blackish-chestnut.
Hah.- ?
A depressed rudely ribbed species, promiscuously stained
within with blackish-chestnut, the margin being prettily
denticulated and edged with the same colour.
SawtrlTv dd et ntli
^'
<mMj^^
Siiihonaria ,PL VI.
m
j^^^^%
f
"Ti^i^::
^si:.
u^r
{SlifttUy enlarged.
SIPHONARIA.
Species 27. (Fig. n, h, Mus. Cuming.)
SiPHONABiA SiciUiJOEENsis. Sijih. testd depresse ova/u,
radintm Jorliter cosiaid et striata, costis anticis late
dioerffeidii/is ; pellucido-alid, intits ferrughieo-nigro
partim tbictd.
The Siquijor Siphonaria. Shell dcpressly ovate, ra-
diately strongly ribbed and striated, anterior ribs
broadly diverging ; transparent white, partially
stained within with rusty black.
Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines.
A flat transparent white species, witli the side ribs
broadly diverging, and the interior partially stained with
rust-blact.
Species 28. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
SiPHONAKIA COCHLEARIFORMIS. Sijih. testd ovatd, pluiw-
convexd, subirregidan, profuse radiatm corrufjato-
liratd, sinu laterali lata, cocJdeariformi ; albidd, intus
aurantio-fusco tinctd.
The spoon-shaped Siphonaria. Shell ovate, flatly
convex, rather irregular, profusely radiately wrinkle-
ridged, lateral sinus broad, spoon-shaped; whitish,
stained within with orange-brown.
Ilab. Isle of Hainan, coast of China.
Of an irregular convexly flattened growth, closely
wrinkle-ridged, with a broad spoon-shaped sinus.
Species 29. (Kg. «, b, i\Ius. Cuming.)
Siphonaria Luzonica. Siph. testd suborbicidari, de-
press coHvexd, radiatim costaid, costis distanlibiis,
aiigustis, prominentibus, interstitiis nitide elevato-stri-
ntis ; pellucido-albd, ferrugineo-nigro partim tinctd.
The Luzon Siphonaria. Shell suborbicular, depressly
convex, radiately ribbed, ribs distant, narrow, pro-
minent, interstices neatly clevately striated ; trans-
parent white, partially stained with rust-black.
Hab. Pntcao, Island of Luzon, Philippines.
Characterized by strong distant ribs, the interstices
being neatly sculptured with close-.set, raised stri;e.
Species 30. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Su'iloNAHIA Baooni. Sipli. testd convexo-pland, nitide
radiatim liratd, interstitiis tennistriatis ; albd,ferr%i-
gineo-iiigro pallide mactdatd, intus aurautio tinctd.
Bacon's Siphonahia. Shell convexly flattened, neatly
radiately ridged, interstices finely striated ; white,
iaintly spotted with rust-black, tinged with orange
within.
Hab. Swan Eiver, New Holland ; Bacon.
Distinguished by a particularly neat and delicate pat-
tern of rayed sculpture.
Species 3L (I?ig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria corrugata. Siph. testd suboblongo-ovvMi,
ilj-r^ -v", ,■,'■,/;„/, rostatd, interstitiis nitide slriatis,
(■:>:' . iiiVdms late divergeHtihus ; albd, pal-
Ji,lrj„.r. ,.-„;■' inictd.
The puckered Siphonaria. Shell somewhat oblong-
ovate, depressed, radiately ribbed, interstices neatly
striated, the anterior lateral ribs broadly diverging ;
white, tinged with pale brown.
Hab. Puteao, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming.
Distinguished chiefly by its more oblong form :
rainently developed ribs.
pro-
May, 18.5G.
Stphmaria PL VIL
c^^V.
Wm
t
t
SIPHONARIA
Species 32. (Fig. a, b. Mils. Cuming.)
SiPiiONAKiA SPINOSA. S'qtli. testd ovatd, mbdepresm,
(I [dee lateraliter unciuato, radiatim coalatd, costis siih-
(iii^Hntis, jirofiise squamato-sphtosis ; lutesceiite-albd.
The spined Siphonama. Shell ovate, rather depressed,
apes laterally uncinate, radiately ribbed, ribs rather
narrow, profusely squamately spined; yellowish-
white.
Ilfib. New Zealand.
Distinguished in a characteristic manner from all other
sjK'cics by its squaniate spines.
Species 33. (Fig. <(, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Si phonama amaka. S'qih. lestd ovaid, dqirfsm-conoidcd,
apice antke unciuato, radiatim dense cosiatd et linitd ;
iiifjrd, albo fasciatim radiatd.
The liLACKisn Siphonaria. Shell ovate, depressly co-
noid, apes anteriorly uncinate, radiately closely rilibcd
and ridged ; black, rayed with white bands.
Nuttall, MS., Mus. Cuming.
Hab. California.
Chiefly to be recognized
cinder-black ground.
upon
Species 34. (Fig. a, b, JIus. Cuming.)
SiPHONAttiA FULiGiNATA. Siji/i. fedd orbiciiiari, ovatd,
mbdepressd, obscure radiatim fimbriato-costatd, costis
versus apicem obsoletis ; sordide albd, ferrngineo-nii/n
sjmrsim macidatd.
The sooted Siphonaeia. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather
depressed, obscurely radiately fimbriatcly ribbed, ribs
obsolete towards the apex ; dull white, spar
blotched with rusty-black.
The ribs of this species have a furbelowed appearance
ear the margin, and arc obsolete towards the apes.
Species 35. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Siphonaria FUNICUL.4.TA. Siph. testd omtd, depresso-
coiwided, apice aiitice unciuato, radiatim dense elevato-
striatd ; ctpndescente-nigrd, striis liindis.
The cokded Siphonaria. Shell ovate, depressly co-
noid, apes anteriorly uncinate, radiately densely cle-
vately striated ; blue-black, strisc livid.
JPab. ?
A somewhat conoid species, densely rayed with raised
livid stria! upon a lilack ground, the apex being slightly
hooked anteriorly.
Species 36. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
SiPHONARl.A MATJEA. SipA. testd ovatd, subdepressd, apice
lateraliter unciuato, radiathn liratd, liris snbdistanti-
bns, iulerstitiis striatis ; sordidH fuscescente, fascia
nigra JKxta marginem, intus nitente atrd.
The moor Siphonaria. Shell ovate, rather depressed,
apex laterally uncinate, radiately ridged, ridges rather
distant, with the interstices striated; dull brown,
with a black band nest the margin, interior shining
black.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 7.
Ilab. Panama.
A little shining black species, rusty-brown exteriorly
escept nest the margin.
SIPHON A H lA
acuta, Quoy H-
ajquilorata, Reeve IV.
alljicans, Quoy II.
amara, NaUnll VII.
atra, Quoy III.
Eaconi, Reeve VI.
bifiircata. Reeve V.
Brasiliana, Reeve I\^
cancer, Reeve II.
characteristica, Reeve II.
cochleariformis, Reeve VI.
coiicinna, Sowerby III.
Coreensis, Adams and Reeve ... III.
coiTugata, Reeve VI.
costata, Soicerby IV.
crehriconlata, Nuttall II.
clentieulata, Quoij I.
Diemenensis, Quoy I.
exiyua, Sovverby II.
fen-uginea, Reeve V.
fuligiuata. Reeve VII.
funieulata, Reeve II.
lirata. Reeve VII.
gigas, Sowerliy I.
Kurracheensis, Reeve V.
Leuom, Blainville V.
kL'viuscula, Blainville I.
liueolata, Sowerhy III.
Luzonica, Reeve VI.
Macgillivrayi, Reeve V.
maura, Sowerby . VI].
obliquata, Sowerby III.
palpebnim, Reeve IV.
pica, Sowerby IV.
plana, Quoy III.
plicatu, Quoy II.
punctata, Quoy II.
redimiculum, Reeve V.
scabra. Reeve I.
scutelliim, Deshayes III.
siplio, Sowerby II.
Siquijorensis, Reeve VI.
spinosa. Reeve VII.
Tristensis, Sowerby V.
venosa, Reeve HI.
zebra. Reeve V.
Zelandica, Quoy II.
ERK.ATUM.
S.f„.,in,l„l„,
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
N E R I T A.
NmtaJI.I.
,>rf£^fct
0i
dry eld ft, \Ai
N E R I T A.
Plate 1.
Genus NEHITA, Linndna.
Testa globoso-ovaia, spird raru exserlu, aiifractibus siibcovi-
presse couvolutis, interdum lamgaiis, plerumqne spira-
Uler costatis vel liratis, aperturd semioriicidari, labro
intus crenaio-lirato, interdmn ad latirra dcnticulato,
area colimiellari subampld, sape granulatd aid corrii-
gatd, ad marginem plernmqne dentatd ; colore raria,
sapissime vivide picta ; operculo iedaceo.
Shell globosely ovate, spire rarely exserted, whorls rather
compressly convoluted, sometimes smooth, generally
spirally ribbed or ridged, aperture semiorbicular, lip
crenately ridged within, sometimes toothed at the
sides, coIumcUar area rather large, often granulated
or wrinkled, generally toothed at the margin ; colour
various, mostly brightly painted ; operculum testa-
ceous.
The Sea Nerites liave always been a favourite tribe of
sheOs among eoUeetors, on account of their pretty varie-
ties of painting. The animal of the Freshwater Nerites,
which I propose, contrary to the opinion of some con-
chologists, to associate still under the head of Neritbia, is
the same, but the shell is of lighter structure and of more
sombre hue. From Natica the shell of Nerifa dill'ers in
being more sculptured and more brilliantly coloured, and
the columellar area is, with few exceptions, toothed, and
either grained or wrinkled. The genus has been well ex-
amined by M. Eecluz, but severa' of his species I have
been unable to identify for want );ures. Fortunately
the types of most of this French concliologist's species are
in the collection of Mr. Cuming, who confided his 'speci-
mens to him about fifteen years since for description. The
species which are named for the first time in the following
Monograph have accumulated since that period.
The Nerilte are most abundant in the ^Molucca and
Philippine Islands, and New Zealand and Australia con-
tribute some fine species. A few species inhabit the shores
of Central America and the West Indies, but the genus is
not represented generally in the New World. The species
are less numerous than those of Neritiiia, and there are
few of small size.
Species 1. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
ITA EXUVIA. Ner. testa ovald, crussd, subfm plano-
excavatd, spird minuld, laterali, superjiciariu, apice
acuta, nnfract.ibus sviatigusie roiimdaiis, spiralUcr
costatis, codis aiigirstis, elevatis, sidcis intermediis
latis, conspicue excavatis, lird pared centrali percnr-
rente, aperturm fauce liratd, columella latissime coii-
caod, granulatd, ad marginem medio minute denticii-
latd ; costis caruleo-nigris, sparsim albo-Uneatis,mlcis
albidis caruleo-nigro macidatis, area colmnellari fnho
tinctd.
The snake-skin Nerite. Shell ovate, thick, flatly ex-
cavated beueath, spire minute, lateral, superficial,
sharp at the apex, whorls rather narrowly rounded,
spirally ribbed, ribs narrow, raised, intermediate
grooves broad, conspicuously excavated, with a small
central ridge running through them, interior of the
aperture ridged, columella very broadly concave, gra-
nulated, and minutely toothed in the middle at the
edge ; ribs blue-black, sparingly marked with white
lines, grooves whitish, spotted with blue-black, colu-
mellar area fulvous-tinged.
LiNX.EDS (not of Lamarck), Mus. reg. Ulricte, p. 682.
Ncrita Malaccensis, Lamarck.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Much confusion has arisen through confounding the
well-known N. plexa of Chemnitz with the Linna'an
'N. exuvia; but the description " nigricans lineis transversis
albidis " in the careful diagnose above referred to, does
not apply to that species.
Species 3. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.)
Xerita polita. Ner. tesid oblif/iie ovatd, subtus plano-
convexd, crassd, spird minutd, obtuse plunatd, anfrav-
tibiis angusle rotnndatis, spiram versiis lateraliter com-
prcssis, livvigaiis vel corriiffalo-striatis, apertura fauce
tix obsolete liratd, area coliimellari ad marginem rude
tetme dentatd ; varie iniiide eoloratd, subtus alba, po-
lita.
The polished Nerite. Shell obliquely ovate, flatly
convex beneath, thick, spire minute, obtusely flat-
tened, whorls narrowly rounded, laterally compressed
towards the spire, smooth or wrinkle-striated, in-
terior of the aperture scarcely obsoletely ridged, co-
lumellar area rudely finely toothed at the edge ; va-
riously brightly coloured, wliite and polished beueatli.
LiNN.n;s,'Syst. Nat. (lOlh edit.) p. 778.
August, l!i
NEEITA.— Plate I.
Neritm nigra, favescens, and kkroglyphka, Chemnitz.
Ner'dcB bidens and bifaselata, Gmelin.
Ea/i. Philippine Islands, Mauritius, etc.
Extremely variable in colouring and marking, but al-
ways characterized by its peculiar pinched form next the
spire.
Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekita ornata. Xer. testa globoso-turbinatd, soliiUs-
sima, sptrd exsertd, promirmld, anfraclibus superne
decUvibus, deinde roimidatis, undique dense spiralUer
cosfatis, eostis regidariiits, subplanatk, aperturd intm
i/icrassatd et serraid, area columellari corrngatd et
rude dentatd; albidd, eostis plus minus interrwpte
cmrnleo-mgricantibm.
The adorned Nekite. Shell globosely turbinated, very
solid, spire exserted, rather prominent, whorls slant-
ing at the upper part, then rounded, everywhere
closely spirally ribbed, ribs regular, rather flat, aper-
ture inwardly thickened and serrated, columellar area
wrinkled and rudely toothed ; whitish, ribs more or
less interruptedly blue-black.
SowERBY, Genera of Shells, No. 10.
Hab. Panama and Gallapagos Islands (on the rocks at
low water) ; Cuming.
The largest and most solid species of the genus, spi-
rally ilatly ribbed throughout ; the ribs being of moderate
width, regular, and close-set, and coloured with blue-black
promiscuously interrupted with white.
Species 4. (ilus. Cuming.)
Neetta quadricolor. Ner. testd siihglobosd, solidius-
culd, spird subexsertd, anfraclibus superne decUvibus,
deinde convexis, spiraliter costatis, eostis parviusciilis,
mcmerosis, suhirregularibus, aperturm fauce tenuiter
serratd, ared columellari sparsim granulatd et corrn-
gatd, ad marginem conspicue dentatd ; pallide roseo-
violaced, eostis irregulariter nigro maculatis, apice
lutescente.
The four-coloured Nerite. Shell subglobose, rather
solid, spire somewhat exserted, whorls slanting round
the upper part, then convex, spirally ribbed, ribs
rather small, numerous, somewhat irregular, interior
of the aperture finely serrated, columellar area; spar-
ingly granulated and wrinkled, conspicuously toothed
at the edge; pale pinkish-violet, ribs irregularly
spotted with black, apex yellowish.
Gmelin, Syst. Nat. (I3th edit.) p. 3684.
Nerita maris rubri, Chemnitz.
Hab. Eed Sea.
Colour, which in the preceding species is too variable
to be of any specific value, is in this species very charac-
teristic, the specimens being always of the same pinkish-
violet hue with yellow apex.
Nenta,F/.[I.
^^
ti -^x
'-^ ".dsf^ /
Scwa:l!V dr] ft. lilh
^eeni- &ioaks Imp.
NERITA.
Plate II.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita antiquata. Ner. testa globosd, soUdd, compactd,
spird plano-depressd, anfractUnis rotundatis, coiicen-
trice dense lirato-striatis, aperturd intus iucrassatd,
obsok'te serratd, ared colmnellari leviter comgatd,
bideiidatd ; griseo-albd, palllde nigricantc varie nebu-
losd et lenfiginosd, colmnelld viteUind.
The antiquated Nerite. Shell globose, solid, compact,
spii-e flatly depressed, whorls rounded, concentrically
closely ridge-striated, aperture thickened inwardly,
obsoletely serrated, columellar area faintly wrinkled,
two-toothed ; greyish-white, variously clouded and
freckled with pale black, columella yelk-yellow.
Eecluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 18H, p. 106.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
A particularly rounded solid shell, compressed towards
the spire, sculptured throughout with close-set concentric
ridge-like striae, with a characteristic yelk -yellow stain
across the toothed edge of the columella.
Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita costata. Ner. testd globosd, solidd, spird ob-
tuse planatd, spiraliter costatd, costis rotundatis, re-
gularibus, interstitiis nitide excavatis, aperturd iu-
crassatd, fortiter serratd et dentatd, ared colmnellari
convexd, corrugatd, fortiter dentatd; costis conspicne
carbonario-nigris, interstitiis fulvis, ared coluntellari
miperne luteo tinctd.
The ribbed Nerite. Shell globose, solid, spire ob-
tusely flattened, spirally ribbed, ribs rounded, re-
gular, the interstices neatly excavated, aperture thick-
ened, strongly serrated and toothed, columellar area
convex, wrinkled, strongly toothed ; ribs conspicu-
ously coal-black, interstices yellowish, columellar area
stained with yellow at the upper part.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 299. pi. 191. f. 1906,
1967.
Hab. Island of Nicobar.
A compressly rounded solid shell, conspicuously dis-
tinguished by its bold symmetrical coal-black ribs, yel-
lowish in the interstices.
[ Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
I Nerita Deshayesii. Ner. testa globoso - turbinata,
cra.'isd, spird subexsertd, anfractibus superne subde-
clivibiis, deihde rotundatis, spiraliter costatis, costis
t.eHuibus, Humerosis, valde irregularibns, siibserratis,
aperturd incrassatd, obscure serratd, dentatd, ared
cohnni-Uari promiscue corriigutd, rudissime fortiter
lU'ittaid : hiii'Hccute-alhd, ccenileo-nigro sparsim im-
diitd, cohiiuelld inter denies viieUind.
Deshayes' Nerite. Shell globosely turbinated, thick,
spii-e rather exserted, whorls rather slanting at the
upper part, then rounded, spirally ribbed, ribs thin,
numerous, very irregular, subserrated, aperture thick-
ened, faintly serrated, toothed, columellar area pro-
I miscuously wrinkled, very rudely strongly toothed ;
I yellowish -white, sparingly waved with blue-black,
columella yelk-yellow between the teeth.
I Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 101-.
i Ilab. Panama.
Closely allied to N. ornata, from the same locality, but
distinguished slightly and characteristically from that spe-
cies in all particulars. It is turbinated, with the spire less
exserted ; the ribs are narrower and more irregular, and
serrated ; the colouring is waved, and the teeth are much
more rudely developed.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita peloronta. Ner. testa oblongo-globosd, spird
subexsertd, anfractibus superne coucavo-declivibus,
(1,'inde rotiindis, spiraliter costatis, costis mediocribus,
conferlis, aperturd intus incrassatd, vix serratd, ared
colmnellari concavo-excamtd, subirregulariter dentatd;
Intescente-albd, nigra et roseo varie flexuose maciilatd,
ared colmnellari et inter denies sanguineo tinctd.
The bleeding-tooth Nerite. Shell oblong-globose,
spire somewhat exserted, whorls concavely slanting
at the upper part, then rounded, spirally ribbed, ribs
middling, close-set, aperture thickened inwardly,
scarcely serrated, columellar area concavely exca-
vated, somewhat iiTegularly toothed; yellowish-
white, variously flexuously spotted with black and
crimson, columellar area and between the teeth blood-
stained.
LiNN.EUs, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 778.
NERITA.— Plate II.
Hnlj. West Indies.
This well-known species is distinguished from all others
by the remarkable blood-stain on the columellar area.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita funiculata. Ner. testa ovatd, solidd, spird sub-
exsei-td, anfractibus rotmidatis, liris tenuibus confertis
spiraliter funiculat'is, aperturd subincrassatd, vix ser-
ratd, subampliter expansd, ared columellari promises
rorrngatd, dentatd ; purpiirascente-nigrd, inter liras
pallida.
The coeded Nerite. Shell ovate, solid, spire slightly
exserted, whorls rounded, spirally corded with fine
close-set ridges, aperture rather thickened, scarcely
serrated, rather largely expanded, columellar area
])romiscuously wrinkled ; purple-black, pale between
the ridges.
Hah. ?
The sculpture of this species resembles that of N. U-
iieata, except that the ridges are closer set. In the broad
expanded aperture and wrinkled columellar area, it differ.*
from that species materially.
x.Tihi.pi.m.
/'*
N "
Sowcrb^ dd * tti
Yjmrnt Broofo Imp
NERITA
Plate III.
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita grossa. Ner. testa ohliqne ovatd, solidd, spl)-d
parvd, vix exsertd, spiraliter costatd, costis rotundatis,
elevatis, interstitiis suhprofande excavatis, lira inter-
media prope aperturam, aperturd iutiis incrassatd et
serratd, ared columellari corrugatd et rude dentatd j
citiereo-grised, nigricante-olivaceo irregulariter articii-
latd, iipice lutescente.
The stout Nerite. Shell obliquely ovate, solid, spire
small, scarcely exserted, spirally ribbed, ribs round,
elevated, interstices rather deeply excavated, with an
intermediate ridge next the apertm-e, aperture thick-
ened and serrated inwardly, columellar area wrinkled
and rudely toothed ; ash-grey, irregularly articulated
with blackish-olive, apex yellowish.
LiNNiEUs, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 778. Deshayes,
Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 61 1.
Hab. Island of Burias, Philippiucs (on the reefs at low
water) ; Cuming.
Distinguished by its raised rounded ribs and excavateil
interstices, articulated with a characteristic olive-brown
tone of colouring.
Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita nigekuima. Nir. testa ovato-globosd, crassd,
spird parvd, subexsertd, anfraetibm supente concavo-
planatis, deinde conveys, lavibus, spiraliter sulcato-
striatis, striis versus aperturam gradatim obsoletis,
aperturd intus incrassatd, tenue serratd, peculiariter
expansd, ared columellari subobscure corrugatd, leviter
denticulatd ; intense caruleo-nigrd, interdum albipunc-
tatd, ad aperturam lutescente.
The very black Nerite. Shell ovately globose, thick,
spire small, rather exserted, whorls concavely flat-
tened at the upper part, then convex, smooth, spirally
groove-striated, strife gradually obsolete towards the
aperture, aperture thickened inwardly, finely ser-
rated, jjeculiarly expanded, columellar area obscurely
wrinkled, slightly toothed; deep blue-black, some-
times white-dotted, yellowish at the aperture.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 309, pi. 193. f. 1985.
1986.
Nerita atcrrimu, Gmelin.
A solid blue-black species, spirally groove-striated, the
strife becoming gradually fainter as they approach the
aperture, which is peculiarly rotundately expanded.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita plexa. Ner. testd ovato-glohosd, spird plano-
compressd, anfraetibm spiraliter costatd, costis alter-
t/ritim latis et angtistis, subirregularibiis, undique ru-
goso-serratis, aperturd intus sub incrassatd, liratd, ared
columelhiri plano-excavatd, granuhitd, vix dentata ;
albd, macuUs carnleo-nigris subremote tessellatd, (tpice
et ared columelhiri luteo tinctis,fauce luted.
The platted Nerite. Shell ovately globose, flatly com-
pressed at the spire, whorls spirally ribbed, ribs al-
ternately broad and narrow, rather irregular, rugosely
serrated throughout, aperture slightly thickened with-
in, ridged, columellar area flatly excavated, granu-
lated, scarcely toothed; white, rather distantly tes-
sellated with blue-black spots, apex and columellar
area tinged with yellow, interior yellow.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 190. f. 19-14, 1945.
Nerita textiUs, Gmelin.
Nerita exuvia, Lamarck (not of Liuna?us).
Hub. Philippine Islands; Cuming.
In this well-known species the dark spots are blue-
shaded and rather distant, on white ribs, which are alter-
nately broader and narrower, wliile the apex is impressly
flattened and yellowish.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita lineat\. Ner. testa oblongo-oraid, siibglohosd,
apice Idlcrali. piinim exsertd, anfractibus rotiindutis,
.■iiibiiiiyii^Ha, iiiliili dense spiraliter tenuiliratis, aper-
turd subinerassatd, serratd, ared columellari pland,
Icevigatd, rude minute denticulatd ; roseo-cinered, liris
piirpureo-nigris, ared columellari luteo tinctd.
The lineated Nerite. Shell oblong-ovate, subglobose,
apex lateral, but little exserted, whoris rounded,
rather narrow, neatly closely finely spirally ridged,
aperture slightly thickened, serrated, columellar area
flat, smooth, rudely minutely toothed ; pink-ash,
ridges purple-black, columellar area stained with
yellow.
June, 1855.
NERITA.— Plate III.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. pi. 191. f. 1958, 1959.
Hah. Port Essington, North Australia. Philippine Is-
lands.
Of an elegant oblong narrowly globose form, closely
sculptured throughout with neat puiijle-black linear ridges
upon a pink-ash ground, the columellar area being con-
spicuously stained with yellow.
Species l-l. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Ascensionis. Ner. testa ovato-turbinatd, spird
subexsertd, mifractilms mperm concavo-impresm, spi-
raliter cosfatis, costis rotundatis, subelevatis, undique
tenuiserratis, interstitiis excavatis, aperturd vix in-
crassatd, area columdlari obsolete corriujatd, biden-
tatd; lutescente-albd, costis maculis griseo-nigricaitli-
bus dense tessellatis, area columellari lutesceute.
Tub Ascension Nerite. Shell ovately turbinated, spire
rather exserted, whorls concavely impressed at the
upper part, spirally ribbed, ribs rounded, rather ele-
vated, finely serrated throughout, interstices exca-
vated, aperture scarcely thickened, columellar area
obsoletely wrinkled, two-toothed ; yellowish-white,
ribs thickly tessellated with grey-black s])ots, colu-
mellar area yellowish.
Hab. Island of Ascension.
Of rather light growth, speckled throughout on the ribs
with clouded blue-black or grey spots, the interstices being
of a yellowish or pinkish hue.
Kmhi.l'I.K
K,
fb
N l] K I r A
I'l.A
Species 15. (Mas. Cuming.)
Nerita Le Guillouan.\. Ner. testa mbovnto-globosd,
crassd, spird subuxsertd, anfracti/iii-i declivi-cnnvexis,
spiraliter costatis, costis coiifer/ix, /jam's, ,,/n/io H
juxta suturam majoribws, ttpniiurd i.imi.ssnlil ,7 si-r-
ratd, area columellari incrnsmtd d jiromiM-ih- cor-
rugntd, dentatd; cinereo-albd, ynseo-olwaceu macn-
latd et variegatd, apice luteo.
Le GuiLLOu's Nerite. Shell subovately globose, lliick,
spire a little exserted, wbovls slantingly convex, spi-
rally ribbed, ribs close-set, small, larger in the middle
and next the suture, aperture thickened and serrated,
columellar area thickened and promiscuously wrinkled,
toothed ; ash-white, mottled and variegated with grey
olive, apex yellow.
Uechjz, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuvierienue, 18-t2, p. 17S.
Ihib. Philippine Islands.
A solid finely-ribbed species, ricidy mottled and \ nric-
gated throughout with greyish-olive, the apex being yel-
low, and the columellar area much swollen and wrinkled.
compressed towards the spire, spire seai'cely exserted,
whorls spirally grooved, grooves linear, rather close-
set, aperture thickened and slightly serrated, largely
expanded, columellar area obsoletely wart-wrinkled,
toothed; grey-black, sparingly interrupted with ash-
white, columella faintly yellowish.
Eecli;/,, Eev. Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1843, p. 170.
H(d}. Australia.
An nliloiig solid shell, ratlier compressed near the spire,
and lioUllv exiianded at the aijcrture.
Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita atrata. Ner. teaf/i semif/lobond, crassd, spird
viv exscrld, (iiifriiclihus rolntidnl'ix^ jiixia spi.ram com-
pressis, spiniViler i'I,'nilo-\lriiilis, nperturd vaUle iii-
crassald, levilrr si'rruh!, rol u iidnto-expansd, ared co-
Inmellari coitrard, iniitiiti denluld; carboiiarlo-atrd,
inter slr'ws jmllidd.
The rlack Nerite. Shell .semiglobosc, thick, spire
scarcely exserted, whoris rounded, compressed next
the spire, spirally elevately striated, aperture much
thickened, slightly serrated, rotundately expanded,
columellar area concave, minutely toothed ; coal-
black, pale between the stride.
Chemnitz, Couch. Cab. vol. v. pi. 19i». p. 296, f. i:).-jt,
1955.
Hab. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.
The surface of this species is not dcprcssly grooved, as
described by Lamarck, but merely finely linearly impressed,
or, as Chemnitz characterizes it, " lineis obsoletis vi\ nia-
nifestis in fundo nijierrimo circumdata."
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Madra. Ner. tesld oblonyo-ovald, crassd, solidd,
spiram versus compressd, spird vix exsertd, anfractl-
biis spiraliter suJcatis, sulcis linearibus, sicbcot/fertis,
nperturd incrassaid et leviler serratd, amplitir cr-
pausd, ared columellari obsolete verrucoso-corriujnld,
dentatd ; grlsm-iiiijrivinilf, ciin'rco-allio uparsiui inter-
riiptd, Cohtwelhl lialVnli- 1,,1,'srriilr.
The Moor Nerite. Shell obloii'^-ovate, thick, solid,
Species IS. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita ciirysostoma. Ner. lesld orutd, Tnrhiuifonni,
siilciitil, s/i/cis liiimriiiii.K, siihirnyiilarihiix, iiprrliird
iiicra.sxdtd I'l xi'rrnld, siiliexpaiisd, ared culnvirlliin
proiiiixriii^ corritgntd, di'iilald ; sordide httescente-albd,
iiiiiriciiiite-oliriu'eojh'xiinso-variegatd, ared columellari
et aperturd rHelUuis.
The oolden-mouthed Nerite. Shell ovate, Turbo-
shaped, thick, spire exserted, whorls convex, spirally
grooved, grooves linear, rather irregular, aperture
thickened and serrated, rather expanded, columellar
areapromiseuniisly wrinkled, toothed ; dull yellowish-
white, flexnnu-l\ \;irie'j:iii (1 with blackish-olive, aper-
ture and columellar are.i tinged with yclk-ycllow.
Recluz, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, ]). 10-t.
Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (on the reefs at low
water) ; Cuming.
This species when laid upon the aperture has, moi-e
than any other, the aspect of a Tnrhn, having externally
the typical form, sculpture, and marking of that genus.
Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita semikigosa. Ner. testa oblougn-globosd, solidd.
spird phiiin-rniiciiri!, apice r.rserld, inifnirl'dius liris
coiijcrlis iiilidi' yiiraliirr fiiiiiriditlis. iiprrlnrd iii-
crassntd id srrrald, ared cohimidUiri xvuiiriKjiisd, d,-n-
tatd; olivaceo-ciiiered, Jlammis ut/datis ro.iaceis el ui-
gris oblique iiebulatis, apice Inteo.
The half-wrinkled Nerite. Shell oblong-globose,
solid, spire flatly concave, with the apex exserted,
whorls neatly spirally corded witli close-set ridges,
aperture thickened and serrated, columellar area half-
wrinkled, toothed; olive-ash, obliquely clouded with
waved pink and black flames, apex yellow.
Reclu/,, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuviei ieiiui'. IsH, ]). 102.
Eadem var. Nerita Ql,e.n,i!:,i . IJ.vlnz.
Hab. Island of Tcrnate, Moluccas.
Distinguished by the neat regularity of its corded
ridges and oblifjuc flame-clouded colouring.
Nmra,?/. V.
0
^.
NEIUTA
Species 30. (Pig. IG, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Arabica. Ner. testa compresse glohosa, soUdd,
spird vix exsertd, anfractibus rotundatis, spiraliter
Uneari-sulcatis, siilcis superficiariis, aperturd incras-
said et tenuiserratd, area columellari verrucoso-rugosd
et dentatd ; olkaceo-mridi, rosea tinctd, pimctis et ma-
c/ilis nigris undique tesseUatd.
The Arabic Nekite. Shell compressly globose, solid,
spire scarcely exserted, whorls rounded, spirally li-
nearly grooved, grooves rather superficial, aperture
thickened and finely sen-ated, columellar area wart-
wrinkled and toothed ; olive-green, tinged with rose,
tessellated throughout with black dots and spots.
Hab. Aden, Arabia.
A compressly globose species, superficially linearly
grooved, of a rose-stained olivc-grcen hue, tessellated in
a characteristic manner with black dots and spots.
Species 21. (Fig. 17, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Neritinoides. Ner. testa ovaid, siibangustd,
solidd, sjjird leviter obtuse exsertd, anfractibus superne
concavo-declivibus, lavigatis, aperturd simplici, ared
columellari concavo-planatd, obsolete minute denticu-
latd ; intense nitente-atrd, ared columellari pallide
aurantid.
The Neritina-like Nerite. Shell ovate, rather nar-
row, solid, spire slightly obtusely exserted, whorls
concavcly slanting at the upper part, smooth, aper-
ture simple, columellar area concavcly flattened, ob-
solotely minutely toothed; intense shining black,
columellar area pale orange.
llab. ?
A smooth shining black species, partaking in a striking
manner of the characters of Neritimi.
Species 32. (Fig. 18, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita maxima. Ner. testd oblongd, couijjm.sil xnlidi!,
subcontcrtd, spird vix exsertd, anfruclilms sHji,riir
concavo-planatis, deinde rotmidatis, obsolcl!- xpinilili-r
lineari-sulcatd, lesvigntd, nitente, aperturd mcrassald
et tenuiserratd, ared columellari politd, dentatd ; nigro
et albo undato-nebulatd, nigro preevalente.
The very large Nerite. Shell oblong, compressed,
solid, somewhat twisted, spire scarcely exserted,
whorls concavcly flattened at the upper part, tlicn
rounded, obsoletely linearly spirally grooved, smootli,
shining, aperture thickened and finely serrated, colu-
mellar area polished, toothed; wave-clouded black
and white, the black predominating.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 287. pi 190. f. 1942,
194.3.
This fine species, though faintly linearly grooved, is
smootli and shining througiiout, clouded profusely with
waved black, so as almost to obscure tlie white.
Species 23. (Fig. 19, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita grisea. Ner. testd oblongo-ovatd, spird sube.v-
sertd, anfractibus superne concavo-impressis, deinde ro-
tundatis, dense spiraliter sulcatis, aperturd partim in-
crassatd, subserratd, ared columellari subobsolete cor-
rugato-Uratd, denticulatd ; albidd, griseo maculatd et
obscure trifascintd, apice pallide lutescente.
The grey Nerite. Shell oblong-ovate, spire slightly
exserted, whorls concavcly impressed round the upper
part, then rounded, closely spirally grooved, aperture
but little thickened, faintly serrated, columellar area
rather obsoletely wrinkle-ridged, toothed; whitish,
spotted and obscurely three-banded with grey, apex
pale yellow.
Hab. Island of Samar, Philippines ; Cuming.
The surface of this species, having a more or less eroded
appearance, is promiscuously spottctl and three-ljanded
with grey.
Species 24. (Fig. 20, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita picea. Ner. tesin ovalii, mliiliiisnihl, Nrritinrp-
formi, spird sube.rscrld, <iiiJ);irHiiiis .^/^/n-r/ir cniicKCO-
impressis, deinde ro//rt/(fii//.s, x/nm/i/i'r /n/niri-\ulni(/,s,
sulcis leviter umlulatis, aperturd vix iricrassatd, nitide
Viratci, area cohimelhtri plano-concavd, minute den-
tatd; Intense carnleo-alrd.
The pitchy Nerite. Shell ovate, rather solid, Neri-
tina- shaped, spire slightly exserted, whorls con-
eavely impressed round the upper part, then rounded,
spirally linearly grooved, grooves slightly waved,
apertnre scarcely thickened, neatly ridged, columellar
area flatly concave, minutely toothed ; deep blue-
black.
Eecluz, Kev. Zool. Soe. Cuvieriennc, 1841, p. 1.51.
Hah. Sandwich Islands.
This shell, of a dark blue-black, engraved throughout
with fine linear grooves, slightly waved, partakes very
much of the characters of NerUlna.
1855.
x^
Xmta.PI VI.
^
•rtv aj d. lull
'v^ncent Bro^
NERITA.
Species 25. (Tig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita atramentosa. Ner. testa semiglohosii, crassd,
solidd, spird vix exsertd, anfractihns convexis, siiban-
gustis, lavibus vel teniie spiraliter striatk, striis siib-
midwlatis, labro intics incrassato, dente imico, colu-
mella platio-concavd, margine niinuti denticulato ;
cceruleo-nigrd, punctk albidis spiraUtei- lentighiosd.
The inky Nerite. Shell semiglobose, thick, solid, spire
scarcely exserted, whorls convex, rather narrow,
smooth or finely spirally striated, strife being a little
waved, lip thickened inwardly, with a single tooth,
columella flatly couoave, minutely toothed at the
edge ; blue-black, spirally freckled with white dots.
Hah. Swan River, Australia ; Bacon.
A solid blue-black shell, spii-ally striated with slightly
waved lines of whitish punctures.
Species 26. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Hindsii. Ner. testd semiglobosd, solidd, spird
vix exsertd, mifractibus subangusiis, spiraliter costatis
et s/dcatis, labro intus dentato-lirato, columelld leviter
granulatd, margine minute deuticulatd; citiereo-grised,
costis nigro et alio promiseue articiilatis, apice lutes-
ceiite.
Hinds' Nerite. Shell semiglobose, solid, spire scarcely
exserted, whorls rather narrow, spirally ribbed and
grooved, lip dentately ridged within, columella
slightly granulated, miuutely toothed at the edge;
ash-grey, ribs promiscuously articulated with black
and white, apex yellowish.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 201.
Hah. Island of Panay, Philippines (under stones at low
water) ; Cuming.
A rather spirally ribbed grey shell, promiscuously ar-
ticulated with black and white, the black predominating,
with a characteristic yellow apex.
Species 27. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita histrio. Ner. testd ovato-semiglohosd, crassd,
spird concavo-plaud, vix exsertd, anfractihns angustis,
obsolete planicostatis, aperturd suheffusd, labro iiUiis
teuue denticulato, columelld dense callosd, politd, ob-
scure corrugatd, margine deniatd; griseo-albd, nigro
undique articidatd.
The HAULEauiN Nerite. Shell ovately semiglobose,
thick, spire concavely flattened, scarcely exserted,
whorls narrow, obsoletely flatly ribbed, aperture
rather eff'used, lip finely denticulated within, colu-
mella thickly callous, polished, obscurely wrinkled,
toothed at the edge ; greyish-white, articulated witii
black throughout.
LiNN^us, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1254.
Hah. Australia.
A solid superficially ribbed shell, articulated regularly
and tbronghout with black, with tlie whorls somewhat
pinched towards the apex and eft'uscd towards the aper-
ture.
Species 28. (I'ig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
N"erita balteata. Ner. testd ovato-snbglobosd, solidd,
spird declivi, vi.r exsertd, anfractihns suhangiistis, spi-
raliler tira/i.i, liris teiiiiihiix, fitniculatis, labro intus
ii/rrti.fsn/o, iiiiniiti linifo, cnlimii-Ud Imoigatd, superne
eorrngald, margine obsolete, deidiculatd; ccendescente-
nigrd, liris hie Ulic alho sparsini. articulatis.
The belted Nerite. Shell ovate -subglobose, solid,
spire slanting, scarcely exserted, whorls rather nar-
row, spirally ridged, ridges fine, corded, lip in-
wardly thickened, minutely ridged, columella smootli,
wrinkled at the upper part, obsoletely toothed at the
edge ; blue-black, ridges here and there sparingly
articulated with white.
Hah. ?
A dark blue-black shell, finely spirally corded through-
out, the cords being sparingly articulated here and there
with white.
Species 29. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Essingtoni. Ner. testd ohlongo-globosd, spird
sidiexsertd, anfractihns snperne concavo - inipres.iis,
delude conve.i:is, undique spiraliter lirat.o-funiculuti.\,
Inhro iiiluspariiiu i,ivrassi,tn.dnilihu>i lateral ilii's ,1m,.
hu.s, rolai.irlhl l,-r'iler cnrnn,ala, uianjine uciili' ,lr„l,-
culatd ; ciiu-reo-ynscd, iiigricaute obscure fascuild it
cariegatd, punctis albidis aspersd.
The Port Essington Nerite. Shell oblong-globose,
spire rather exserted, whorls concavely impressed at
the upper part, then convex, everywhere spirally
ridge-corded, lip but little thickened inwardly, with
two lateral teeth, columella faintly wrinkled, sharply
toothed at the edge ; ash-gTey, obscurely banded and
variegated with pale black, sprinkled with white dots.
Recluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. pi. 11. f 9.
Hab. Port Essington, Australia.
Of a grey ground-tint, s]n-inkled throughout with mi-
nute whitish dots, and obscurely banded with pale black.
August, 1855.
Nmui.VJM.
0
NERITA.
Species 30. ("Fig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita rE.EcoGNiTA. Ner. testa mihglobosd, spird vix
exsertd, anfractibtis dense spiralller costatk, coslis
crenulatu, labro iiitits subinerassato, lirato, columella
suiexcavatd, gramiUs perpauck, margine deiitatd ; al-
hidd,fiilco et nigra prof use maculatd, apice lii/esccu/e.
Tut. known Neeite. Shell subglobose, spire scarcely
cxserted, whorls closely spirally ribbed, ribs creiiu-
Inted, lip a little thickened inwardly, ridged, colu-
mella rather excavated, with a few granules, toothed
at the edge ; whitish, profusely spotted with black
and fulvous, apex yellowish.
(.'. B. Adams, MS. JIus. Cuming.
//„/,. ?
A very characteristic species, densely sculptured with
spiral crenulated ribs, mottled throughout with black and
fulvous-rust, the apex being of a yellowish tinge.
Species 31. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita scalpta. Ner. testd globosd, solidiusciild, spird
mbexsertd, anfractibtis lavibus, lineis impressis subdis-
tnniibns spiraliter incisis, labro intus lirato, columelld
granulatd, margine teniie denlatd ; nigra, lineis im-
pressis albidis, area columellari pallidissime lutes-
rente.
TuK SCEATCHED Nerite. Shell globose, rather solid,
spire somewhat exserted, whorls smooth, spirally en-
graved with rather distant impressed lines, lip ridged
within, columella granulated, finely toothed at the
edge ; black, impressed lines whitish, coluraellar area
faintly yellowish.
I[„l,, ?
.\ coal-black shell, well distinguished by its rather dis-
iant impressed whitish lines.
Species 33. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
.Vf.rita chloeostoma. Ner. testa subtrigono-globosd,
crassiusculd, spird concavo-impressd, anfractibus for-
titer spiraliter costatis, costis rotundatis, interstitiis
excavatis, interdum lira parvd intercurrente, labro in-
tus fortiter lirato, columelld concavd, profuse granu-
latd, margine tenue bidentatd ; fulm-alhidd, coslis
nigro tessellatis, ared columellari lufescente.
The yellow-modtu Nerite. Shell somewhat trian-
gularly globose, rather thick, spire concavely im-
pressed, whorls strongly spirally ribbed, ribs rounded,
interstices excavated, sometimes with a small ridge
running between, lip strongly ridged within, colu-
mella concave, profusely granuled, finely two-toothed
at the edge ; fulvous-white, ribs tessellated with
white, columellar area yellowish.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 603.
Ilab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Distinguished by the roundness of the ribs and hollowed
interstices, and by the thickly-set granules of the columella.
Species 33. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Geayana. Ner. testa ocato-globosd, spird snh-
exserld, anfractibus subangustis, spiraliter finiinilato-
liratis, liris suhtiliter crenulatis, labro intus subcre-
nulato, colmnelld tenue corrugatd, margine denticu-
latd; cinereo-grised, liris nigricantibus hie illic albi-
punctatis.
Gray's Nerite. Shell ovately globose, spire a little ex-
serted, whorls rather naiTow, spirally corded with
ridges, ridges finely crenulated, lip faintly crenulated
within, columella finely wrinkled, finely toothed at
the ridge ; ash-grey, ridges black, here and there
white-dotted.
Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1843, p. 200.
Hub. Province of Ilocos, Island of Luzon, Philippines ;
A dark grey species, spirally sculptured with black
cord-like ridges articulated here and there with white
dots.
Species 34. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita haustkum. Ner. testd ovato-globosd, spird vix
e.vsertd, anfractibus lemter liueari-sulcatis, labro intus
lirato, colunielld concavo-planatd, margine obsolete
denticulatd ; olivaceo-nigrd, lutescente-aJbo hie illic
iuterruptd, columelld pallidissime roseo-tiucid.
The scoop Nerite. Shell ovately globose, spire scarcely
exserted, whorls faintly linearly grooved, lip in-
wardly ridged, coliuuella concavely flattened, obso-
letely toothed at the edge; olive-black, here and
there interrupted with yeUowish-whitc, columella
faintly tinged with rose.
Hab. Eed Sea.
Distinguished by a rather contracted hollowed aperture,
the outer surface of the shell being olive-black, opening
out here and there on a yellowish-white ground.
AuKUst, 1855.
.yaila. PI. Yin.
0
M
m
^Sm
NERITA.
Plate YIII.
Species 35. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Senegalensis. Ner. iesfd semiglobosd, solidiiis-
culd, spird stihexsertd, anfractibtm spiraliter Uneari-
sulcaiis, suhcompresso-expanm, lahro inb(s leviter Vi-
rato, columelldplano-excavatd, ijrmmlatd et Indent atd ;
olivaced, interdmn faiciatd et varieijald, area columel-
lari medio aurantio tinetd.
The Senegal Nekite. Shell semiglobose, rather solid,
spire a little exserted, whorls spirally linearly grooved,
rather compressly expanded, lip faintly ridged with-
in, colnmella flatly exeavated, granulated and two-
toothed ; olive, sometimes banded and variegated,
columellar area orange-stained in the middle.
(iMELix, Syst. Nat. p. 3686.
Hab. Senegal.
This shell, distinguished among other characters by a
granulated orange stain on the columellar area, is not N.
alrata, as indicated by !M. Deshayes, but N. Seneguleum
of Gmelin, and Le Bunar of Adauson.
Species 36. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
NEraTA Listeki. Ner. tedd semiglobosd, spird siihex-
serld, anfractibus spiraliter liratis et costatis, aper-
tvrd mtblate expansd, labro iutii-s incrassato, teiiue cre-
nulato, columelld plano-excavatd, bidentatd ; intense
crtruleo-nigrd, costis punctis parvis albis Iiic illic no-
tatis.
Lister's Nerite. Shell semiglobose, spire rather ex-
serted, whorls spirally grooved and ribbed, aperture
rather broadly expanded, lip thickened inwardly,
finely crenulated, columella flatly excavated, two-
toothed ; deep blue-black, ribs here and there marked
with small white dots.
Eecluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 277.
Bab. West Indies.
A shilling bhie-black ribbed shell, sprinkled in a ver\'
characteristic manner on the ribs with a few white dots.
Species 37. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Savieana. Ner. testd globosd, crassissimd, spird
c'xsertd, anfractibus convexis, latiusculis, spiraliter ele-
vaio-striatis et liratis, labro intns valde incrassato,
dvntato et crenulato, columelld tumidimculd, granato-
corrugatd, et dentatd; cceruleo-Higrd, interdnm fulvo
obscure variegatd, intusfluvicante.
The Saviean Nerite. Shell globose, very thick, spire
exserted, whorls convex, rather broad, spirally cle-
vately striated and ridged, lip inwardly much thick-
ened, toothed and crenulated, columella somewhat
swollen, grauulately wrinkled and toothed ; blue-
black, sometimes faintly ftdvous-varicgated, interior
yellowish.
Eecluz, MS. Mus. Cuming.
Hah. New Ireland.
A swollen and very solid globular shell, grain-wrinkled
across the columellar area.
Species 38. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita ateo-pdrpueea. Ner. testd trigouo-semiglobosd,
spird minutd, plano-impres-id, anfractibus attgustis, ad
spiram compressis, ad aperturam late expansis, spira-
liter dense costatis et liratis, labro incrassato et late
effiiso, columelld plana, medio granatd, dentatd, su-
perne sinuatd ; atro-purpured, purpurascente-albo un-
dulatd, aperturdfulvd.
The dark purple Nekite. Shell angularly semiglo-
bose, spire very small, flatly impressed, whorls nar-
row, compressed at the spire, broadly expanded at
the aperture, spirally densely ribbed and ridged, lip
thickened and broadly effused, columella fiat, gra-
mded in the middle, toothed, sinuated at the upper
part ; dark purple, waved with purple-white, aper-
ture fulvous.
Eecluz, Eev. Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, ISll, p. 107.
Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines ; Cuming.
A very characteristic pinched shell, stained with intense
purple, broken up over the spire into pale wave streaks.
Species 39. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita bisecta. Ner. testa snbglobosd, snbexpansn, spird
non exsertd, anfractibus convexis, spiraliter costatis,
costis regularibus, subdistantibus, sulco undique bi-
sectis, labro intus effuso, minute crenulato, columelld
pland, vix denticulatd ; caruleo-nigrd, area colutnel-
lari vitellind, nitente.
The divided Nerite. Shell subglobose, rather ex-
panded, spu-e not exserted, whorls convex, spirally
ribbed, ribs regular, rather distant, divided through-
out by a groove, lip effused within, minutely crenu-
lated, columella fiat, scarcely toothed ; blue-black,
columellar area yelk-yellow, shining.
Hab. West Africa ; Fraser.
Curiously spirally sculptured with a regular series of
ribs, each of which is divided by a linear groove. The
columellar area is of a shining yelk-yellow.
August, 1855.
#
-^.
■A
i
Xrrila n.a
"Sm^^ ^A <■:>■ IrJi
'■'incent Brooks Imp
NERITA.
Plate IX.
Species 40. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.)
Xeiuta gemml'lata. Ner. testa ovato-semiglobosd, teinii-
culd, spird subexsertd, apice mucronatd, anfractibus
convexis, spiraliter Ihieari-Urntis, Uris creuidato-gi'M-
matis, coliwielld piano - excavatd, margiiif iiitegro ;
griseo-albidd, Uris c<sride.o-nigro et opaco-albo teniii
articulatis, apice lutescente.
The gemmed Neeite. Shell ovately semiglobose, rather
thin, spire slightly exserted, sharp-pointed at the
apex, whorls convex, spirally linearly ridged, ridges
crenulately gemmed, columella flatly excavated, with
the margin entire ; greyish-white, ridges finely arti-
culated throughout with blue-black and opake-white,
apex yellowish.
llnb.
shell of light substance with elegantly crenulated
», articulated with blue-black and opake-white.
Species 41. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Xehita fragcm. Ner. testd glohom, spird vix exsertd,
anfractibus rotundatis, spiraliter teuui confertini cos-
taid, lahro intus incrassato, tenue lirato, colmnelld de-
cUvi-excavatd, granatd et corrugatd ; ccsruleo-tiiyrd,
sirigis perpaitcis liiteis erosis iiotaid, arm columdlari
sanguineo-tinctd.
The ste.^wberey Neeite. Shell globose, spire scarcely
exserted, whorls rounded, spirally finely closely rib-
bed, lip thickened inwardly, finely ridged, columella
slantingly excavated, grained and wrinkled; blue-
black, marked with a few yellowish eroded streaks,
coluraellar area stained with a blood spot.
Hab. ?
Chiefly distinguished by a characteristic blood spot on
the granulated area of the columella.
Species 43. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita plicata. Ner. testd globosd, solidd, spird de-
clivi-exsertd, apice iiineronutd, aiifractibns convexis,
spiraliter costuln-prirnlis, mlerstitiis excavatis, labro
intus incrassato, (inipldrr drntalo et lirato, colmnelld
tumidd, verrucoso-corrugatd, et dentatd ; albidd, ma-
c/ilis nigris et olivaceis interdum fasciatd.
The pleated Neeite. Shell globose, solid, spire slant-
ingly exserted, pointed at the apex, whorls convex,
spirally rib-pleated, interstices excavated, lip thick-
ened inwardly, largely toothed and ridged, columella
swollen, wart-wrinkled, and toothed ; whitish, some-
times banded with black and olive spots.
LiNN^us, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.) p. 779.
Hab. West Indies.
A very characteristic species, of Monodonta-liks form,
remarkable for its strong development of ribs, teeth, and
wart-wrinkles.
Species 43. (Fig. o, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita tessellata. Ner. testd ovato-subglobosd, spird
pariini exsertd, anfractibus convexis, fortiter spiraliter
costatis, costis irregularibus, confertis, snperne angu-
latis, labro intus tentie crenulato, colmnelld plano-ex-
caeatd, tenue granulatd, margine arcuatd ; caruleo-
nigro el albo undique tessellald.
The tessellated Neeite. Shell ovately subglobose,
spire slightly exserted, whorls convex, strongly spi-
rally ribbed, ribs irregular, close-set, and at the upper
part angled, lip faintly crenulated within, columella
flatly excavated, finely granuled, arched at the edge ;
everywhere tessellated blue-black and white.
Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3685.
Le Tadin, Adanson.
Hab. Senegal.
Encircled throughout with close-set strongly tessellated
ribs, which towards the spire are broader and augulated.
August, 185
Jry/Vw./y X
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NERITA.
Species 44. (Pig. n, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita signata. Ner. tesid dejn-esw-semiglobosd, sjiini
sitliexsertd, sed impressd, anfractibus superiie coiicnrii-,
deinde convexis, spiraliter costatis et strlalis, costis
striisqne nodidatis et tetme crenulatis, aperturd sub-
expansd, columella plano-excavatd, verrucoso-corni-
gatd, tentte denticulatd ; ceerulesceiite-albd, costis stri-
isqne caruleo-ni(ji-o et fidoo-roseo temdler articulafis,
ared colmnellari sangvineo-iinctd.
The makked Nerite. Shell depressly semiglobose, spire
a little exserted but impressed, whorls concave round
the upper part, then convex, spirally ribbed and stri-
ated, ribs and striiE noduled and finely crenulateil,
aperture rather expanded, columella flatly excavated,
wart-wrinkled, finely toothed ; bluish-white, ribs and
stria3 finely articulated with blue-black and fulvous-
rose, coluraellar area blood-stained.
Macleay, Lamarck, Anim. saus vert. vol. vii. p. (ilO.
Hab. New Holland ; Macleay. Island of Jlasbate, I'hi-
lippines; Cuming.
A very beautifully sculptured and prettily painted ^w-
cies, with a deep blood-stain on the columellar area.
Fig-. 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
This shell, from the IMauritius, proves to be a variety
of N. bisecta from West Africa, described at Plate Vlll.
Sp. 39, without the bright yellow columella which distiu-
ffuishes that variety.
Species 46. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita oryzarum. Ner. tesid globosd, solidiuscidd, spird
obtmd, paruni exsertd, anfractibus convexis, interdiim
leviter liratis, interdum retuse costatis, labro iiitu.t iii-
crassato, et lirato, columella corrugatd et grnnulald,
tentte denticulatd; nigricante-olivaced, macidis albin
subdistantibus pecidiariier variegatd et tessellatd.
The rice-marked Nerite. Shell globose, rather solid,
spire obtuse, but little exserted, whorls convex, some-
times faintly ridged, and sometimes bluntly ribbed,
lip thickened inwardly and ridged, columella wrinkled
and granuled, faintly toothed ; blackish-olive, pecu-
liarly mottled and tessellated with distant white
spots.
Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 178.
llab. Bombay and Slalacca.
Of this characteristic white-mottled species, Mr. Cuming
possesses a ribbed variety from Malacca, and a variety in
which the ribs are almost obsolete from Bombay.
Species 47. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita oleagina. Ner. testd ovato-globosd, spird ex-
sertd, miicronntd, anfractibus convexis, spiraliter ele-
vato-striatis, labro iiitus incrassato, vix crennlato,
deute miico laterali, columelld couvexiusculd, promk-
cue verrucoso-corrtigatd, fortiter denlatd ; nigricante-
olivaced, interdum nigro-fastiatd, maculis albidis mi-
daiis nigro-umbratis oblique variegatd.
The olive Nerite. Shell ovately globose, spire ex-
serted, pointed, whorls convex, spirally elevately
striated, lip thickened inwardly, scarcely crenulated,
with a single lateral tooth, columella rather convex,
promiscuously wart - wrinkled, strongly toothed ;
blackish-olive, sometimes banded with black, ob-
liquely mottled with black-shaded waved white spots.
Hub. "?
Slightly resembling the preceding species in its peculiar
style of painting, but distinct in form and sculpture.
Species 48. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita filosa. Ner. testd globoso-turbinatd, spird ex-
sertd, iiiiicronatd, anfractibus superne decliribiis, deinde
convexis, /iris minute bi^ectis spiraliter filosis, labro
inl/fs incrassato, minute crenulato, dente laterali acuta
utrinque arniato, columelld Iwvigatd, denticulatd ; fer-
rngineo-spadiced, liris eximie ceBruleo-nigricantibus.
The threaded Nerite. Shell globosely turbinated,
spire exserted, sharp-pointed, whorls slanting at the
upper part, then convex, spirally threaded with mi-
nutely divided ridges, lip inwardly thickened, mi-
nutely crenulated, with a sharp lateral tooth on each
side, columella smooth, finely toothed ; rusty fawn-
colour, ridges delicately blue-black.
Ihb. ?
An extremely delicate and neatly sculptured species,
being encircled with dark thread-like ribs, which are
nevertheless minutely bisected by a groove, upon a rust-
fawn ground.
ymia ri.xi.
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^
NERITA,
Species 49. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita aurantia. Ner. testa semiglobosd, soUdiuscidd,
spird parvd, exscrtd, miicniintd, mifractibus convens,
spiraliter coiifertim /ini/i\, iiiterstitiis regulariter con-
cavis, labro in/iis miilto uicrassato, effuso, niinufe cre-
iiulato, dentibus diiobiis lateraUbus, cohtmelld subcon-
vexd, subobsolete corriigald, fortiter dentatd ; rufo-
auratttld, Uris liic illic niyncante tindatis.
The orange Nerite. Shell seraiglobose, rather solid,
spire small, exserted, sharp-pointed, whorls convex,
spirally closely ridged, interstices regularly concave,
lip much thickened interiorly, effused, minutely cre-
n dated with two lateral teeth, columella slightly
convex, rather obsoletely wrinkled, strongly toothed ;
reddish-orange, ridges here and there waved with
black.
Kecluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. pi. 11. f. 11.
Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming.
Distinguished by its small pointed spire, and very re-
gular series of close-set spiral ridges, faintly waved with
black upon a rich reddish-orange ground.
Species 50. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita fdliginata. Ner. tedd ovato-semiglobosd, spira
iubexsertd, anfractlbus convexis, spiralUer dense li-
neari-siclcatis, columella plano-excavatd, feniie denti-
culatd; earned, lineis riifis widulatis confert'm varie-
gatd, intense nigro m/diqne pins minus iniininatd.
The sooty Nerite. Shell ovately semiglobose, spire
rather exserted, whorls convex, spirally densely li-
nearly grooved, columella flatly excavated, finely
toothed ; flesh-tinged, variegated with waved red lines,
close-set, more or less smeared over with inky-black.
Ilab. ?
A peculiarly red-waved shell, almost entirely besmeared
with inky-black.
Species 51. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita fulgurans. Ner. testa globosd, crassd, spird
plano-depressd, anfractibus convexis, dense spiraliler
Uratis, Uris obsolete cremilatis, interstltiis linearibus,
labro intus fortiter crenato, dentibus duobiis laterali-
bus utrinqne armato, columelld gramdatd, tenue denti-
culatd; carulescente-albd, ccendeo-iiigro profuse un-
dato-variegatd.
The lightning-marked Nerite. Shell globose, thick,
spire flatly depressed, whorls convex, densely spi-
rally ridged, ridges obsoletely crenulated, interstices
linear, lip strongly crenated within, with two lateral
teeth on each side, columella granulated, faintly
toothed; bluish-white, profusely wave -variegated
with blue-black.
Gmelin, Syst. Nat.
Hab. Honduras (on the rocks) ; Dyson.
Very characteristic both in sculpture and painting, the
whorls Ijeing marked throughout with regular ridges, so
close-set, that the interstices between them are merely
linear ; the painting consists of a promiscuous splasliing
of deep indigo upon a blue-white ground.
Species 52. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Longii. Ner. testa globosd, solidd, spird sitbex-
sertd, anfractibus concavo-deelivibus, deinde convexis,
spiraUter Vmeari-sulcatis, interstitiis convexo-planatis,
labro intus crenulato, dente valido laterali, columelld
verrncoso-corrngatd, dentatd; lutescente-albd, olivaceo-
viridi tinctd, pnrpureo-nigro nebulatd et articulatd.
Long's Nerite. Shell globose, solid, spire slightly ex-
serted, whorls concavely slanting at the upper part,
then convex, spirally linearly grooved throughout, in-
terstices convexly flattened, lip crenulated within,
with a strong lateral tooth, columella wart-wrinkled,
toothed; yellowish-white, stained with olive-green,
clouded and articulated with puqjle-black.
Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1842, p. 178.
Hab. Bombay.
A solid shell, of pale greenish hue, much darkened with
clouded purple-black articulated blotches.
Species 53. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Argus. Ner. testd semiglobosd, depressiusculd,
spird pland, fere obsoletd, anfractibus angustis, deinde
lalioribus, expansis, svperne et inferne lineari-sulcatis,
medio lavigatis, columelld plano-concavd, tenne granu-
latd, minute denticnlatd ; intense caruleo-nigrd, punc-
tis albidis obsolete lentiginosd.
The Argus Nerite. Shell semiglobose, rather de-
pressed, spire flat, almost obsolete, whorls nan'ow,
then broader and expanded, above and below linearly
grooved, smooth in the middle, columella flatly con-
cave, finely granulated, minutely toothed ; dark blue-
black, obsoletely speckled with white dots.
Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne 1841, p. 150.
Hab. Island of JIasbate, Philippines ; Cuming. Fernando
Po, West Africa ; Fraser.
The speckling of white dots, which has suggested the
name of this species, is somewhat indistinctly portrayed.
August, 1855.
Sam. ri. XII.
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NERITA.
Plate XII.
Species 54. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita erdbescens. Ner. testa glohoso-ti(rblnatd,crassd,
spird prominuld, aiifractibiis eonvexis, spiraliter lira-
tis et striatis, labi-o derde acuto laterali, columelld le-
viter corriigatd et dentatd; pallide riifd, aut carneo-
albd, punctk rufescentibus aspersd etfa-wiatd.
The blushing Nerite. Shell globosely turbinated,
thick, spire prominent, whorls convex, spirally ridged
and striated, lip with a sharp lateral tooth, columella
faintly wrinkled and toothed ; ])ale red, or flesh-
white, sprinkled and banded with reddisli dots.
Hab.—->
A solid shell, stained with pale bright red or sprinkled
with pinkish dots, having somewhat the appearance of a
LUtoriiia.
Fig. 55. (Mus. Cuming.)
The shell here figured proves to be an immature speci-
men of N. bi-secia, described at Plate VIII. Sp. 39, but it
is important to note that the ribs are more prominently
developed and more distinctly bisected.
Species 5G. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita versicolor. Ner. testd ovato-globom, crassd,
■ipird subexsertd, anfractibits superne declivi-depressis,
deinde cotivexk, spiraliter costatis, interstitiis inter-
dum sitperficiariis, interdum excavatis, colunielld tu-
midd et corrugatd, fortiter dentatd; albidd, macdk
nigrk et rosek plus mimis fasciatd et tessellatd, hiter-
diim oinnino interrnpte grkm-nigrd.
The vaki-coloured Nerite. Shell ovately globose,
thick, spire rather exserted, whorls slantingly de-
pressed round the upper part, then convex, spirally
ribbed, interstices sometimes superficial, sometime.-;
excavated, columella swollen and wrinkled, strongly
toothed ; whitish, more or less banded and tessel-
lated with black and pink spots, ^sometimes alto-
gether interrupted grey-black.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 006.
Hub. West Indies.
This species varies in being more banded with piiik
spots than in the specimens here represented.
Species 57. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Bernharui. JSier. testd seiuiglobosd, subdepres-id,
spird obtuse planatd, anfractibus couvexk, subcuin-
pressk, versus aperturam expansk, spiraliter dense
lirntis, liris obscure cremdatis, labro efftiso, forlitrr
crenato et dentato, columelld plano-excavoM, grunu-
latd, vix denticnlatd ; nigra, virescente aut pimclix
httescentibus variegatd.
Bernhard's Nerite. Shell semiglobose, rather de-
pressed, spire obtusely flattened, whorls convex, sub-
compressed, expanded towards the aperture, spirally
closely ridged, ridges obscurely crenulated, lip i-l-
fused, strongly crenated and toothed, columella flatly
excavated, granulated, scarcely toothed ; black, varie-
gated with pale green, or yellowish dots.
Recluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. p. 385.
Hai. Peru.
A small depressly globose shell, with expanded aper-
ture and granulated columella, strongly toothed williiii
the lip.
August, 1855.
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N E R I T A.
Species 58. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuiniu;;.)
Nr.RiTA Orbignyana. Ner. testa ohlongo-ovaid, spird
obtuse plmiatd, anfractibim siibangustis, concentrice
striatis, labro tenuiculo, cojumclld pla)in-oxcavatd,
medio obsolete corrngatd; semiiiiAliinitft-iilhd, pnnclis
ctBruleo-nigris, in strigis aciile uiiiiulix, ujiuco-nlljo
margiiiatis, dispositis, promiscite iiota/d.
Orisigny's Neeite. Shell oblong-ovate, spire obtusely
flattened, whorls rather narrow, concentrically stri-
ated, lip rather thin, columella flatly excavated, ob-
soletely wrinkled in the middle ; semitransparent-
white, promiscuously marked with blue-black dots,
disposed in zigzag waves, edged with opake-white.
Recluz, Ecvue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 18-11, p. 108.
Ifab. ?
A shell of rather light and narrow structure, marked
with characteristic zigzag waves of opakc-white, promis-
cuously charged with blue-black dots.
Species 59. (Tig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Nov.E-GuiNEiE. Ner. testa semiglobosd, de-
pix'ssa, spird parum exsertd, mucronatd, anfractibus
convexis, versus aperturaw, expansis, spiraliter confcr-
tim Jiloso-liratis, columella late corrugatd, dentatd ;
caruleo-niyrd, Urarum interstitiis pallidioribus.
The New Guinea Neeite. Shell semiglobose, depressed,
spire but little exserted, pointed, whorls convex, ex-
panded towards the aperture, spirally closely thread-
ribbed, columella broadly wi-inkled, toothed; blue-
black, interstices between the ridges lighter.
Lesson, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. p. 383.
Hnb. New Guinea.
Of a dark unspotted blue-black colour, encircled with
regular thread-like ridges.
Species CO. (Fig. a, //, c, d, Mus. Cuming.)
Neeita STELLA. Ner. testa subglobosd, crassd, spird pa-
rmn e.vsertd, obtusd, anfractibus convexis, .spiraliter
costatis, costis irregiilnriliKs, intcrduui obtuse angiilatis,
labro inlits fnrtiler rreiiain, a,Im,,vlld .jra.iulata, ,M-
UHte ob.solele de,tl„;,l,ild ■ alhnld, nifo id cireseeiite
variegatd, olivaceo-nigro radiatd et reticulata.
The STAR Neeite. Shell subglobose, thick, spire but
little exserted, obtuse, whorls convex, spirally ribbed,
ribs irregular, sometimes obtusely angled, lip strongly
crenated within, columella granulated, minutely ob-
soletely toothed ; whitish, variegated with green and
red, rayed and reticulated with olive-black.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. pi. 197. f. 1907, 1908.
Ilab. Philippines.
A beautifully painted species, named after the star-like
pattern which is sometimes formed on the spire by the
dark radiating blotches.
Species Gl. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Neeita albipunctata. Ner. testa ovato-semiglobosd,
spird .mbexsertd, obtusd, anfractibus augmtis, superne
concavo-depre.ms, spiraliter liratis, liris rude crenu-
latis, iuters/i/iis piiiicldlis. cohi„i(dld pinno-excavatd,
spar.um (jnuiiihild. olimdrle hiiniilissiiiie deuticulatd ;
crcruleo-iiigrd, Ururuni iiilerstilds albipnitctutis.
The white-pun ctueed Neeite. SheD ovately semi-
globose, spire rather exserted, obtuse, whorls narrow,
concavely depressed at the upper part, spirally ridged,
ridges rudely crenulated, interstices punctured, colu-
mella flatly excavated, sparingly granidated, obso-
letely very minutely toothed ; blue-black, interstices
between the ridges white dotted.
Unb. ?
A dark blue-black spirally ridged shell, marked be-
tween the ridges with white-eroded punctures.
August, 1855.
Nmta.PI. UV.
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NERITA.
Plate XIV.
Species 62. (Fig. a to /■, Mus. Cuming.)
Neuita Rumphii. Ner. testa oblongo-globosd, crasdus-
culli, politd, spird oltiise impressd, aiifmctibus siihan-
gristis, convexis, concentrice striatis, labro intus in-
crassato, vix cremdato, columella concavo-pland, in-
terdmn paucis gramdis, minute denticulatd, dentibus
interdmn obsoletis ; colore varid.
lluMPHius' Nerite. Shell oblong-globose, rather thick,
polished, spii'e obtusely impressed, whorls rather
narrow, convex, concentrically striated, lip thickened
inwardly, scarcely crenulated, columella concavely
flattened, sometimes with a few granules, minutely
toothed, teeth sometimes obsolete ; colour various.
Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 147.
Neriia poUta pars, Chemnitz.
Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
So extremely variable is this species in its painting, that
it has been thought necessary to devote a plate to a selec-
tion of its most characteristic states. Fig. a, a uniform
bright orange ; fig. i, ivory-white, with a broad band of
interrupted dark ash-black blotches ; fig. c, encircled with
three rose bands upon a greyish-white ground, sprinkled
with minute black and white dots ; fig. d, sprinkled with
Ijlack white-splashed dots upon an olive-grey ground ;
fig. (', encircled with four bright orange bands, sprinkled
with black dots upon a bright green ground ; fig./i clouded
with crimson bauds and blotches upon a dark oliv^-gi-ey
ground, freckled in the interstices with black dots, here
and there splashed with white; fig. ^, grey and white,
freckled with broad interrupted bands of light orange-
fawn blotches ; fig. h, flesh-pink, encircled with yeUowish-
white stripes ; fig. /', dark grey, freckled with black and
white-splashed dots, encircled round the middle with a
light band ; fig. k, regularly encircled with broad equal
clearly defined l)ands of black and white.
AuOTst, 1855.
Xrrilu.l'L XW
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V;yi>.e:it. Srooks Imp
NERITA.
Plate XV.
Species 63. (Fig. a to/, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita sauAMULATA. Nat. tedd mborbicnlari, late dc-
pressd, spird obtiixe pJatiatd, avfractihiis convexis, ver-
sm aperturam lafi expands, dense spiraliter liratd,
liris irregnlarihus, plus mimis squamulatis, labro am-
pliter effiiso, iritus crenato, colnmelld concavd, medio
tenue granulatd, minute denticulatd; colore varid.
The SCALY Nekite. Shell suborbicular, broadly de-
pressed, spire obtusely flattened, whorls convex,
broadly expanded towards the aperture, densely spi-
rally ridged, ridges in-egular, more or less scaly, lip
largely eff'used, crenated within, columella concave,
finely granulated in the middle, miiuitely toothed ;
colour various.
l^E GriLLOU, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvicrienne.
Hah. Philippine Islands and Singapore ; Cuming.
An interesting species, well characterized by its broadly
eft'used aperture and pinched spire, and scaly sculpture.
In colour it is almost as variable as the species of the pre-
ceding plate. Fig. a, a bright uniform crimson-orange ;
fig. i, c, an orange-yellow, broadly splashed and wave-
clouded with black ; fig. d, e, opakc-white, very delicately
obliquely wave-sprinkled with minute grey dots; fig./,
pink, with the ridges conspicuously picked out in white,
encircled with three bands of open black network.
Species 64. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekita albicilla. Ner. testa subtrigono-ovatd, depres-
sissimd, spird obtuse pland, fere obsoktd, anfractibus
angustis, versus aperturam- gradathn expansis, spira-
liter costatis, costis confertis, plus minus obtusis, in-
terdum obsoletis, labro late effuso, ititus multo incras-
sato, vix erenulato, ared colnmellari ampld, undique
granulatd, mimitissime denticulatd ; colore varid.
The ox-palate Nekite. Shell somewhat triangularly
ovate, very depressed, spire obtusely flattened, almost
obsolete, whorls narrow, gradually expanded towards
the aperture, spirally ribbed, ribs close-set, more or
less obtuse, and sometimes obsolete, Up broadly ef-
fused, much thickened inwardly, scarcely erenidated,
columellar area large, granulated throughout, very
minutely toothed ; colour various.
LiNNiEUs, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.) p. 778.
Ilah. Philippine Islands and Mauritius ; Cuming.
This species is well distinguished from all others by its
very depressed oblong-ovate form, and narrow pinched
spire, the columellar area being unusually large and pro-
fusely granulated. In colour it is extremely variable ;
fig. a, d, a dark purple-black, freckled and clouded with
greyish-white ; fig. b, c, a brilliant crimson-orange, banded
with a light sprinkling of irregular grey-black dots.
August, 1855.
.V< /•//./ .PI.MJ.
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NERITA.
Plate XYI.
Species 65. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita vesillum. Ner. testa ovatd, spird suiexsertd,
anfradiLiis rotundatis, jvxta siituram impressis, spi-
raliter regtdariter liratis, columelld concavo-pland,
acute denticulatd ; fascik latis nigris et luieis ciugii-
latd, nigra luteo-pimctato.
The flag Neeite. Shell ovate, spire rather exserted,
whorls rounded, impressed next the suture, spirally
regularly ridged, columella concavely flattened, sharply
toothed; encircled with broad black and yellow bands,
the black yellow-dotted.
Ha/j. ?
Encircled in a very characteristic niamier with broad
black and yellow bands, the black bauds Ijeiug interriiptctl
with yellow dots.
Species 66. (Fig. a, It, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerit.a NivosA. Ner. testa ovatd, spird subexsertd, an-
fractibus jttxta spiram decUvi&us, deinde convexis, spi-
raliter impressis et lineari-sulcaiis, siilcis valde irre-
gularibtis, labro intns suhincrassato, dente miico la-
terali, columelld declivi, obsolete corrugatd, denfafd ;
hitense caruleo-viridi, albo sparsim nebulatd.
The sxowy Neeite. Shell ovate, spire rather exsertcd,
whorls slanting next the spii'e, then convex, spirally
ridged and linearly grooved, grooves very irregular,
lip slightly thickened inwardly, with a single lateral
tooth, columella slanting, obsoletely wrinkled, toothed ;
dark blue-green, sparingly clouded with white.
Ilab. ?
A very dark green shell, sparingly and somewhat ob-
scurely clouded with white spots or small blotches.
Species G7. (Fig. (?, A, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita marmorata. Ner. testa orbiculari-depressd,
crassiusculd, spird obtuse impressd, anfractibus con-
vexis, versus aperturam latis, irregulariter spiraliter
liratis et Uneari-sulcatis, aperlnrd e.rpansd, labro ef-
fuso, columelld decliri, iiitrr^'r..i i./iii/ite denticulatd;
carulesceiite-albd, ccpndeo-nigro sparsim. marmorata.
The marbled Nebite. Shell orbicularly depressed,
rather thick, spu'e obtusely impressed, whorls con-
vex, broad towards the aperture, irregularly spirally
ridged, and linearly grooved, aperture expanded,
lip effused, columella slanting, sometimes minutely
toothed ; bluish-white, sparingly mottled with blue-
black.
Hab. ?
A veiy characteristic broadly expanded species, with
the spire impressly flattened, mottled here and there in
obscure bands with blue-blaek upon a bluish-white gi'ound.
Species 68. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita acuatina. Ner. testa ovatd, spird subexsertd,
anfractibus angustis, convexis, versus aperturam- lati-
oribus. iiiipmse lineari-sulcatis, sidcis valde irregula-
rib/is. hihro iiiliis lirato, cohmdld declivi, obsolete
gniiinhilti, ih'iitutd; carbonario-ttigrd, nitente, -mlcis
liiwaribii-i pallidis.
The agate Nerite. Shell ovate, spire slightly exserted,
whorls narrow, convex, broader towards the aperture,
impressly linearly grooved, grooves very inegular, lip
ridged within, columella slanting, obsoletely gi-anuled,
toothed ; coal-black, shining, with the linear grooves
pale.
Hab. ?
A characteristic shining coal-black shell, encircled at
very irregular intervals with pale impressed linear grooves.
Species 69. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Neritopsoides. Ner. testa ovatu-liirhinuta.
spird exsertd, mncronatd, anfractibus rotundatis, con-
spicue dense spiraliter liratis, labro intiis iiicrussuto,
minute crenulato, dente minute laterali, columelld tu-
midiusculd, oblique corrugatd, fortiter dentatd; pallide
stramincd.
The Neritopsis-like Nerite. Shell ovately turbinated,
spire exserted, pointed, whorls rounded, conspicu-
ously closely spirally ridged, lip thickened within,
minutely crenulated, with a minute lateral tooth, co-
lumella rather swollen, obliquely wrinkled, strongly
toothed ; pale straw-colour.
Hab. ?
A solid turbinated species, very closely spii-ally ridged,
of a pale straw-colour, reminding one somewhat of a Neri-
topsis.
yvTiia.ri.m.
^■'^%-BS^
Vmoffll Broob imp
NERITA.
Plate XVII.
Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.)
Neeita electrina. Ner. fedd suborhicidari, (Jt']iremi!,
spird siibexsertd, uucronaid, anfracfibiin coiiccxis, deiiii:
spiraliter liratis, interstitvis obsolete pvnduratis, colu-
melld temie clenticnlatd ; lutesceHte-aurmitia, imma-
culatd.
The amber Nekite. Shell suborbicular, depressed, spire
slightly exserted, pointed, whorls couvex, densely
spirally ridged, interstices obsoletely punctured, co-
lumella finely toothed ; yellowish-orange, unspotted.
Hab. Isle of Panay, Philippines ; Cuming.
A delicate clear orange-yellow shell, closely spirally
ridged throughout, the interstices between the ridges
being obsoletely punctured.
Species 71. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Dombeyi. Ner. testa suborbieulari, spird obfnsii
planatd, arifractibus angustis, deinde laiioribns, dense
spiraliter liratis, liris Unearibus, valde irregnlarihus,
apertitrd effusd, colmnelld concavo-excavatd, medio
grannlatd, edentidatd ; ccerulescenfe-plmnbed.
Dombey's Nerite. Shell somewhat orbicular, spire ob-
tusely flattened, whorls narrow, then broader, densely
spirally ridged, ridges linear, very in-egular, aperture
effused, columella concavely excavated, granulated in
the middle, edentulate ; bluish lead-colour.
Kecluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1841, p. 1 1'J.
Hab. Bombay.
A dull slate-coloured species, witli a rather broad ef-
fused aperture, having the columellar area gently excavated
and granulated in the middle.
Species 72. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita co>rMA-NOTATA. Ner. testa ovatd, spird obtuse
exsertd, aiij'ractibns subaiigustis, superiie declicibi/s,
spiraliter dense liratis et sidcatis, colnmelld lievigatd,
leviter denticulatd ; Cferuleo-nigrd, punctis albis coin-
maformibus aspersd.
The comma-marked Nerite. Shell ovate, spire ob-
tusely exserted, whorls rather narrow, slanting at the
upper part, spirally closely ridged and grooved, colu-
mella smooth, slightly toothed ; blue-black, spriukled
witli white comma-shaped marks.
Hab. ?
An extremely characteristic species, of dark bkie-black
colour, sprinkled throughout with opake-white comma-
shaped dots.
Species 73. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Spexgleriana. Ner. testa orbicidari-ovutd,
crassiiiscidd, spird siibexsertd, mticronatd, anfractibns
cotirexis, spiraliter obsolete liratis, decitssatim striatis,
aperiv.rd efj'usd, colmnelld callosd, edentidatd ; liites-
cente-albd, nigro ititerrupte fasciatd.
Spexgler's Nerite. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather
thick, spire slightly exserted, pointed, whorls convex,
spirally obsoletely ridged, decussately striated, aper-
ture effused, columella callous, edentulate ; yellowish-
white, interruptedly banded with black.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 301.
Hab. Isle of Panay, Philippines (under stones at low
water); Cuming.
Nearly smooth, with a callous effused eiientulate aper-
ture, stained in a very interrupted manner with a smeary
black band.
Species 74. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerit.a Georgina. Ner. iestd ovatd, depressiusmdd, spird
plimo-iiiipressd, pand, miicronatd, avfractibus suban-
giistis, .Hpiralilcr coxlnlix, co.sl/s tenidbus, subdistanti-
biis, iiiter.di/ii'< >:lriis cinicnilricis dense cancellatis,
area cohiiiiclhiri iii,iplii, hrrigidd, edentidatd ; sordide
rosc'o-lutesvente, nigro tessellatd.
The George Nerite. Shell ovate, rather depressed,
spire flatly impressed, small, pointed, whorls rather
narrow, spirally ribbed, ribs thin, rather distant, in-
terstices densely cancellated with concentric striae, co-
lumellar area large, smooth, edentulate ; dull pinkish-
yellow, tessellated with black.
Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1841, p. 180.
llab. King George's Island.
A light rather depressed shell, sculptured with thin
rather distant ribs, having the interstices densely latticed
witli crossed stria;.
NEKITA.— Plate XVII,
Species 75. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.)
Nerita eingens. Ner. testa glohosd, parvd, solidd, spird
leviter exsei'td, anfractibus rotundatis, spiraliter regu-
lariter cosiatis, labro et columella fortudnie denta-
tis, area columellari tumidd et corrugatd ; intense
plumbed.
The grinning Nerite. Shell globose, small, solid, spire
slightly exserted, whorls rouuded, spii-ally regularly
ribbed, lip and columella very strongly toothed, co-
lumeUar area swoUeu and wrinkled ; dark lead-
colour.
Tlab. ?
A small globose pea-Uke shell, distinguished by the
strongly developed teeth of the lip and columella.
Smid ,P{.JU1I.
#
Zc-.-.'vssj del el lith
NERITA,
Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerit.\ BiiLLULA. Ner. testa, ovatd, spird obtiisd, vtj-
exsertd, anfmctibns suhangttstU, lavibus vel spiraUter
striafis, columella excmato-pland, subnngiistd, tcnnis-
sime obsolete dentieulatd ; carbonario-nigrd.
The bubble Nekite. Shell ovate, spire obtuse, scarcely
exserted, whorls rather narrow, smooth or spirally
striated, columella excavately flattened, rather nar-
row, finely obsoletely toothed ; coal-black.
Hah. ?
.\ small .shining black species, with the whorls rather
nan'ow, and the spire slightly slantingly exserted.
Species 77. (Fig- ", 4, Mns. Cuming.)
Nekita genuana. Ner. testa orbiculari-ovatd, icpres-
siusciiJu, spird impresso-pland, anfractiius subangustis,
versus aperturam lat'wribus, spiraliter temdliratis,
labro iiitus fortiter crenato, columelld declim-excavatu,
profuse grawulatd, edentulatd; intense nigra, soiiis
duabits latis luleis atd roseis ciugulatd.
The gartered Nerite. Shell orbicidarly ovate, rather
depressed, spire impressly flattened, whorls rather
narrow, broader towards the aperture, spirally finely
ridged, lip strongly crenated within, columella slant-
ingly excavated, profusely granuled, edentulatc ; in-
tense black, encircled with broad reddish or yellow
bands.
Ilah. ?
A jet-black species, encircled below and around the
suture with a very characteristic broad yellow or rose
liand.
Species 7S. (Fig. a, b, iMus. Cuming.)
Nerita aknulata. Ner. testa suborbicidari, depressiiis-
ciild, crassd, spird leviter exsertd, mncronatd, anfrac-
tibus superiie depressis, deinde obsolete aiigulatis, con-
vexis, spirdlilur annul ato-costatis, aperturd expansd,
labro effum, in/us crciiiilato, columelld superne obscure
corngatd, snbdeatatd ; nigra, punctis paucis luteis
variegatd, inferne fasciis duaJms albis latis cinctd.
The ringed Nebite. Shell somewhat orbicular, rather
depressed, thick, spire slightly exserted, pointed.
whorls depressed at the upper part, then obsoletely
angled, convex, spirally annulately ribbed, aperture
expanded, lip effused, crenulated within, columella
obscurely wrinkled at the upper part, faintly toothed ;
black, variegated with a few yellow dots, encircled
round the upper part with two broad white bands.
TTab. •?
A soliil orbicularly expanded shell, encircled throughout
with ring-like ribs.
Species 79. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita granolata. Ner. testd depresso-globosd, solidi-
uscnhl, spird plam-impressd, anfractibus spiraliter li-
ratis, aperturd expansd, labro intus crenato, columelld
■profuse grauiilatd; caruleo-nigrd, columelld pallidis-
sime anruntio-tinctd.
The granulated Nekite. Shell depressly globose,
rather solid, spire flatly impressed, whorls spirally
ridged, aperture expanded, lip crenulated within, co-
lumella profusely grandated; blue-black, columella
fiiintly tinged with orange.
IM. ?
An orbicularly solid blue-black shell, distinguished in
having the columellar area more than usually grauidated.
Species 80. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Helicinoides. Ner. testd omto-turbinatd, spird
siibainpld, exsertd, anfractibus juxta spiram depres-
sinsculis, rotundatis, subangustis, versus aperturam
contractis, spiraliter tenuicostatis, aperturd parvd,
labro (ffuso, columelld declivi, obscure dentieulatd; lu-
tescenle, waculis nigris et roseis alternatim fasciatd.
The Helicina-like Nerite. Shell ovately turbinated,
spire rather large, exserted, whorls somewhat de-
pressed next the spire, rounded, rather narrow, con-
tracted, spirally finely ribbed towards the aperture,
aperture small, lip ett'used, columella slanting, ob-
scurely toothed ; yellowish, encircled with alternate
bands of black and red spots.
llah. ?
Of a peculiar contracted ovately turbinated form, be-
'■einracd with alternate bands of black spots and rose
August, 185
NEKITA.— Plate XVIII.
spots, reminding one of the IleVwl
cherrinw.
Tanliervilii or 2>"l-
!:?pecies 81. (Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita affinis. Ner. tesid ovato-turl'maid, spim valdi
exiertd, anfractibus siiperne coucavis, deinde rotun-
datis, mhangudk, versus aperturam contractu, spira-
liter subobsolete liratis, aperturd parvd, columella de-
clivi, edentulatd ; grheo-albd, candeo-nigro obscure
drigatd.
The allied Nekite. Sliell ovately turbinated, spire
much exserted, whorls concave round the upper
part, then rounded, rather narrow, contracted to-
wards the aperture, spirally rather obsoletely ridged,
aperture small, columella slanting, edentulate ; grey-
ish-white, faintly streaked with blue-black.
IM. •?
Of the same peculiar contracted turbinated type as the
preceding species, fiiiutly ridged, and grey-mottled.
jcrita.n. m.
J^^
w
^
.F
A'mcen'.. ixodks Imp
NERITA.
Species 82. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita Yoldii. Ner. testa, sendglobom, depresdusadd,
cTMsd, spird obtuse pland, anfractibiis juxta splrani
deelivibus, obtuse obscure liratis, apertiird expansd,
labro effuso, intus incrassato, columella obsolete corru-
ffutd et granulatd, minute denticulatd ; nigra, macuUs
flammisqtie angulato-flexnosis notatd.
YoLDi's Nerite. Shell semiglobose, rather depressed,
thick, spire obtusely flattened, whorls slanting next
the spire, obtusely faintly ridged, aperture expanded,
lip effused, thickened within, columeUa obsoletely
wrinkled and granulated, minutely toothed ; black,
marked with zigzag spots and flames.
Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienue, 1841, p. 1.51.
Hab. Red Sea.
A thickened obtusely expanded species, distinguished
!)y a characteristic zigzag style of marking on an intensely
Species 83. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nekita pellis-sekpentis. Ner. testa ovato-tarhhiatd,
spird exsertd, rmicronatd, anfractibus rotundatis, uii-
dique dense liratis, aperturd pared, columelld obscure
dentatd ; albidd, pnnctis ntfis dense promiscue tessel-
lata.
The snake-skin Nerite. Shell ovately turbinated,
spire cxserted, pointed, whorls rounded, closely
ridged throughout, apertm-e small, columella ob-
scurely toothed ; whitish, thickly promiscuously tes-
sellated with red dots.
Hab. ?
A small contractedly turbinated species, densely pro-
miscuously tessellated with red dots.
spiraUtcr liiieari-lira/is, angustis, gradatim latioribus,
aperturd niiiiililrr i-.i-pmisd, columelld plano-excavatd,
medio graniiliifo-c(irriig(itd, edentuld ; purpurascente-
rosed, lineis fasciisque nigris albipunctatis cingulatd,
columelld dilute aurantid, rugis nigrescentibus.
The open Nerite. Shell depressly semiglobose, more
or less hlated, spire minute, impressed, whorls spi-
rally linearly ridged, naiTow, gradually broader, aper-
ture largely expanded, columella flatly excavated,
granularly wrinkled in the middle, edentulate; pur-
ple-rose, encircled with black lines and bands white-
dotted, columella faintly tinged with orauge, wrinkles
black.
Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1841, p. 148.
Uub. Dumaguete, Island of Negros, Philippines; Cuming.
\. Light CVe/)/V«/a-shaped species, prettily painted with
white-dotted lines and bands upon a purple-rose gi-ound.
Species 84. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.)
Nerita patula. Ner. testa depresso-semiglobosd, plus
minus dilatatd, spird minutd, impressd, anfractibus
Species 85. (Fig. a, b, c, d, JIus. Cuming.)
Nerita Beaniana. Ner. testa depresso-ovatd, spird im-
presso-planatd, anfractibus augusiis, lavibus vel spira-
liter lineari-liratis, aperturd expansd, columelld con-
cavo-excavatd, tenue corrugatd ; cmruleo-'nigrd,fasciis
roseis punctisque albis cingulatd, interdunt lineis albis,
rugis colmnellaribus nigrescentibus.
Bean's Nerite. Shell depressly ovate, spire impressly
flattened, whorls narrow, smooth or spirally linearly
ridged, aperture expanded, columella concavely ex-
cavated, finely wrinkled ; blue-black, sometimes en-
circled with rose bands and white dots, sometimes
with white lines, columellar wrinkles black.
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 200.
Hab. Island of Comgidor, Philippines (under stones at
low water) ; Cuming.
Allied to the preceding species, but narrower, and with
the aperture less dilated. The fine black wrinkles on the
columellar area are particularly characteristic.
August, 1835.
N E II T T \
ncliatina, Reeve .
nffiiiis. Reeve . . .
all)icilla, Linnmus
albipuiictata, Ree-i
annulata, Reeve .
aiitiquata, Recluz
Arabioa, Reeve . .
Argils, Recluz . .
Asceiisionis, Chemnit.
aterrima, Gnielin
atramentosa, Reeve
atrata, Ckemnitz . .
atro-piirpurea, Recluz
aurantia, Recluz .
balteata, Reeve . . .
Beaniana, Recluz .
l?ernhavfli, Recluz
biilens, Gmelin . . .
hifasciata, Gmelin
bisecta, Reeve ....
bullula, Reeve ....
Chemnitzii, Recluz
clilorostoma, Lamarck
chrysostoma, Reclu.
comma-notata, Reeve
costata, ClienmUz .
Deshayesii, Recluz
Dombeyi, Recluz .
electrina, Reeve . .
erubescens, Reeve .
Essiiigtoni, Recluz
exuvia, Liiinmis . .
ej-uvia, Lamarck .
tilosa, Reeve
flavescem, Chemnitz
fi'agum, Reeve . . .
ftilgurans, Gtnelin
fuliginata, Reeve.
funioulata, Reeve
gemmulata, Reeve
geiuiaua, Reeve .
Gcorgina, Recluz
granulata, Reeve
Grayana, Recluz
grisea, Reeve . . .
grossa, Liutueus .
Iiniistnim, Reere .
XVI.
XVIII.
XV.
XIII.
XVIII.
II.
V.
XI. .
III.
III.
VI.
IV.
VIII.
XI.
VI,
XIX.
XII.
I.
I.
VIII.
XVIII.
IV.
VII.
IV.
XVII.
II.
II.
XVII.
XVII.
XIII.
VI.
I.
III.
X.
I.
IX.
XI.
XI.
II.
IX.
XVIII.
XVII.
XVIII.
VII.
V.
hiervylyjihica, ('liomiiity, I.
Heliciuoides, Reeve XVI II
Hindsii, Recluz VI.
liistrio, LirmfPus VI.
Le Guillouana, Recluz IV.
lineata, CkemnUz III.
Listen, Recluz VIII.
Longii, Recluz .XL
Malaccensis, Lamarck I.
marmorata. Reeve XVI.
Maura, Recluz IV.
maxima, Chemnitz V.
Neritinoides, Reeve V.
Neritopsoides, Reeve. XVI.
nigei-rima, CJmmtUz III.
nii/ra, Chemnitz I.
nivosa, Rveve XVI.
Novae-Guinese, Lesson XIII.
oleagina, Rwve X.
Orbignyana, Recluz XIII.
ornata, Sowerby I.
oryzarum, Recluz X.
patula, Recluz XIX.
pellis'SeriJentis, Reeve XIX.
peloronta, Linnmis II.
picea, Recluz V.
plexa, Chemnitz III.
plicata, Llnuaus IX.
polita, Lhinmis T.
pra'cognita, C. B. Adams ...... VII.
quadricolor, Gmelin I.
riugens, Reeve XVII.
Rumphii, Recluz XIV.
Savieana, Recluz VIII.
scalpta, Reeve VII.
semirugosa, Recluz IV.
Senegalensis, Chnelin VIII.
signata, Macleay X.
Spengleriana, Recluz XVII.
squamulata, Le Guillou ... . . XV.
Stella, Chemnitz .VII.
tcssellata, Gmelin IX.
textilis, Gmelin HI.
versicolor, Lamarck .KU.
vexillum, iJmv XVI.
\^\A\\, Recluz MX.
-^^.^-,6)
I68i